e. frederick morrow at arm's length? or, was he the eisenhower who appointed judges who would uphold the 14th amendment, who integrated washington, d.c., and used the army to break segregated schooling in little rock. in many ways the frustrations we have in pinning down eisenhower's ideas on civil rights are the same frustrations many of us have with our nation's history as a whole. we have a sense that our country should have given black people the same access to the rights of citizenship and opportunity that it gave to white people. that our presidents should have seen this and led us toward that goal, and not been mired in prejudice or political calculation. president eisenhower was a man who held the same casual disregard of african-americans that many in his generation held. however, his devotion to the constitution and to the procedural guarantees of the legal system enabled him to set aside his preconceived notions and take this country to a new place. or perhaps more accurately, opened enough protected space for