because so much of our new electronic world all the gizmos are made with these rare earths and china has a ninety seven percent of the of the market how did that happen well you know what it's a two fold here it is exactly like energy in many ways because here we are we're dependent on these metals for our future green technology in a hybrid cars like a shed the windmills etc in other technologies if we're going to ever get off this oil addiction which we're definitely dependent on right now we're going to need those green technologies so we're going to need these rare earths in the future now we do have supplies here at home they're just not being developed it's going to take years before that gets underway there's many obstacles here and in other parts of the world environmental governmental you know litigation and then money it's very expensive prospect right now to dig in the ground and look for these things and it takes a long long time china is already up and running they don't have as many restrictions we know that in many industries they don't so there is able to produce thes

that we rely on so these rare earth metals have been around for a long time and they're used in a lot of things we're seeing use more and more every day ok so on the periodic table that i studied in high school all that stuff at the bottom of it that had all kinds of really high numbers that nobody figured it would have any worth is now suddenly as you call it the new oil explain more it's absolutely becoming one of the most important commodities clearly because of its being brought to tension because of what's been going on between china and japan japan has been so dependent on china for forever basically for these rare earth metals for so much of what they produce and this route between china and japan over i think some of these islands that they haven't disappeared because china to threaten to ban exports and other posturing china is responsible for ninety seven percent of the available world supply of these rare earth so japan is really really spooked by this and the u.s. should be too right so we know all about how shortages in the oil business can cause all kinds of economic may

what are rare earth metals well they're basically the seventeen elements you were told in high school didn't matter they're the ones at the bottom of the periodic table but you know more importantly they're in things we use every day and we don't even realize that a lot of the electronics that we buy in the new hybrid and green technologies the big windmills that you see when you're driving on the countryside or in the deserts in california a lot of these things and it's used in defense items that we rely on so these you know rare earth metals have been around for a long time and they're used in a lot of things we're seeing use more and more every day ok so on the periodic table that i studied in high school all that stuff at the bottom of it that had all kinds of really high numbers that nobody figured it would have any worth is now suddenly as you call it the new oil explain more it's absolutely becoming one of the most important commodities clearly because of its being brought to tension because of what's been going on between china and japan japan has been so dependent on china fo

we do have plenty of rare earth in so-called urban mines here. if we are able to recycle that, we will not have to rely on imports. demand is growing every year. in this laboratory, they are searching for ways to make industry more efficient, using lasers to get down to the level of the atom, exposing the structure of metal. >> what are we looking at? what is this machine? the goal -- to develop ways of making things like hybrid cars using less rare earth. >> we started this about seven years. people did not pay so much attention to our work. people did not think this program would be so serious, like we are facing today. >> what do people think about your work now? are they very keen that you finish as quickly as possible? >> yes. now they are very keen, yes. >> japan needs answers to its rare earth supply problem soon. stockpiles will not last forever. much of the country's industry could grind to a halt. bbc news, tokyo. >> the harry potter series of blockbuster's about wizards have been in our cinema's for almost a decade, but it is coming to

as long as the earth is at a radiated balance it's going to rise and we have 70 meters of it. so it is a long-term problem. maybe i should stop i have the feeling i've worn out my welcome. so thank you. [applause]

. >> so-called rare earth, vital elements in the manufacture of many high-tech goods like cell phones and hybrid cars, but china has a monopoly on the supply. japan is a major customer, but shipments have stopped in the past month after a row between the two countries after a chinese trawler captain was arrested. china denies any embargo as being a force. -- in force. >> they are the elements that make the modern world possible. rare earth, used in the technology that surrounds us all -- televisions, mobile phones, and hybrid cars. >> this is original rare earth ore. >> but china has a near monopoly on supply, and traders in japan have seen shipments dry up as a territorial dispute between the countries began. >> already, how long? more than one month. nearly two months will pass, and not yet coming any closer to even one kilo of the rare material. >> that is bad news for japan's factories. the country sees its future in making gadgets to help the world go green, technology that needs lots of rare earth, so japan is looking for its own supplies. once people said there used -- their co

they burst down from volcanic house together with ash and particles of earth. the valley of guises lies in the so-called zone of molten vulcanism hundreds of years ago narva burst out near this canyon into volcanoes emerged during the eruption of . the valley of guises is between them. the magma beneath still heats up the layers of rock and water streams thermal energy cracks the ground making curious forms of hydrothermal activity like steam pits potholes in guises which are erupting in springs. scientists have defined their activity into four stages. water from a water bearing lay it seeps into the guy's a channel. it's then filled with boiling water part of which begins to spill out. the guys is rising may start splitting the steam busts out of also remains in the channel after the geysers eruption while the steam rises to the top. can chant is often called the hot peninsula for its various forms of hydrothermal activity. this is one of the few places on the planet where unconventional powered technology is implemented. the geothermal power station is locate

as long as the earth is at a radiated balance it's going to rise and we have 70 meters of it. so

the top of the cone is very hot the warmth is still rising from the depths of the earth. we brought these sticks here to set them on foil with the internal heat of this code the temperature inside the fissure is now one hundred degrees so the stick catches far in a matter of seconds. the first klein ends at sunset on the first day of the mountain trip but there is a much longer more difficult and interesting way to the summit of postie tell batching small kind of crater tomorrow. hungry for the full story we've got it first hand the biggest issues get a human voice face to face with the news makers. the landscape which includes the austrian. volcanoes looks more like the surface of the main. fake lava streams high rising cones. craters small funnels huge slag waists and fields of volcanic bombs. these are the results of numerous eruptions. of. course one can easily imagine that this landscape isn't part of the earth even if they don't know what happened on the moon at that time in the media nine hundred sixty s. scientists had photos of the lunar surface therefore come ch

this material would be amongst the material that was supplied to the early earth, when the earth wasg. >> reporter: but getting their hands on these precious rocks is not so easy. meteorites move at astounding speeds. and most burn up before they reach the ground. >> so, as the rock comes into the earth's atmosphere, it's moving something like tens of times the speed of sound. so, it's moving 10-times or 20-times the speed of a rifle bullet. very, very fast. >> reporter: this team has set up sophisticated network of cameras and radar systems to monitor the sky, hoping and waiting to win the cosmic lottery. >> there's no other network that combines those technologies to look at meteors. a single meteor. >> reporter: and after years of waiting, a gift from the heavens. >> i heard a loud crash. >> reporter: a golf ball-sized meteorite came crashing to earth, in range of the cameras. >> it came about in this angle here. this is where it shattered everywhere. >> as soon as i saw it, i said congratulations. you got a meteorite. it was that obvious. >> reporter: now, using a special 3-d x-r

the rocks that fall to earth.and let us know in -- let it snow, indoors, that its, we have a look at holiday events and displays this weekend. >> alan: every day the eight bombward by rocks from outer space, and a few actually make it through the atmosphere to toe earth's surface. jeremy hubbard explains why scientist want to get their hands thon meeter toites. >> streaking fire balls fall to earth every day but rarely are they captured on camera. providing a speck -- spectacular sight. there are clues to life mystery. >> how did life begin? the answer to that may absolutely be tied up in studies of meteorites. >> scientists salivate over this space rocks because they may have delivered the building blocks of thrive earth. >> many of the meteorites that land have some organic material associated with them. this material would be amongst the material shied to the early earth when the earth was forming. >> but getting their hands on these rocks is not so easy. meteorites mostly burn up before they reach the ground.

of view and these three traces here at the bottom is global temperature, surface temperature of the earth. this is made out from proxy records and we did not have thermometers a hundred and fifty years ago so this is reconstructed from sediments and ice ansisotopes and so forth and the top is co2, so this is in hundreds of thousands of years and it's interesting that you see this pretty remarkable sigh lick or cycles and this is the climate and other periods of earth history we would be huddled in a cave right now or something. the - one of the primary factors in causing this period or rough period is the fact that there are orbital properties of the solar system and planets resolve around them and in this case the exintrinsicty of the earths budget that changes and that goes, it has about a hundred thousand year period and low and behold there was a guy that was kind of able to reproduce temperature records going back and that's an old story that's well-known. let's go to the next one slowly. you see the temperatures tend to rise fast and then decline on this you see more co2, more plant

but not good earth. co-owner al called american express to find out if organic local product don't qualify as groceries. >> we are a grocery store. why can't our earn spre customer appreciate the same rewards as if she went to safeway down the street. i got a very respectful phone calling the following week saying that we were simply not eligible. the program is set up for bigger retailers than us. >>reporter: american express told him good earth is not a grocery store. that it is a specialty store. good earth shoppers we spoke with were certainly surprised to hear that they weren't really buying grocery. >> pasta. peanut butt eggs cheese. >> it's where i get my grocery. >> i don't think egg is specialty food or milk or ching. maybe they are driving to you go to places like albertson's, safeway. >>reporter: linda says she wouldn't give up her faith grocery store just to get cash back. however 7 on your side got involved and things changed rapidly after that. we questioned american express about the groce

the top of the cone is very hot the warmth is still rising from the depths of the earth. we brought these sticks here to set them on fire with the internal heat of this code the temperature inside the fissure is nine hundred degrees so the stick catches fire in a matter of seconds through. the first klein ends at sunset on the first day of the mountain trip but there is a much longer more difficult and interesting way to the summit of postie tell batiks will kind of crater tomorrow. culture is that so much i was about to feel and i think a form of forgive it really can be good for the welfare state instead of long live the welfare state the system is broken and bankrupt with almost no one taking responsibility. download the official antti application to your i phone or i pod touch from the i.q. zaps to. what geology to life on the go. video on demand parties and live broadcasts and already says feeds now in the palm of your. question on t.v. dot com. the landscape which includes the austrian. volcanoes looks more like the surface of the many. fake lava streams high rising

offer a series of powerful eruptions the earth below volcano. forming a cult there of. the average height of its cliffs is four hundred meters in the diameter is more than twelve kilometers. newsom caldera features unusual manifestations of molten volcanic activity there are hundreds of boiling and bubbling whirlpools and month pools here small volcanic cones hot lakes and areas with steam gas and hot water jets breaking through the ground. overholt lakes of the woods on caldera hostile to any advanced life forms but they are populated by special types of which produce oxygen making the water surface bubble. at the same time they prevent me thing and carbon dioxide from the underground waters from breaking the surface and rising into the atmosphere. that there are very specific conditions of saw and want to hear one can find many types of bacteria with absolutely different structures this is interest in a force. whose own is especially protected side within the current nature reserve. gainey of loss of lives and works here monitoring the caldera during the summer he acc

the top of the cone is very hot the warmth is still rising from the depths of the earth. yet. we brought these sticks here to set them on foil with the internal heat of this code the temperature inside the fissure is nine hundred degrees so the state catches far in a matter of seconds. the first klein ends at sunset on the first day of the mountain trip but there is a much longer more difficult and interesting way to the summit of postie tell batching small kind of crater to morrow. culture is that so much i was about to feel and i think i might give it real interest for the welfare state as long live the welfare state the system is broken and bankrupt with almost no winning responsibilities. though so many years of past some former prisoners back are still a lot. as well as good for sure. those so many years of past. summer hoping to find their savior. others take their executioners longing for justice. those so many years of past and memory is still alive as well as hope and hate. the landscape which includes the austrian. volcanoes looks more like the surface of the moon. f

after earth fire, she could not get passed the fire. water follow it had ship and wind was able to go across and follow and find him. it was after many years that wind was able to find him. i'll read that last part. [inaudible] all living in the americas, i saw the taken shackled to the land from sun up to sun down working tobacco, sugar cane and rice. i listen to them tell stories different but strangely familiar. now prayer rabbit. i stopped by kitchens and watched our women with cook yams, rice, oh kra and beans. our children had not forgotten. and i rejoice, led by the sound of a black smith's hammer, i travel to charleston, south carolina, john shannon, black smith. a large european with red hair, comfortable. they were apprentices to all africans new and old, familiar yet fresh. i have sold another of your beautiful gape with the rice design, how did you learn to craft so well? a young man stepped into the light. i learned by reaching back with one hand and stretching forward with the other he said. people said you are a genius. m

the moon and the earth. the moon does not have an atmosphere so it has no trappings of gases like methane and co2, and so forth which are the reason global warming is happening. the moon has an average temperature that's about 33 celsius less than earths on average. so the greenhouse effect is a natural phenomena. the greenhouse effect your used to hearing about on the news by president bush and all those other experts is the incremented effect well we've added about a third to the sea level and as well as others but if you want to question the viability of the physics, here's a great example. now, this is looking forward. these are these so called, emissions scenarios. you heard of the intricate climate on government changes which will announce it's first reports for the global assessment coming out this summer and spring and in order to conduct those experiments they have to make assumptions about the future. whatt

the goal, to make things like hybrid cars with less rare earth. suddenly everyone is interested. >> we've started this about seven years ago. people didn't realize the program would be so serious like we're facing. >> so what do people think about your work now? are they very keen you finish as soon as possible? >> yeah, they're very keen here. >> japan needs answer toss its rare earth supply problems soon, stockpiles won't last forever. without them, much of the country's industry could grind to a halt. roland buerk, bbc news, tokyo. >> more on the website, bbc.com/news. >> hello and welcome. >> see the news unfold, get the top stories from around the globe and click to play video reports. go to bbc.com/news to experience the in-depth, expert reporting of "bbc world news" online. >> funding was made possible by the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu. newman's own foundation. the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. and union bank. >> union bank offers unique insight and expertise in a range of industries. what

the moon and the earth. the moon does not have an atmosphere so it has no trappings of gases like methane and co2, and so forth which are the reason global warming is happening. the moon has an average temperature that's about 33 celsius less than earths on average. so the greenhouse effect is a natural phenomena. the greenhouse effect your used to hearing about on the news by president bush and all those other experts is the incremented effect well we've added about a third to the sea level and as well as

our exclusive report from what is being called the most religious place on earth. welcome to christian world news i am wendy griffith. george thomas is on assignment. u.s. president baracobama stopped in india during a 10-day tour. the president used his short time to reach out to the islamic world. heather sells has more. >> reporter: it was more than a homecoming. >> just as individuals are not defined solely by their faith. indonesia is defineby more than its muslim population. relations between united states and muslim communities have frayedover many years. as president, i have made it a priority torepair these relations. >> he is hoping for greater cooperation with indonesia the war on terror. >> america is not and never will be at war with islam. all of us must work together to defeat alaeda. >> the president and first lady toured the istiglal the largest mosque in indonesia. it symbolizes its diversity. >> house of worship for many houses of muslims designed by a christian architect. islam flourishes, so do other faiths. >> religious right supporters say it

this area has a unique composition of both earth and water. you can find bacteria here with completely different biochemistry and belonging to different groups and that's very interesting. each lake in the use on caldera is an isolated ecosystem with its own chemistry and indigenous organisms and is among unesco's world heritage sites giving it special protection. question is that so much of an oldish musician has the power to try to tighten the mark when playing the blame game and where to go from here the west led drive to find a final peace settlement among the palestinians and israelis. seventy six hours of intense fighting. six thousand dead at a beach front battlefields several kilometers long. and now there is only one person who cares. to see we are surrounded by garbage everywhere but also there are . on this beach which of course is very most appropriate signification i assemble all of everything that's wrong with our goddamn government allowing not only garbage but torture way where so many guys died. a new battle is going on. will

now latest crew to return to earth from the international space station have landed safe and sound at five months in orbit the soyuz capsule delivered a russian cosmonaut and two american astronauts to stand now we can cross live till we're spot on the top you know we go who can bring us the latest who is in the city of karloff the heart of russia's space program good morning to you natalia so tell us how's the crew feeling after this three hour journey. well of course the two all the pretty precautions that were necessary to make sure that they are feeling good when they arrive and. to go place as scheduled right now so you see i mean nineteen safely landed it took the spacecraft about three hours to travel all the way from the international space station back to earth and now that team of three cosmonauts is feeling wealth and safe back to earth now russian veteran cosmonauts for you to all together spend a year in space and he's calling from nasa sean and walker and douglas were have spent about six months there each in their mission included in the number of space walks and experi

earth's surface.process of that lava being pushed to the earth and having a chance to cool creates volcanos. so it is an entirely different process. >> so how do you get something that is both like mount st. helens? >> what happens is the mantle escapes to the earth's surface and weak'ss in the earth's crust. it finds places where there is a weakness in the earth's crust. there is often weaknesses along mountain ranges. >> gotcha. >> so it found a weakness there at mount st. helens and therefore -- it was awe mountain first. >> it wasn't created by -- >> well, both processes created mount st. helens. >> can any mountain just blow its top and explode? >> absolutely not. that is the answer to the question. you are very safe. if you want to go to the appalachians, no problems. the last mountain to blow there, about 120 million years ago. >> that was a very good question. >> they come in many shapes and sizes. many volcanos aren't necessarily mountains. the mantle vents through all sorts of openings and h

it's an irresistable urge to devour chunks of earth as well as other unconventional substances. dr. kim mulvihill repo some people, are quietly engaging in a strange behavior. it's an urge to did he vow chunks of earth ddevour. >> reporter: three star chef jennifer whips up an intriguing dish, a plate of dirt. but the earth here is identify -- edible. >> while the dirt is dollarsling diners around the world, at this very moment, hundreds of thousands of other people from all walks of life are craving and eating the real thing. the phenomenal is called pica, it's an intense craving to eat nonfood items. >> i had a woman once confessing that she ate toilet paper. she couldn't control it. >> there are women here in the united states who are eating two up to three boxes of this a day. >> reporter: she has studied this around the world. her research he involved into a landmark study. >> you see pregnant woman more than anyone are loving this stuff. >> reporter: they found a staggering 68% engaged in pica. >> we're addicted to these things. it's like rum. it's like openium. >> >> women ar

>> the rare earths are important because i think it is the first time that we've seen the chinese try to use an economic -- some of their economic prowess to exert leverage over other countries, in this case i think japan quite clearly. i think it's a challenge for the rest of the world, and it does begin to show the kind of difficult economic player i think that china can be. i think the only response, you know, for the united states and others, because this is obviously not a problem that only the united states confronts, is you know, first of all, to diversify our sources. >> yes. >> and not to give in. because of course, the natural ramification of what china is doing is that it will force manufacturers to manufacture within china. and the chinese can say that this is not their end goal, that they're doing it because they're worried about running out, which is a legitimate concern, or they can say they're doing it because of environmental concerns, which would be great, although hard to believe. >> china has also been involved in territorial disputes in late, and the u.s. now has