below earth's orbit. why? because for many decades, since we had neil armstrong, the first human to step on the men, there hasn't been that many people that have this experience. in fact, there hasn't been many people who have had the opportunity to even have a little experience what it's like to be an astronaut. so that's why i am here today. and that is what i have been doing for many years. i am so passionate about opening the portal of having an experience, being part of a unique experience, of becoming an astronaut. yes, maybe you are not actually going into space right now, but that is the journey at some point. therefore we get to that point, we have to start somewhere. i am about educating, about empowering, about encouraging, and having people be excited, like i have. and i have been excited since i first saw neil armstrong -- that's how old i am -- step foot on the moon. i want to be a part of that. i want everyone to experience that. hi so yes, i am all those things that were just said about me, but

the earth responds in the earth -- in the path of totality. ocean, vegetation, all that stuff responds. we will have observers across the country making measurements and watching the earthwork. these are some of the exciting aspects of what this eclipse across america can do for us. includese technology hot-air balloons and jet technology. -- we we have a limited have 11 satellites investigating this with air balloons and there will be the solar dynamics observatory. we will be watching this from the moon, from orbit. there were people on the ground, small aircraft making experiments. this will produce a network of information about this event. we have not had an event like this across the united states in 99 years. host: what about the person viewing at home? how can they access what is coming in? guest: we have a website. lots of places to get involved. you can download a free smartphone app called globe. you can make measurements and they will be uplinked to this big network. there is a citizen scientist experience you can get involved with

here on earth, even here. integrating virtual reality and augmented reality and trying to wellness intal isolation. we have this application there. something,itation is i think, as a specialty in terms of integrative medicine has good research to support that. to build thed wellness program for astronauts in the future. of time.ing out i'm not going to go too much. them in tools, we used our protocol procedure to train the nonmedical crew teams. we developed them down here. that is another thing about being an entrepreneur, we started with the idea and now this is a portable 3-d printer, solar pollard -- solar powered. in these environments, you can learn to be an entrepreneur. is great.said, this be a moon and explorer, bav nas explorer, be a space explorer, be a human explorer. what i am doing is i want to say to people and i'm going to and trying tohat's we are do is open this experiments -- experience for everyone on a basis where it does not matter what your background is. it does not matter how old you a

you just want to run away from earth, why not just focus on earth? you miss the point. the point is what we are doing is it allows us to think outside of the box, challenges us. every new paradigm we create, with technology, it can have direct benefits to life on earth and improve the quality of life on earth. so, yeah, we want to do -- we want to evolve to have a new civilization. that is still labeling. it is about the progressive evolution, it is humanity really. it is the next step. the most exciting thing for you young kids out there, i am saying, so exciting just like i was so excited when i saw a man land on the moon. this is a juncture in time in our own evolution, in our own humanity. we can literally, literally go out and back into space. not tomorrow, but you know, maybe 15 years we can be back on the moon, right, brent? if we can get everything together everything you just said, financing, people together, the great political -- you know, factions. even people who are planet deniers, like the climate deniers and flat earth believers. we still have to embrace

it moves across the earth. go 16 is also armed with a new instrument. a high-resolution camera that looks at the sun. this camera will be looking at the sun during the eclipse and we expect to see effects, the moon -- the camera looks at the sun constantly to monitor the sun's activities as we go. satellites,other including the polar satellites. as well as our partner satellites from europe. because these are polar orbiting, they will be orbiting the earth and crossing over the united states during the eclipse experience. it will be fascinating and we can't wait to see the data. the most important thing, the next graphic please, is what will the weather be. the graphic was produced by national center for environmental information and it shows that as the eclipse moves from west to east there is increasing likelihood of cloudiness of where you will be able to view the eclipse. this is due to many factors. if you look at the western coast of oregon and the southeastern states, have a higher likelihood of cloudine

earth. it's kind of a revelation to me.it was very good to talk to him for the booker i think is kind of -- i was starstruck. [inaudible] -- how the co2 levels return to normal after the -- >> so the plan as a few ways of getting rid of excess co2. there are short-term ones like when the ocean turns over, some of co2 is removed. but the big ones really are rock weathering, which is hereto reacts with rainwater. eight-year-old roxanne eventually the co2 from the air is turned into limestone at the bottom of the ocean. that takes place over at least 100,000 years. that's why ocean acidification is a problem. if we just injected tons of co2 but over a few million years it would matter because the earth system can keep up with that level. it can wash it out of the system. ocean start to acidify when you're faster than these earths systems. so in the long term all the oil and gas and coal burning will end up as limestone on the bottom of the ocean but that's on a timescale, it doesn't matter for humans. that's over 100,000 years

haven't see the noise we on earth. newhole opena window of understanding earth. we don't want a lot of people to run a radio telescope facility. is place i would want to be where i've the earth in the sky because, how cool is that? be and theit might terrain, it is even cooler with earth in the sky. there is a psychological significance there. i can remember which astronaut howas, but one talked about potent it was to blot out the earth with your thumb. did that simple act something about making them feel really alone and distant. and so, what might that mean for human behavior and how people learn to get along? i don't know. there are a lot of aspects of space architecture that are fascinating, too. it takes of which is only one person to sabotage the life of the entire settlement. death is on the other side of the wall, which is not something we are used to here on earth or . >> thank you for a great talk. entertainment industries being involved. how do you see just the development of a settlement being influenced by the fact that it may be just an amusement pa

take a minute and talk about earth science. change comes to climate nasa's job is to observe the earth and tell us what is to our planet. nasa doesn't tell us what policies we need to take in surveys but from published by school of public olicy this spring that 73 percent of americans say they rust science agencies such as nasa for information about climate change. nearly twice as many as trust family or political leaders. responsibility for nasa. request 2018 budget cuts earth observation by more missions.ding five now closing our eyes to what's happening to our planet doesn't it's not happening and people in my state have no doubt change climate is ecause we see it every day the is affecting our tourism that contributes more than 4 new hampshire. this is not the time to cut back observations i looking forward to work with my olleagues to ensure nasa continues progress on high priority earth science missions want search and finally i to end by noting that nasa contracting remains on the accountabilities office high risk list w

the fact that there are worlds there just like the earth, that have some commonalitys with the earth and you could imagine these worlds. happening right now. these questions about are we alone. answered as we speak in this decade and the next. i'm really excited about this. thanks thomas. with that, let's transition to q&a. questions on of social media so there first if a would like to ask question. nasa.e use the #ask >> wonderful we have lots of questions coming in. this first from twitter user asks what is the total mount of habitable planets including the discoveries here? total number of habitable planets believe it or not is unknown. ask and how o you you count them. we would say there's a few dozen planet but the bottom lineism of them may be a bit too big.or too you have to wait until we can see the atmospheres to know how planets are and that's why they're so relevant ecause unlike a lot of others we can actually assess them in future.r >> wonderful. lready the next question here comes from scott who asks any confirmation of the water on the bodies?y >> yeah i can handle tha

it wasn't not by a long shot you see wednesday august second two thousand and seventeen represented earth overshoot date and out what exactly is earth overshoe day you ask well that's the day every year that human beings have officially consumed more natural resources than the earth can annually provide so according to environmental groups like the world wildlife fund and the global footprint network from now till december thirty first we humans will be with having a nature's credit in a joint statement the two environmental groups stated in seven months we emitted more carbon than the oceans and forests can absorb in a year we caught more fish felled more trees harvested more and consumed more water than the earth was able to produce in the same period. earth overshoot day has been marked annually since one thousand nine hundred eighty three and to give you an idea of just how bad we've been over we've been overconsuming our natural resources budget in one thousand nine hundred ninety the overshoot they fell on december seventh we've been climbing backwards up the calendar ever since led

i don't know no he's saying we support sanctions on the earth for not getting through my last. year as normal you know we've always made it so we're going to put sanctions on anyone now and what's interesting about this is that the earth will be going on since the seventy's right yeah they there are the wizards there's a quote every year by this nonprofit research group called global footprint network they basically take the planets bio capacity almost sound like i understand there's thankfully i do research takes the planets by a capacity amount which is the amount of natural resources that are available divides it by the amount of resources we've used which is humanity's ecological footprint and now this number is then multiplied by the days in the year and that's where they get what they falls on the world started consuming more than it could regenerate you were right in the early one nine hundred seventy s. this year is the earliest overshoe day record of august second. well terrifying when you think about it it's this idea that we you know look there's a lot of people on c

another area is nasa's earth science program. the administration sought to cut $200 million, about 10% of the programs budget. row graham's budget. the senate bill would actually restore funding for those programs. >> what does the earth science program do? >> it monitors the outer earth climate, it studies everything from ocean currents to the levels of government dockside -- carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. and also, long-term trends in the ocean, the atmosphere, and on land. what sort of guidance does congress get, in terms of priorities for the administration. what does the trump administration want to do with nasa? has notdministration provided to many guidelines, in terms of what it wants to do differently, for nasa, then what the previous administration did. the new administration has only been in office for seven months. nasa is not a high priority issue. right now, it is sort of a continuation of the previous including a series of human missions to mars in the future. >> 19.8 billion for nasa and 2018. how does that nu

when you have explored the earth you have to go up and out. >> host: 1969, we landed on the moon. is that like looking at a horseless carriage today were that pretty fancy? >> guest: it is an amazing achievement even in hindsight. there has been tension between the fact that in gallup and other polls 7% to 10% of americans don't think we did it. they think it was a hoax. setting aside that so many americans were not alive when it happens, close to half a century, cultural memory. it is fading from view. on the other hand, it is the most stunning technical achievement humans have ever achieved, hundreds of thousands of scientists and engineers, thousands of companies, enormous amount of money, with computers that were so primitive, 100 times less powerful than your cell phone computer to get to the moon, an extraordinary achievement but it was so long ago. of the 19 how does nasa fit in with all the different aspects of potential space exploration? >> guest: nasa is still critical because it is the government space agency. they had a hard time. there budget sword during apollo and

earth. is full for the last time we trace to. each one of will carrying twenty kilos of drugs to the first offense to. leave just the word for it. is the free will remain there all medical men boy there is the business for the little guy like. me. i don't see a porno baby don't. make or. i walk down a great. crowd what. about your sudden passing i've only just learnt you worry yourself in taking your last wrong turn. you're out to you as we all knew it would i tell you i'm sorry if you like so i write these last words and hopes to put to rest these things that i never got off my chest. i remember when we first met my life turned on each. but then my feelings started to change you talked about war like it was again still some are fond of you those that didn't like to question our ark and i secretly promised to never be like it said one does not leave a funeral the same as one enters the mind it's consumed with death this one quite different i speak to you now because there are no other takers. that mainstream media has met its mak

narrator: today on "earth focus," coral reefs are home to 1/4 of all fish and marine life. but now, due to rising ocean temperatures, coral reefs are in great peril. around the world, dedicated people are working together to save the c corals, coming up on "earth focus." coral reefs are the most diverse ecosystems on the planet. while they cover less than 2% of the ocean floor, reefs provide livelihoods, food, and shoreline protection, as well as being home to millions of aquatic species. but coral reefs everywhere are being destroyed by warming seas, chemical runoff, plastic waste, and destructive fishing practices. man: coral reefs are very important for fish populations and diversity. narrator: mark van thillo is the captain of the mir, a 100-foot sailing vessel built in 1910 and world headquarters of the biospsphere foundation, which he created with gaieie alling, an ocean scientist and d his partnr of 30 years. together, they have been on the leading edge of documenting the dramatic changes in the planet's coral reefs. alling: we started an 18-year expedition around th

you will notice that the earth is a one inch diameter marble earth laides away, end to and 30 times, is where we placed the moon. it is a quarter of the diameter of the earth. this is a scale model. you might be surprised because lots of the pictures and images, you normally see, that earth and moon are closer together. but this is the actual distance in size. that is a learning experience in and of itself. now we can use this to model what is going to happen in terms of the shadow of the moon hitting near and what that will look like. you have everything to scale. the sun and shadows will work to scale too. you take this outside and you and youactual sun manipulate the stick so the shadow of the moon is cast on the earth. i can't do that in the studio because i do not have the sun but i have a photograph. this is a photograph showing what the earth will look like if you line things up properly which is pretty easy to do. if you look carefully, what i love about this model, the very dark shadow you are seeing in the middle of this marble representing the year, is the total eclipse lo

. -- whether--weather on earth. we are studying the solar wind to better predict what happens in space with spaced arms -- -- space storms, solar storms and space weather. we know from nasa measurements that wind accelerates in this data gap. but we don't know why. you do not know how it happens next. if you go to the last slide, everyone accelerated today when you got on a freeway. so at the bottom of the freeway on-ramp, you are going at low speeds than you hit the gas pedal in your car and beat up to merge with traffic going at 60 miles per hour. solar wind is doing the same thing in this region of the solar corona but we do not have the measurements to show how exactly it is doing it, the velocity of the exhilaration. hopefully after we collect our data with no clouds, we will come back after the eclipse and tell you what is pushing on the gas pedal for the solar wind in this perfect corona. -- in this part of the corona. >> exciting research you will do with so many students. hopefully our future colleagues as

i think that's really a matter of perspective sophia because here standing on the surface of the earth if you look down your home but if you look up it's an endless void so it's it's kind of how use you you are to the environment that you're in onboard a space ship the world is is in the distance and you're surrounded by by the eternity of the universe but there's there's a great beauty to it and sort of like an infant leaving the home where you're taking your first steps and and starting to experience the rest of everything else and and there's a great sense of wonder and a lack of understanding but also dawning awareness of just how small your home is and how we norma's everything else is and i think that perspective is what really sits in your mind and and overwhelms your feelings is the newness of it the beauty of it the opening of understanding that comes from it that's that's what's in your mind most of the time as an astronaut or a cosmonaut onboard the space station now as a commander on the ass sas you're juggling your responsibility between machines and people all stuck for m

orbiting and the earth is rotating.m west to east. ok, the total eclipse has passed over half the country. it is over illinois. i think we are going to have reviews coming up shortly. to do is this has been really incredible. i want to give a shout out to the students of charleston. make some noise. [applause] [chanting] it here. we have live video coming from kentucky, a small town with southern hospitality. it is a prime spot for viewing this eclipse. it is a city with the longest ratio of the total eclipse with a total of two minutes and 40 seconds of totality. what do you got? >> we are just as excited as you are. say hello, everybody! [applause] i am surrounded by 1000 of my best friends. it is starting to get dark. we are joined by nasa scientist, run a. -- renee. >> it is great to be here. thank you for having us out on this farm in kentucky. we are excited. >> definitely. it is a lot of fun. the light is starting to fade. we are at the point of greatest eclipse in hop skins bill. what is the significance of that

so we'll be living off earth. the second thing is we're going to find life in space, and that's my day job to find the aliens. we can talk about that. but i've got everybody seven years ago, i got everybody a -- i bet everybody a cup of starbucks we'll find aliens in 20 years. it may be that i don't have to buy that coffee. how will that affect you, the car buyer? well, we can talk about it, but it will be interesting at the very least to know you're not to the the only kid on the block, right? there are plenty of other kids, and ones you hear from are more advanced technically than you are. so maybe they can tell you here's how to avoid war, here's how to cure death, whatever. so that's the third thing. the fourth thing, however, is the most important, and this in some ways is almost the most certain of them all x that is we're inventing our successors. and this is both encouraging and scary. and that is artificial intelligence, thinking machines, okay? i went to cal tech luncheon a couple of weeks ago, and some

the earth is orbiting.m west to east. >> the total eclipse has now passed over half the country. it is currently over illinois. shortly.ave some views this has been incredible. i want to give a shout out to the college of charleston. [cheering] >> we are loving it here. we have live video from hopkinsville, kentucky. it is known for southern hospitality like charleston. hopkinsville is the city with the longest total eclipse for a total of two minutes and 40 seconds of totality. cited.assey, i am so ex what have you got? >> we are here in eclipseville. say hello, everybody. i am surrounded by 1000 of my best friends. it is getting darker already. we're joined by planetary scientist rene weber. >> it is great to be here. i went to say thank you to the city of hopkinsville for having us on this beautiful farm in kentucky. we are all excited. >> the light is starting to fade and the excitement is getting bigger. today, tell us the significance of the greatest eclipse. >> it is a point in time when is axis of t

planetary scientists search the moon and planets elsewhere and earth science as well, all of which will be involved in this important spectacle. so, this eclipse will be really important for us, because it will be providing unprecedented vantage point of nasa assets in space, in the air and on the ground. and for that, please start the movie? first of all, we will have 11 spacecraft that are flying, two of them with our sister agency craft, a this ace areh of them as shown here initially looking at the sun. there are looking at what we call the corona. the atmosphere of the sun, it looks like a crown around the moon. these observations will look at all colors from x-ray, to visible and beyond. there is one spacecraft at the moon, focused on the moon but also along the shadow at the earth, looking at that unique vantage. then of course, we have old results is craft in orbit around earth, looking at both the incoming radiation and radiation coming back from us, really providing us a unique experiment of house solar radiation interacts with the earth's atmosphere. we're also looking and ma

is greater than the combined weight of all of the people on earth. that is quite a number of ants. [laughter] why am i telling you this? [laughter] because here is the conclusion of the book, if all thi the spes that have ever inhabited our and we know there are hundreds of thousands, sadly disappearing at the most rapid rate in 10,000 years but he said the most successful species that ever lived if you define success as we have repeated chances to be wiped off that they failed and here we are. we are still around. the most successful species are ants, termites, bees and people. not the biggest, not the strongest. and he said what do they have in common? these are the species that ever lived are the greatest cooperators. they found ways to work together to solve common problems and build futures. and he said the people are the greatest cooperators but their strength is our curse we have a conscience and consciousness, and we know it so it makes us arrogant and we think that we are smarter than we are so we tend to slice and dice ourselves in a way th

most life on earth went extinct.popular culture noticed this and in the early '90s a lot of bad movies came out like armageddon and deep impact and i wrote the story is because in the popular imagination that the story of mass extinctions. there's these things that happened when an asteroid hit the planets. in the last 30 years, since then, a totally different story has emerged that i didn't think had reached the public yet or it had but i wanted to have my voice to this. science, as i said, the most recent extension was what about the dinosaurs. the and there were four earlier ones but they were obscure because dinosaurs on the popular press for science of paleontology. these alien worlds that you don't hear much about and people always ask me what went extinct and it's hard to describe because they really are unfamiliar world. you have this world of alternate universe which is crocodile relative -- some of them would have been on two legs and would have been plant eaters and other were athletic predators and dinosa

most of the time in the new moon the moon will pass either above the earth's line or below the earth'sonline. that is why it is a rare event. that we get these things perfectly lined up. >> that helps explain why when we were showing them map of the path of totality it is a diagonal.>> it is a combination of the tilt of the earth on its axis and the tilt of the moon's orbit. it is pretty complicated. >> we get totality in oregon. the bay area -- at the point of totality will -- we will be 75% coverage. >> it will get a little bit darker. you won't be able to see the corona unfortunately. you can see a nice crescent like this. >> in the bay area we will see the mona slide off. >> that is right. >> as we look at this live picture from big summit they are going to get a total eclipse. once we get to that very edge of the sun. i have heard people describe it as a flare or some sort -- like a diamond ring. that last bit of light wrapping around the surface of the moon. >> you will actually see if you are in the path of totality. you can see a few flashes of light that come from valleys on t

we are at the surface of earth where that occurs. >> thank you. the shuttle will actually be more circular here then anywhere else on earth, is that right? >> yes. it is incredible. >> we cannot wait to break out into darkness. we have our sunglasses on. see our live telescope view. everyone is really an joining it. enjoying it. we have people here from all over the world. we are just a few minutes away from totality. but before we get into that, tell us. you are a scientist and you specialize in the moon. pretty cool to look up there. you see the sun get him or and dimmer because the -- dimmer and dimmer up there. i like to tell people you are really looking at the moon up there. it is getting cooler. i've seen partial eclipses but have never had a chance to see totality before and i am so excited. >> we're down to a thin sliver of the sun. >> it is starting to get dim. nobody needs there sunglasses. just there eclipse glasses. >> it is absolutely amazing. >> we're looking forward to that. we have no clouds here in the sky. you can see some airpl

the rock weathering cycle is also known as the earth's thermostat. it is more quickly turned into limestone at the bottom of the ocean and sequestered away. so there is a way it stays in balance witches robison of a complex system of a life form. identified by that it is a super organism but it is interesting. there is a life span of the planet had some interesting characteristics. bacteria and animal life that aquatics life and then it will repeat life will show up in the reverse order i don't know. but that is a good question. >> i want to take all of you for coming. [applause] even though this is his first book which all authors note they love to sign books and will sign as many. [laughter] we will get him a table we have books at the register i'm sure he'll be happy to answer your follow-up questions. [applause] [inaudible conversations] >> great to see you. >> i loved the book . >> good evening and welcome hosted by the cultural club of silicon valley. it is my pleasure to introduce our evolutionary biologist

the designs for the rotunda floor show mother earth and the four elements of water, air, fire and earth. and the designs she created for the most part were used with the exception of mother earth. in the final floor, the design is very different. mother earth is seated in a throne. there are children around her. part of the design process. she not only created the small pieces to show the commission what she was doing, she created a full scale figure to show them this is what it would look like on the floor another key piece on the rotunda floor, is the ribbon on the floor. certainly he was not an expert in paleontology and dine sours. the commission worked with paleontologist paleontologists from the university of nebraska. they depicted the various creations he intended to put on the floor. he was able to take his drawing s and alter them to where she could fit them within the bounds of that ribbon. and and created this amazing progression of animals on the floor. this drawing shows the floor as bui build. after the design was created, they were able to draw this all in. and this is d

now 40 years after the voyager probe's launch, our gift to the kos cosmos is available here on earth. >> reporter: gazing into space it's hard to imagine drifting out there some 13 billion miles away is a message. >> hello from the children of planet earth. >> reporter: just waiting to be found. >> we have ignition. >> reporter: you see 40 years ago when nasa launched voyager 1 and 2 in the solar system, each probe carried a gold plated record with greetings in 55 languages, music from various cultures, not to mention nature's symphony. on top of that 115 images, a snapshot of earth for any extra terrestrials who may stumble upon the spacecraft. the golden record is getting a bigger audience. david peskovich, are reproducing the album for earthlings. >> it provides a sense of hope. a lot of people could really do well with some hope. >> reporter: after raising $1.3 million on kick starter they've created a box set with a book and records. >> and to think that people will be sitting down with this thing, you know, in their living rooms, right around the time of the 40th anniversary is

now, -- as it orbits earth. now, rob, over to you!: welcome to mission control here in houston, about 40 minutes ago the residents of the international space station flew canada, at an altitude of 252 statute miles with a unique view of today's solar eclipse. we will be talking with the crew in about 18 minutes and sharing some of that very, very unique video with you. it was spectacular, i must tell you and the digital imagery that they captured throughout the course of the first two of three passes that the station is making over the eclipse throughout the course of the day today has been posted on social media and will continue to be posted as the day wears on. we are very much looking forward to talking to the crew, getting their impressions and thoughts as they passed over the eclipse just about 40 minutes or so ago. we will be back to you in just a few minutes with the crew of extradition 52 aboard the international space tatian. station. we will have another eclipse view from space, images from the observatory. they are also ab

the moon casts two shadows on earth. one of the shadows comes to a point as it heads to earth. that's the point of totality. it's narrow, 70-miles wide from the west coast to east coast on monday. the second shadow gets wider as it heads to earth. this is where we get the partial solar eclipse from canada to mexico. this is what we see, we have close to 80%. we need the glasses if you are looking up nasa approved, looking at the sun will burn your retina permanently. if you don't have the glasses, we have a live report monday afternoon. back at home now, temperatures in the 70s. warm, humid, 77 in philadelphia, allentown, 79, cape may 76. wilmington 77. low pressure across the great lakes, a trail and cold front across chicago and moisture streaming ahead of it. that's what we deal with tomorrow. future tracker showing waves, 7:00 in the morning, lots of clouds, maybe a rumble of thunder. noon is over cast. the afternoon, ahead of the cold front, we could get a line of heavy downpours and gusting thunderstorms, some severe continuing into friday evening. any storm has the possi

casts a shadow on the earth. keep in mind the sun is 400 times brighter than the moon, so it's that equation that lines this up just perfectly enough where the moon totally blocks out the sun. but one reason why we don't see this every single day is because as the orbit of the moon rotates around the earth, it wobbles by about 5 degrees. sometimes the shadow is cast right into space and misses the earth completely. other times it crosses over oceans or deserts where you just don't see it, but we are in the perfect situation today for that shadow to cross from oregon right over into south carolina. and we are seeing generally clear skies for most of the country to be able to see it. now, there are different levels and different phases of the eclipse, as we've been seeing, checking in on different spots across the country. one of the really cool things is called bailey's beads. it happens as the moon almost completely crosses in front of the sun, but the sun's rays are just so so they pass in front of the valleys a

the design shows mother earth and the four elements of water, air, fire and earth. and the designs she created for the most part were used as she created them with the exception of mother earth. in the final four the design is very different. mother surgt is seated on a tlen and her children were behind her. she also created a full-scale figure to show them this is what the mosaic would look like on the floor of the rotunda. another piece on the rotunda floor the ribbon that runs around. it shows the history of creatures and animals that lived in the nebraska territories from the earliest known points. so the commission worked a pail dw iantologist from the universe of nebraska. he worked a series of drawings with drawings they were going to put on the floor of the rotunda. and he created these drawings in amazing color detail, even though it was already known the floor was going to be black and white marble. he was able to take his drawings and alter them to the point where she could fit them within the bounds of that ribbon and created this amazing progression of