past. find that have caused distinct events and earth's past-— earth's past.st briefly, although i wish _ earth's past. and just briefly, although i wish we _ earth's past. and just briefly, although i wish we could - earth's past. and just briefly, although i wish we could talk| earth's past. and just briefly, - although i wish we could talk about this all day, how long will it take until the dart crashes into the asteroid? it until the dart crashes into the asteroid? ., , , until the dart crashes into the asteroid? . , , , , asteroid? it will happen pretty soon here, in asteroid? it will happen pretty soon here. in about _ asteroid? it will happen pretty soon here, in about ten _ asteroid? it will happen pretty soon here, in about ten months. - asteroid? it will happen pretty soon here, in about ten months. so - asteroid? it will happen pretty soon here, in about ten months. so this| here, in about ten months. so this is a relatively quick mission compared to some of the other spacecraft that we've sent to explore asteroids.— spacecraft that we've sent to ex

we've got a radiation environment in low-earth orbit that we can't simulate on earth.can have beams of particular particles but it's very difficult to get that mix of radiation unless you actually go into space. our radiation research on how it affects fundamental mechanisms and cells, how radiation can cause cancer, there's a lot of parallels for these kinds of processes on earth. it's only possible in the space environment. >> thank you very much. captain shepard, thank you for the idea of the similar redundancy. that's my new word for the day. i'm fascinated that after testimony about transitioning from government to government to commercial crew, commercial cargo, commercial successor, you set these questions are behind us. do you strongly believe that we need to maintain the same kind of nasa led government investment program that we've had? >> i think it's a big question. i'm not sure i can give you a short answer. let me just say that one of the biggest issues that we worked with on iss was integrating the procedures, controls, displays, equipment, hardware betw

that picture of the earth.inning of the modern environmental movement right there. one of my favorite little lakes. there's an eagle circling around in front of us. in grad school i asked the question what does the earth look like from very far away when you can't continent and oceans and can you tell there is life on that planet? so we looked at the moon. not too many days after new moon when you can see the thinnest crescent at sunset. you'll notice that the dark part of the moon is also visible because the earth is shining on that part of the lunar surface. so if you take a telescope and you look at that light, it's earth's light. all jumbled up together. it's the land, it's the ocean, it's the clouds, the air. and when you spread that light out and look at it, you can plainly see the squiggly lines that this is the planet that has a definite clear oxygen line, and there's definitely carbon dioxide and methane. those signals were all tangled up together in the colors of the earth. and that was what we called

a bit of a condiment _ people here on earth. a bit of a condiment to _ people here on earth. bit of a condiment to deal with - people here on earth. a bit of a condiment to deal with that| a condiment to deal with that dry food you get served all the time. andrew, just explain to us the sort of things that you have had to do in order to recreate if you like the conditions that you would have on mars? ., ., ., , on mars? thanks for having us on mars? thanks for having us on and the _ on mars? thanks for having us on and the idea _ on mars? thanks for having us on and the idea that _ on mars? thanks for having us on and the idea that we're - on and the idea that we're going to exactly on the surface of mars is of course not completely accurate, so we're going to have to live inside a shelter, so the average temperature on mars is about -60 temperature on mars is about —60 celsius, it's mostly a carbon dioxide atmosphere, that we will live inside shelters and habitats so we created an artificial facility where we can control the temperature, humidity, the lighting conditions, in

they've basically given up on earth. they're like, oh yeah, we've just treated it like a garbage sheep. let's move on to mar, that'll be a lot easier. it's, it's incredibly laughable. both these people are insane. law ma scan, jeff bezos, or you can throw in some others too. yeah. yeah, they're in there too. but one of the last irony i just want to point out is to live in these pods that they're presupposing. you would have to have what sustainability in those pods you'd have to treat them very carefully. you'd have to like, not over use your resources, the opposite of what we're doing here on earth. well and to the point you, you mentioned amazon workers a minute ago. so one of the things that always strikes me about jeff faces when he talks about, especially we're going to save the planet right by, by exporting all this waste into space and will, will protect the planet. but you can't even protect the people who are under your charge right now. you're breaking up unions when they're trying to unionize in one warehouse

they've basically given up on earth. they're like, oh yeah, we've just treated it like a garbage heap. let's move on to mars. that'll be a lot easier. it's, it's incredibly laughable. both these people are insane law mosque and jeff bezos. well, you can throw in some other su, yes, you're miranda and good. yeah, they're in there too. but either one of the last irony i just want to point out is to live in these pods that they're presupposing. you would have to have what sustainability in those pods you'd have to treat them very carefully. you'd have to like, not over use your resources, the opposite of what we're doing here on earth. when to that point you, you mentioned amazon workers a minute ago. so one of the things that always strikes me about jeff faces when he talks about, especially, or we're going to save the planet right by, by exporting all this waste into space and will, will protect the planet. but you can't even protect the people who are under your charge right now. you're breaking up unions when they're tr

responsible for mapping thousands of near-earth asteroids, seen here in blue, that could threaten earth. so far 10,000 seem big enough to cause a calamity if they were to hit our planet. in 2013 a small asteroid roughly 60 feet across exploded over russia, injuring more than 1,600 people. >> if they were to impact particularly in a populated area, it would be a natural disaster on the order of anything that we've ever dealt with. >> reporter: houp vulnerable is the earth to one of these objects? >> if it's a large object, there's currently nothing to stop it. >> lift-off. >> reporter: nasa just launched earth's first planetary defense mission, d.a.r.t., the double asteroid redirection test. the spacecraft will target the moon of a harmless double asteroid nearly 7 million miles away. >> the d.a.r.t. spacecraft is going to come in at 15,000 miles per hour and hit it pretty much head on here. >> reporter: slowing the asteroid's orbit by about 1%, and push a hypothetical earthbound threat off target. >> small nudge changes its position over time so the earth and the asteroid wouldn't be on

the speed of a plane on earth. and that speed that hit would provide would change the dynamic of the moon of the asteroids. that's mon asteroids, which is 150 meters in diameter by one percent. and we would be able to measure that small deviation, changing the rotation of the orbit of that small 2 bodies of each other from the earth. and that would tend us a lot about if you want to deviate completely small asteroids from the earth. what type of spacecraft, what speed, what weight, what impact we need to have to deflect an astros? when will we know whether this experiment has been a success? because the results themselves will have to be analyzed over some time. so in addition to that, the spacecraft will hit the more that would be a small, it start in cube sat that will, will, will be f aiming that impact and attending back these these, these images in the to the earth between brackets. so it would take 2 days after that, the head, our mission from the space agency and less to 10 year when the present demarco's. a

it's great to be back on earth. our crew is kind of getting settled in and it's good to see tamal, haven't been able to see him, great to see him virtually. we had an incredible mission, full of science, full of space walks. full of a lot of fun and full of chili peppers and we had a great time together in that cool environment of microgravity up on the international space station. it's great to be back and gravity is interesting, trying to figure that out again. not sure how you people do this all the time, but it's great to be back with family and friends and other colleagues here. so, thanks for following our mission, those of you that did that and look forward to answering your questions. >> thank you, shane. and you guys look great. it is great to see you. okay. we will take some questions from media now. we are having some technical difficulties so i'll call on the next caller and please state your name and affiliation and ask your question. you can press star 1 to ask a question and star 2 to withdraw your qu

and it will all be streamed by video back to earth. and that will tell us a lot about if you want to deviate completely as small as throats will be earth. what type of spacecraft or what speed, what weight? what impact will need to have to deflect an asteroid? sign to say the results of the experiment all fine. so if an asteroid measuring just a few 100 meters collides with our planet, it could have devastating consequences. they're really targeting our asteroids that could be like regional destroyers like something that could have a huge impact and say, a certain part of the, the planet. so it's really important that we have a means to protect against those scientists hope the small impact will be a huge step forward to protecting a potentially devastating impact on a lower though to manly al jazeera while joining us now is space commentator leo, and right his life from dublin leo. good. have you with us on al jazeera, you know, i thought this only happened in movies. tell us, 1st on why this experimental is so important. what's a sig

the little things you can strain on earth, how you manager tools -- you can't drain on earth, and how you manager tools -- your tools, i think those are extremely valuable and they contribute to efficiency and safety when operating in those environments. we have a long line of young astronauts that are ready to go, and i think i had to get permission from my family before i could go, i think every astronaut would love to go to the moon, but we have a lot of right -- people ready to see that. >> we will take another question from media on the line. state your name and affiliation. >> this is amy thompson from space.com. >> thank you for taking my question. i was wondering what is going to happen to your zero g indicator, your little penguin, and what was the ride home like for you guys, was it bumpy, how does it compare to other vehicles you have flown on? [laughter] >> we are just discussing who has control of that penguin right now, we did pack him so that he would have a safe landing. we will probably timeshare between our sons who has to choose that zero g indicator for us. >> shan

and it will all be streamed by video back to earth. that would tell us a lot about if you want to deviate completely as more or less the lights on the earth, what type of spacecraft or what speed, what weight? what impact will need to have to deflect and asteroid sign to say the results of the experiment? i'll fight. so if an asteroid measuring just a few 100 meters collides with our planet, it could have devastating consequences. scientists hope this small impact will be a huge step forward to protecting a potentially devastating impact on us. laura about a manly al jazeera, jamie thompson is a writer for space dot com and she joins us live now from orlando in florida. bye skype. madam. thank you so much for joining us. your analogy 0. i guess it doesn't hurt to be prepared. i, i suppose is the sort of thought behind this mission. but do you think they have much of an idea or how much do you think they can be sure of the impact that this rocket will have on the asteroid? yeah, so and obviously this is very exciting mission. and there

an asteroid heading for earth and a mission to stop it.ding up a spacecraft to knock an asteroid off course. this one is not a danger to the earth, but the dart mission as a trial of technology for the future. normally when we are talking about a mission to go to space, we are going to explore some new world, but in this case we are literally going to crash a spaceship into an asteroid and change the direction and speed at which it moves through space, and we are doing that to basically test the technique to save the planet if there was ever a killer asteroid coming towards earth. nasa is targeting a small asteroid called dimorphos, which is orbiting around a larger space rock. the spacecraft travelling at around 13,000 miles an hour will fly into the small asteroid leaving an impact crater up to 20 metres wide. but this should also give the rock a kick, which will speed up its orbit, and this can be monitored from the earth to see if it has worked. 0nboard is also a mini satellite that will film the crash. even a small nudge can make a bi

an asteroid heading for earth and a mission to stop it.ecraft to knock an asteroid off course. this one is not a danger to the earth, but the dart mission as a trial of technology for the future. typically when we are talking about a mission to go to space, we are going to explore some new world, but in this case we are literally going to crash a spaceship into an asteroid and change the direction and speed at which it moves through space, and we are doing that to basically test the technique to save the planet if there was ever a killer asteroid coming towards earth. nasa is targeting a small asteroid called dimorphos, which is orbiting around a larger space rock. the spacecraft travelling at around 13,000 miles an hour will fly into the small asteroid leaving an impact crater up to 20 metres wide. but this should also give the rock a kick, which will speed up its orbit, and this can be monitored from the earth to see if it has worked. 0nboard is also a mini satellite that will film the crash. even a small nudge can make a big difference

to what extent do you agree at friends of the earth with what the - friends of the earth with what thes? ., , about the product by product banning of thins? . , ., about the product by product banning of thins? . , . ., ., of things? clearly we agree that all these products. — of things? clearly we agree that all these products, plastic— of things? clearly we agree that all these products, plastic cutlery, - these products, plastic cutlery, cups, plastic plates, need to be banned. but i would say it is too little, too late. we are calling for the government to set an overarching target to reduce plastic pollution in law right now and this has to be all types of plastic pollution. we cannot be satisfied with just getting rid of the most commonly littered plastic items. that is a minimum baseline. in the rest of europe all those items have already been banned as of mid—this year. all those items are no longer on sale, so why are we waiting until april 2023, which is what the government is proposing to consider banning these items? i is proposing to consider banning these items?— is propo

the moon on the earth. is of course, telling us that impact. so small bodies on earth, salma, geologic time scouts are normal. and this is the 1st time in history, we can do something about it that's for dark, comes in, which stands for double asteroid redirection test. the goal of the mission will change the speed of the incoming object, but ever so slightly, even as little as one centimeter per 2nd. scientists say doing it far enough in advance would cause the object to miss earth entirely. the objects for this experiment are double ashtray diddy most a half mile in length, and it's moonlit them warfare which measures about 160 meters long or 525 feet is roughly the height of the washington monument by comparison, the asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs measured about 10 kilometers or 6 miles wide. it is correct that that de more force and did a most are gravitationally bound to each other so or orbit in each other. and so the wind guard hits to more force and changes its motion. there's also going to b

it is not heading toward earth. but it is the first test of nasa's planetary technology. >> this is the first time nasa has taken a spacecraft and launched it to crash into an asteroid. a pretty cool mission. we're excited to be part of it. >> reporter: it are travel more than 6.5 million miles to reach the asteroids and collide with the smaller one at 15,000 miles per hour. >> our hope is to prove by impacting a spacecraft on to the rock, we change its movement. we change its speed. >> reporter: nasa is clear, the asteroid doesn't pose a threat to earth before or after the mission which starts tonight. and is expected to make impact fall of 2022. nbc bay area news. >> so let me get this straight. they're going to crash the space mission into the asteroid. that's amazing! >> a little scary. >> when you think about it, it is. thank you, nasa. okay. >>> i'll get you to that forecast in the top weather story, definitely about the chill you'll feel if you are up early tomorrow morning. down to 41 in the south bay. mostl

and not only for us, but for those that come after us as well. >> be nice to the earth-like the earthce to us. >> one person can make a change. >> we have to finish school, the next generation of leaders. >> we are saving the earth one step at a time. >> we believe that we can make the earth a better place if we start learning at this young age because, let's face it, we are the future of the world and so are our little kids and their kids and their kids and we want them to have a nice world to live in. >> these kids from all corners of the world are also trying to get involved and do more to make a difference and have firsthand experiences. >> it's exciting curiosity for what surrounds them. and the hope is that eventually they become global citizens who can engage in the big questions. >> to find out more about the environmental challenges facing our planet and what's being done to address some of them, just head to our website, cnn.com/call to earth. have you ever sat here and wondered: "couldn't i do this from home?" with letsgetchecked, you can. it's virtual care with home health

in fact, more than 80% of the earth's surface is volcanic. but what are volcanos, and why do they erupt? way down below the surface of the earth at the outer core, things get really hot, as hot as surface of the sun the heat is so powerful, it can melt rocks, turning them into basically rock soup. this is called mag ma, and because the magma has less than the rocks above it, it wants to rise to the top. these are called tectonic plates, often moving and shiftings, often in earthquakes that we can sometimes feel, and sometimes create cracks for the magma, when the magma reaches the surface of the earth and spills out of it, it becomes lava lava can reach a temperature of $2,000 fahrenheit, and get this, that's about ten times hotter than actually boiling soup, about 75% of the earth's volcanos are around the ring of fire the ring of fire spans almost 25,000 miles from new zealand all the way to the coast of south america. around the pacific ocean, an area where most tectonic plaelts m plates meet. to kfind out more we met with ke keyara. >> th

if you get it far enough away, by the time it gets towards the earth, the earth is not where it originallythe asteroid will not be in the crosshairs of the earth. blowing things up is a bad idea. gently pushing them out of the way or getting to them early. there is nothing gentle about this. it is coming in and will hit about 15,000 miles per hour. but the idea is to get there early. because if you don't get there early, you know, it's going to be much more difficult. and there's much more danger. either you won't be able to deflect it. or if you try to do the bruce willis thing, it will blow up into a bunch of chunks. >> i do see some plot holes in that movie as you were revealing it. in addition to the many others that we have seen. . >> yes. >> so i also want to talk about the run time here. the movie "armageddon" was long. it was two and a half hours of brilliance. this is going to take forever, adam. >> because it's so far away. that's exactly the point. you've got to get there before you're surprised, right. and that's what nasa -- one of the missions of the director for planetary de

the earth gets between the two, the earth's shadow falls on the moon and it goes dark. that is a total collapse -- eclipse. we will have a 97% eclipse. there will be a sliver of light on the southern edge. this is a very democratic thing that anyone can see in the sky. bernie sanders would say it is for the 99%, not just the rich people. that will be happening late thursday evening and early friday. kristen: what is the best viewing? what hour of the night should i go out with my binoculars, hot chocolate and everything? andrew: it is also goo someone with whom you like the spend time in the dark. the best time to go out unfortunately is kind of late in the evening. the partial eclipse, the beginning of the shadow portion on the moon, starts at but does not get to be fully dark until closer to 1:00. the maximum eclipse will be at 1:03 a.m. friday morning. that is hard for people who go to work or school the next morning, but sometimes you have to make sacrifices. kristen: what if you woke up right before sunrise? could you catch a good view? andrew: the whole thing ends

they are not a danger to the earth. earth in the foreseeable future. that makes them an appropriate target. >> traveling at a speed of 6.6 kilometers per second, d.a.r.t. will deliberately try to crash into the astroid to alter its orbit. >> if one day, an astroid is discovered on a collision course with earth, we have an idea how big it is, that kind of information, we will have an idea how much momentum we need to make that astroid miss the earth. >> the targeted moonlit is a little larger than one of the per mids in egypt. there are 10,000 known astroids just as big or bigger that could cause major real damage if they ever hit the earth. although none of them are tracking this way. d.a.r.t.'s kama kasi mission could provide life surviving data. michael holmes, cnn. >> thanks for joining us. i'm rosemary church. "world sport" is coming up next. but in the united states, i'll be right back with more news. get help managing your money for the life -- and years -- ahead. with fidelity income planning, we'll look at what

it's one of the most down to earth products, but with universal appeal. company heinz have created the first ever bottle of ketchup in similar conditions to the ones you would find on mars. a group of ia scientists have worked on the project for two years. i've been speaking to andrew palmer from the aldrin space institute and former nasa astronaut mike massimino. first, i asked mike why astronauts enjoyed their ketchup? well, david, thanks very much for having us on. it depends on the astronaut, but for me, it was very important. i like having ketchup on earth and i enjoyed having it in space as well, and it's notjust nutrition, but it's also a way to feel comfortable, remind you of home. meals are more than nutrition, they're also sharing times with your crewmates and remembering some things you love at home, but this is more than just about growing food on mars, it really is about taking that technology and applying it here on earth, which andrew can tell you all about, but applying it here on earth to areas where we don't have the fertile soil that we

and burns up before it reaches the surface of the earth. about every few thousand years we get hit by asteroids the size of a football field, and they can cause major damage. so a group of scientists at nasa's defense coordinating office keeps track of many of those near-earth objects, and today they start a mission that could help us avoid a cataclysmic scenario. earlier this morning, they launched a spacecraft that is going to be on a 10-month journey to a binary astroid 6 million miles away from earth, where luckily they pose no danger to us. if all goes according to plan, the spacecraft will crash into the smallest of the two astroids at 15,000 miles per hour, giving it enough of a nudge to kick it off course and to change its speed. now, right before impact, the spacecraft will release a tiny satellite -- there you go -- that's going to take pictures of the collision and send them back to earth. they will use telescopes to observe how much the impact changed the astroid's trajectory in space. the point is to add this diversion method t

of course, earth has not always been so lucky.g off the dinosaurs. it has happened before, it could happen again. but dart may come to the rescue. tim allman, bbc news. the england and wales cricket board has suspended yorkshire county cricket club from hosting international and major matches, amid a row over racism. it comes after an investigation found azeem rafiq had been the victim of racial harassment. well, it has been clear that over the last few days the situation which has emanated from what's been going on at yorkshire has become a very significant issue for the wider game. and once the situation became one which was clear there was going to be significant reputational damage for the wider game, the ecb felt compelled to step in and take this supplementary action which we have done this evening. here's our sports editor dan roan. well, today the ecb said yorkshire's handling of this situation had been wholly unacceptable, and that there were questions over its governance. headingley here was meant to, next summer, be hos

, they are not a danger to the earth, not on a path toe hit the earth in the foreseeable future.em an appropriate target for a first test. >> reporter: traveling at a speed of 6.6 kilometers per second, d.a.r.t. will then deliberately crash into the moonlet to jolt it from its regular orbit. scientists will monitor with satellite imagery and ground-based telescopes to see how it orbit's earth. >> we have an idea how big the asteroid is and how fast it's coming, that kind of information. then we'll have an idea how much momentum we need to make that asteroid miss the earth. >> reporter: the targeted moonlet is as large as one of the peer midst in egypt. there are 10,000 asteroids a as big or bigger that could potentially cause major regional damage if they ever hit the earth. although none of them are tracking this way. d.a.r.t.'s kamikaze mission could provide lifesaving data if anything ever does get too close. michael holmes, cnn. >> well, back here on earth, the rare treasure from the famous scientist just sold for $13 million. it is a key stage and development of albert einst

of course, earth has not always been so lucky. it has happened before, it could happen again. but dart may come to the rescue. tim allman, bbc news. let me leave you with these live pictures from the spanish island of la palma. this is the volcano that started erupting on september 19, but it is still spewing out lover and ash as you can see. more than 2000 buildings have been destroyed and many thousands of people have been forced to leave. experts say it is impossible to predict how long the eruption will continue but some say there are positive signs that activity is slowing. hello there. after the rather chilly conditions of the last few days, things are going to feel a little bit different as we head towards the weekend. some milder weather in the forecast, but with that, quite a lot of cloud feeding in from the west. and for some of us through the weekend there is some wet and windy weather on the way. this warm front has been working its way southwards and eastwards, introducing more in the way of cloud, but also introducin

of course, should it be heading to earth. ah, the reminder of the top stories on al jazeera, at least 33 people have died after their small boat sank while trying to cross the english channel from france. several rubber ding east settle from cali on wednesday in the hope of reaching the you case. southern shores, local officials say this could be the most deadly incident involving migrants and refugees attempting the crossing. this disaster underscore.

it�*s one of the most down—to—earth products, but with universal appeal.bottle of ketchup in similar conditions to the ones you would find on mars. a group of 1a scientists have worked on the project for two years. so why have they done it, and what does it taste like? the people with all the answers are former nasa astronaut mike massimino and andrew palmer from the aldrin space institute who dropped in from the stratosphere a little earlier. well david, thanks very much for having us on. it depends on the astronaut, but for me it was very important. i like having ketchup on earth and i enjoyed having it in space as well and it�*s not just nutrition but it�*s also a way to feel comfortable, remind you of home. meals are more than nutrition, they�*re also sharing times with your crewmates and remembering some things you love at home, but this is about more than just growing food on mars, it really is about taking that technology and applying it here on earth which andrew can tell you all about but applying it here on earth to areas that we don�*t have the

asteroids, seen here in blue, that could threaten earth. so far, 10,000 seem big enough to cause a calamity if they were to hit our planet. in 2013, a small asteroid, roughly 60 feet across, exploded over russia, injuring more than 1600 people. >> if they were to impact, particularly in a populated area, it would be a natural disaster on the order of anything that we've ever dealt with. >> reporter: how vulnerable is the earth to one were these objects? >> if it's a large object, currently nothing to stop it. >> liftoff. >> reporter: nasa just launched earth's first planetary defense mission, dart, the double asteroid redirection test. the spacecraft will target the moon of a harmless double asteroid nearly seven million miles away. >> the dart spacecraft is going to come in at 15,000 miles per hour and hit it pretty much head-on here. >> reporter: slowing the asteroid's orbit by about 1%, and push a hypothetical earth-brownd threat off target. >> a small nudge changes its position over time so the earth and the asteroid wouldn't be on a fu

to the earth, they are not on a path to hit the earth in the foreseeable future. >> reporter: travelingeters a second, d.a.r.t. will then deliberately crash into the moonlet to try to jolt it from its regular orbit. scientists back on earth will monitor the collision using satellite imagery and ground-based telescopes to see how much the moonlet changes course. >> one day, an asteroid is z discovered on a collision course with earth, and we have an idea of how big that asteroid is, we will have an idea how much momentum we need to make that asteroid miss the earth. >> the targeted moonlet is a little larger than one of the pyramids in egypt. nasa says there are 10,000 known asteroids that are just as big or bigger that could potentially cause major regional damage if they ever hit the earth, although none of them are tracking this way. d.a.r.t.'s cam kamikaze mission could provide life-saving data if an asteroid ever comes too close to earth. >>> gunnar solskjaer is leaving. michael careick will take charge of the team while the team looks to appoint an interim manager to end the season

>> happens to every space flyer, when you look back at earth from a position of earth orbit.ful creation, our home, the planet, suspended in the middle of nothing. it makes you want to be a better steward of our planet. it is extraordinary. as you orbit the earth every 90 minutes, and then of course the properties of microgravity in space. we are learning how to make new materials, new drugs, all of these things are going to come in a commercial operation that we are taking off the surface of the earth. now we will take it to the moon. then, who knows? we are going to take it out into the cosmos. flex speaking of the success -- >> speaking of the success of this program. there were a lot of skeptics about shifting this low earth orbit to commercial industry and its partnership with spacex. here we are now, what does the success of this say what we can do what we do it together? >> still today, people have difficulty making that transition. the proof is in the pudding. it is out there on launchpad 39a right now. a commercial mission with considerable nasa help and oversight. m

it is a prost of violence both against humans and against the earth.back, in my view, to the 17th century, european conquest of the americas, and also european conquest of large parts of asia. the story of "the nutmeg's curse" begins in a completely forgotten place, islands in the extreme et of indonesia, a tiny archipelago. but this archipelago has amazing trees, nutmeg trees. to put a long story short, europeans went to the indian ocean cup would straight to the islands as ickly as they could, a they try to impose monopolies on the nutmeg trees. of course, the islands resisted. ultimately, what this led to was in 1621, dutchny company had a solution eminating the entire popution of the island. many of the people were killed. many of themere enslaved. many othem died of staatn and disease and so on. story is also unfolding on the other end of the english and dutch empire, in the northeastern united states. in the case because the islands, what makes the story so ignant in my view is at the heart of i is this tree, this raculous tree of life. this tree

, burdens up before it reaches the surface of the earth. we get hit by an asteroid the sides of a football field, and they can cause major damage. so a group of scientists at nasa's planetary defense coordination office keep track of as many those near earth objects. today, they started the mission that could help us avoid a cataclysmic scenario. the mission is called the double asteroid redirection test. or dark. early this morning, they launched a space craft. that spacecraft is going to be on a ten month journey towards a binary asteroid. which is basically to asteroids which orbit a common center. 6 million miles away from earth where, luckily, they caused no danger to us. if all goes according to plan. the spacecraft will smash into the smaller of the two asteroids at 15,000 miles per hour. giving it enough of a nudge to kick it off course and the change in speed. now brett before impact, the spacecraft will release a tiny satellite, there you go, that is going to take pictures of the collision and its face debris and send the pictures

reporter: one of the challenges was the communication between mars and earth.simulate the situation, communication was delayed by 10 minutes. >> we think the first mission will happen in the next 2230 years, which means if we take into account that mars is about 1000 times further away from earth than the moon comparison, you can think of 1000 things that can go wrong in such a voyage. so we are here to make mistakes. the reason is that every mistake, everything we learn here, will not happen as a mistake on mars as well. reporter: by exploring the red planet, scientists also hope to learn about shifts in climate that alter planets. for decades, flybys, lenders, and rovers, have explored mars. >> taking care of our own planet and doing space exploration do not exclude each other. we learned when we progress to other words how our own world behaves as well, and we should allow a small fraction of our resources to be dedicated to exploring new places. at the end of the day, we are a migratory species as humans. reporter: taking care of earth by preparing the grou