there's three or four companies that are launching thousands of satellites into low earth orbit that earth, and the speeds are, you know, two to three times faster than the nbn. brad: it is the big project that lots of companies are doing, oneweb, starlink, amazon. the fact that, for a fraction of the cost of the nbn, we can get terabyte per second downloads, that transforms the way we work. and we're not talking about in cities. you can be in the middle of a rural town in australia and have the same connection speed as a city and better than what we have right now. you know, you can only imagine that's gonna transform. the fact that we're gonna get gps accurate to the scale of centimeters, we're not even talking about tens of meters. the scale of centimeters means, you know, the data for use for farmers and tracking and navigation is an order of magnitude better. russell: we're getting into the age where it's not just people that are being connected, it's machines. it's business to business, machine to machine, machine to person, and the implications for that are enormous. who can s

there are already over 2000 starling satellites orbiting the earth . in january 2022, there were around 4800 satellites in orbit and that figure has since risen. almost 3 and a half 1000 were used by commercial entities. 150 served civilian purposes like research. 506 were government owned, and 411 were for spying and military purposes. the rest don't belong in any one category. satellites had become multi purpose. take the sentinel family operated by the isa, and part of the e used copernicus, earth observation program. the sentinels are used for monitoring the oceans, measuring pollutants, and the atmosphere and mapping landscapes. farmers, for example, can use their data for vegetation maps. these tell them where their crops are growing well and where they aren't. game, where they need to use less or more. fertilizer with satellites are also helpful for monitoring gas pipelines. high resolution images reveal potential hazards on the ground. some offer accuracy to within 30 centimeters, but for now, this is still a niche market talk with and you saw s

there were 1700 small satellites launched into low earth orbit last year. place injanuary nine, 2023. the plan was for launcher1 to deploy nine micro satellites into orbit. things did not work out like that though. after a successful takeoff the rocket launched from cosmic girl, and as it reached space it all looked good but at an altitude of 180 kilometres the rocket experienced an anomaly, and the mission abruptly ended. its satellites never achieved orbit and the rocket components fell back to earth in what is described as an approved safety corridor. cosmic girl landed safely. orbit�*s next launch will be back over the mojave desert. it is investigating what went wrong in the skies above the uk and the company says it hopes to attempt another uk launch later this year. the uk space race is now on. two conventional vertical rocket launch facilities are being built in scotland. the prize of getting a satellite into orbit from uk soil is still up for grabs. while on our recent us travels i got hands on with some of the latest kit to make your house a smart

now, of course, you know what the most famous thing that's in orbit around the earth is, don't you? the second—most—famous thing in orbit around the earth? the international space station. exactly. there it is. and recently, i was lucky enough to meet the man who's in charge of the lab that's on board. the international space station has been in operation for over 20 years. since 2005, we've also had a national laboratory, and that national laboratory enables access to microgravity, and the continuous observation of earth from space for companies all across the world. and what sorts of things can you do in microgravity that are usefulfor us down here on earth? well, there's lots of fun stuff. you see the astronauts play with water and m&ms, and those all have at their heart, you know, fundamental differences in the physical behaviour of objects in that environment. those translate down into some real—world benefits for those who seek to design new materials. so our portfolio includes advanced materials research, where folks are looking to better understand the way physics works in th

and this is how it might work. satellites in the earth's geo, stationary orbit, which is around 35000 kilometers from earth, harvest energy using huge solar panels. and after converting it beam down the resulting microwave radiation down to earth on the ground, a network of receiving antennas, or rick tennis, collect them. microwaves and turned them to electricity for the grid. each satellite would produce 2 gigawatts of continuous power. as much as around $700.00 utility scale wind turbines. they'd be huge around 1.7 kilometers in diameter, and would waive several 1000 tons. the satellites could beam energy to earth 24 hours a day. the microwaves are considered safe and harmless for animals and humans. and about a quarter of the strength of the midday sun. one drawback is that energy is lost during the transmission and the conversion process. while the costs of getting the modules into space, our well sky high, even if we manage to build and finance solar power satellites in the decades to come, there are already more feasible ways of generating solar energy quickly without losing ur

and this is how it might work. satellites in the earth's geo stationary orbit, which is around 35000 kilometers from earth, harvest energy using huge solar panels. and after converting it beam down the resulting microwave radiation down to earth on the ground, a network of receiving antennas, or rick tin as collect them microwaves and turned them to electricity for the grid . each satellite would produce 2 gigawatts of continuous power. as much as around $700.00 utility scale wind turbines, they'd be huge around 1.7 kilometers in diameter and would waive several 1000 tons . the satellites could beam energy to earth 24 hours a day. the microwaves are considered safe and harmless for animals and humans, and about a quarter of the strength of the midday sun. one drawback is that energy is lost during the transmission and the conversion process. while the costs of getting the modules into space, our well sky high, even if we manage to build and finance solar power satellites in the decades to come, there are already more feasible ways of generating solar energy quickly without losing urge

space agency and nasa said that the spacecraft was launched without any problems and placed in the earth's orbit. and from me thank you for your attention. have a good morning. good morning, dear viewers . i invite you to continue with us in this section . we will review international news and with mrs. moazzami . hello, good morning. welcome. hello, good morning. hello, dear viewers. hello. i would like to inform you that this ceremony commemorating the veterans and honoring the veterans of the ministry of foreign affairs will start at 9:30 today with the presence of the minister of foreign affairs and these loved ones, as well as the affairs of the officials of the ministry, shahid yadullah foundation, but today the presidential election of nigeria will be held. nigeria is the most populous country in africa. from 19 million people registered voters, nearly 40% of whom are young people between the ages of 18 and 34. nigeria's minister of information has announced that he is in control of meta and some of the most important social networks and the most viewed ones. google visited and asked them

this morning, a carrier rocket launched from baikonur, which brought an unmanned spacecraft to earth orbitsergei prokopiev and dmitry petelin, damaged by a meteorite on a new descent vehicle, as well as us astronaut frank rubio. the unmanned flight to the iss follows a long two-day pattern. docking from the station is scheduled for february 26. as noted in roskosmos, the ship will deliver 430 kg of cargo in anticipation of the return , the astronauts will not have to limit themselves in some way, the lands were sent three times more food than usual, in addition , the medical equipment for monitoring the condition of the astronauts was included in the cargo. also , the iss atmosphere monitoring equipment and cleaning products are waiting for the station to be cleaned. a criminal case against the management company, back in the fall, its employees turned off the gas water heaters in several houses at once, leaving hundreds of apartments without hot water, the reason for the emergency state of the chimneys. why public utilities have been in no hurry to repair ventilation since then and how re

point where the waves that have been created will turn into tsunamis, now the satellite is in the earth's orbit let's say that we have many important issues and capabilities now, but did you think more about laying the groundwork and acquiring technologies that can do bigger things, and hopefully there will be good news in the future? what other factors made you come as the country's aerospace helm in space and actually activity america, as a whole, against everything that our country has done to our people, vaccines, drugs, whatever it can, it is trying to create everything that it can, that is , it is not only the industrial sector, it is not only the military sector, these have been given higher priority in the armed forces and aerospace forces, hope abroad. we employed the women, we employed the youth, we employed the knowledge-based companies, we employed the universities , and all the needs and through the bottom, when you cut off your hope towards the outside, the hope will come to the inside, that is, look. now in the field of missiles, in the field of drones, which was discussed throug

industries company has been experimenting for about three years as a satellite operating in a low-earth orbit, which is known as elo in the term. the imaging of this satellite has been improved compared to the previous examples, and the imaging at this time is 5 meters black and white and coming in color compared to the previous examples of communication it has a very, very high initial and strong ability to reach satellites with very high accuracy , which is usually the accuracy of a very functional text of the satellite in the quality of the images and the length of its imaging time. high speed towards the earth, the satellite has systems that were not in the previous samples , the aerospace propulsion systems were used, which can modify the mother of the satellite or give the satellite the ability to maneuver so that we can move your materials in its own orbit after launching the images. it will be used for the general public in the management of natural disasters in the fields of agricultural management, water resources management, and such things. in fact, the use and role of knowledge-b

now the union is on the near-earth. orbit. as roscosmos noted, the ship will deliver 430 kg of cargo to the iss on the new ship , sergey prokopiev and dmitry petilin, as well as us astronaut friend crubio , will return to earth. , fell on the streets of aleksandrovka, before this one was fiercely beaten near donetsk, only in the petrovsky district. in just an hour , about 30 shells and rockets fired from multiple launch rocket systems exploded. many civilians were injured by fire, one of the shells fired by the militants hit the ambulance, which came to help the wounded, the entire brigade of doctors died in the special operation zone, real heroes know that they are at risk, but selflessly continue to do their duty. maxim berezin visited a field hospital in one of the hottest directions in ugledar. so disperse, disperse, the wounded come from under the corner of the mosson, an abbreviation for the medical detachment of special forces of military doctors. a field hospital was set up not far from holly's front line, an inconspicu

this balloon had less capabilities than their low earth orbit satellites that they can get. >> john: how do we know that? >> we are well aware of the capacities to spy on us, like ours is to theirs. people spy on each other, and the pentagon has said as much. >> john: we have heard the ballot was adjunct to low earth orbit satellites, could see better on the ground. dan hoffman thinks it was a powerful adjunct. >> i think it was an addition, but not value added, and makes sense, optics for the satellites are much, much stronger and powerful. >> gillian: you think the white house, the president missed an opportunity to deter china in the future by allowing the balloon to circulate and drift over u.s. air space? >> china is going to do what ever they want in their own interest. i don't know they are going to be deterred by that, but i think it was more important for us to show resolution that hey, we are not going to let you roll something over the country and we know you are going to be parked over our strategic air force bases, and i think we should have taken it down earlier, that's

launched into near-earth orbit new meteorological satellite launched today emergency.will issue storm and emergency alerts. proton m with a weather satellite became the first russian rocket launched this year in the samara region in a boarding house for the elderly, new smart equipment has appeared that responds to voice commands. it turns on the lights, controls the tv, raises the blinds, reads the news and even talks about the weather for older people like smart assistants. sometimes invaluable alexandra tankihuh saw how it works. residents of the syzran boarding house are used to being in trend here they strengthen the health of the universe in the room while away the time in the lounge area with a home cinema, use bookcrossing and discuss the latest events in the phytobar, so the appearance of new gadgets was not very surprised by the tv , we already knew that this was not a novelty. such a very nice that we have a boarding house. here is alice , ours choose their favorite tv shows by voice switching in the series. they say that there are no fights over content for

to earth, as well as the astronaut, our rubio spacecraft has already been launched into a near-earth orbiting with the iss is scheduled for sunday at 4 am moscow time. return of the crew will take place in september the union is flying in unmanned mode, it was sent to replace the ship, and the damage to which became known in mid-december, after a micrometeorite hit, the cooling system was damaged and a refrigerant leak occurred. as a result, the temperature in one of the

encounters with our orbital constellation since 1957 since we launched the first satellite into near-earth orbit,000 spacecraft. half of them are now operational. what remains of the past satellites of the ships and other things, those pieces of the remnants are estimated in thousands tens of thousands. today we have dozens of tons of so-called space debris in visible outer space, that is, well, man-made nature of objects and a total of about 130 million such objects ranging in size from millimeters and more than just last year, the iss had to be removed from debris five times. we are convinced that the garbage is so small that it is even impossible to count. and even more so to predict, and the speed that such pebbles fly is difficult to even imagine from 7 to 15 km / s. with such a speed, i just came here, a blow to the union for comparison, let's take the performance of a bullet and then a maximum of 1,5 km / s. we have special catalogs, americans too, where there are certain elements, but there are quite significant ones. we even have such an understanding of red, yellow, green, corridor, fi

electronic industries company has been operating for three years as an operational satellite in the low earth orbit of 55 meters in black and white color, which has a very , very high communication compared to the previous examples. millions of tomans with great accuracy, the satellite has systems that were not in the previous models, space flight propulsion systems are used in the satellite, which can correct the water or move the satellite's own orbit maneuvering capability. in line with the management of natural disasters in agricultural financial markets, the management of water resources and other such things are widely used by the general society, and the role of knowledge-based companies in the development of technologies used in this satellite is 80% of the systems and equipment used in this satellite. native built inside the country about elahi, two achievements of our country's specialists, which, according to the report of the iranian space organization, completed the design and construction of telecommunication satellites with a weight of 120 kg, which is placed at an altitude of 500 km

russian space agency and nasa , this spacecraft was launched without any problems and placed in the earth's orbitre and in the meantime, its arabs and its africans are the main victims of this racism. the owners of residential places to rent their apartments and properties insist to housing companies that they must implement its priorities. they say that we have all the necessary documents to rent housing, but in the end the reason for the background color in the north is according to the report of the organization defending the rights of citizens , renting housing, which is one of the most basic needs of families , has always faced major problems, especially discrimination, in housing rental contracts. racism says that french citizens of african and arab descent are the highest victims of racism, and according to this , french citizens of arab news have a 28% lower chance of finding and renting housing than french citizens of genuine origin. this figure is 38% for french citizens of african descent. the latest published statistics show that 12 million people in france had an unsuitable home expe

he scored himself and gave an assist to the near-earth orbit , an upper stage with a russian meteorological satellite elektroel came out. the proton ann rocket was launched from the baikonur cosmodrome at 12:00 moscow time, the electric power will become. the third meteorological satellite of a similar type in orbit transmits weather data for 15-30 minutes helps in weather forecasting. it solves the problem of climate monitoring by issuing assault and emergency telegrams when you. the phenomenon of emergencies immediately after advertising, watch andrei medvedev's documentary territory, and the restoration of new territories after hostilities. ignore trends that's not the point. and sell your products on modern marketplaces. here is the thing. my business is at the center. this is help in promoting and selling and developing your business. at the center of my business a big deal for small businesses double benefit activated in m.video and eldorado 1999. i drove up. observation dear colleagues, on behalf of the president of the russian federation putin, the city of moscow will provide humani

of the thermal control system in order to protect spacecraft from meteorites and debris in near-earth orbit , experiments will be carried out to simulate damage to the progress of ms-21, according to the head of roskosmos. yuri borisov, despite the incident, work on the iss continues; this affected the thrust of our manned program, because, as you understand, we are forced, uh, to wish for the crewed version of the soyuz-23 and our program are shifted by almost half a year. and the cosmonauts, who should have already descended to earth in the month of march, continue their mission until at least september. the only thing that happens is that the scientific program itself is preserved; it will be carried out by those cosmonauts who are now there on february 24 from the cosmodrome. baikonur will be launched to the iss spacecraft. soyuz ms-23. he deliver goods to the station. later , the russian-american soyuz ms-22 crew will be able to return to earth on it, these are roscosmos cosmonaut sergei prokofiev dmitry peterin and nasa astronaut francisco rubio and gapikhanov daria bratukhina to carr

help from artificial intelligence so that its spacecrafts do not collide with space debris in near-earth orbit. jamila space organization did not do this plan scientists at the lunar control center in northwest china have developed artificial intelligence that can autonomously monitor and prevent spacecraft from colliding with space debris. according to nasa, there are currently more than 27,000 pieces of space debris in orbit. the land has been tracked, 28 types of iranian construction equipment and facades, including long catapult skeletons and sports film beds, about 185 million dollars from the beginning of the year to the end of december, have been exported with the conclusion of a free trade agreement with the eurasian economic union , a new opportunity for the exporters of this the industry has been created according to customs statistics, in 10 months of this year, 28 types of home construction equipment weighing more than 299,000 tomans and worth about 185 million dollars have been exported from our country . and the compression fiber bed had the highest average export value, two mill

as americans renko rubio, will have to stay on the iss and will not stay in orbit for about seven more months and return to earththis way the crew will put in orbit 370 days more than a year and install.

the union has already entered earth orbit did not head for the iss, this path will take him about two the flight is unmanned . this is necessary in order to pick up previous expeditions from the ekipazh station due to the depressurization of the soyuz ms-22 to the russians sergey prokopyev dmitry

well as the american franco will have to stay on the iss, they will stay in orbit for about 7 more months to return to earth, only on september 27 in this way the crew will spend 3070 days in orbit for more than a year and set a new record participants of the special operation mobilized from two regions the volga region were able to communicate with relatives via video link on the day of the defender of the fatherland in the samara garrison, they organized a teleconference to all his servicemen from the samara ulyanovsk regions, they were invited to the house of officers for the first time in a long time. they were able to see their sons and husbands, who are now performing combat missions in the special operation zone , congratulated them on the holiday and wished them a speedy victory and a warm return home . you understand what is waiting for you at home. i think you are constantly away from you thanks to this bridge, all relatives can calmly to communicate normally to communicate with their relatives to see each other. feel at home the warmth that they constantly think. russia should know, and the head

added over and above what china is likely able to collect through things like satellites in low earth orbit of the earth intends to increase its military precedence on a british base in cyprus next year, as, according to a bunch of li documents reported by declassified u. k. in, while washington's department of defense maintains is claimed that only 14 staff members are present. the u. s. force has been using the british base for decades, so the sides of the deployment has been kept secrets, lead documents, claims in 90, sorry, 2018. there were $87.00 us men stationed at our f acro theory. it's also mentions the construction of a new $147.00 room dorm facility. it's a cost of $27000000.00 to accommodate the same personnel responsible for training the crew of you to spy planes are still remains unclear. with any u. s. missions have been carried out yet from that location, and we requested comments from cypress and we will bring you their response as soon as we get them. to discuss the issue, we're now joined life by michael, my former senior pentagon security analyst. michael, thanks for fin

petelin and american frank rubio will have to stay on the iss, they will stay in orbit for more about 7 months and return to earth. only in september, in this way, the crew will bring 370 days into orbit for more than a year and set a new record. the kiev regime has stepped up preparations for a large-scale provocation against the pridnestrovian moldavian republic . the russian ministry of defense reports that we are talking about an invasion of the territory of the region near its border. significant concentrations of apu units with military equipment in firing positions are deploying guns on the territory of the pmr, bewitching drones on images coming from the border area show the movement of columns in the colors of searchlights in the russian ministry , highlighting the provocation of the ukrainian authorities directly threatens russian peacekeepers who are in transnistria on legal grounds. our army will adequately respond to the actions of the kiev regime. in the lugansk people's republic, intense battles are going on under the flint, the apu has to be transferred to this area every day, at least a company o

decade take off from the airport, accelerate up to 25 times the speed of sound, attaining low earth orbits or flying to tokyo within two hours. [applause] the same technology transforming our lives can solve the greatest problem of the 20th century, a security shield can one day render nuclear weapons obsolete and free mankind from the prison of nuclear terror. [applause] america met one historic challenge and went to the moon. now america must meet another. to make our strategic defense in real for all the citizens of planet earth. let us speak of our deepest longing for the future, to leave our children a land that is free and dressed in a world of peace. it's my hope that our -- upcoming visit to america can lead to a more stable relationship surely no people on earth pay or more than we americans. we cannot stroll into the future with childlike faith, our differences with a system that openly proclaims and practices and alleged right to command peoples lives into export the ideology by force our deep and dividing. logic and history compel us to accept the power relationships guided by

. >> they've helped rebuild america's bridge to low earth orbit. >> best friends. of 28 space heroes, including the crews who died in apollo 1, challenger, and columbia. speaking of space-x, it's already completed its seventh launch of the new year. the falcon nine unmanned rocket launched from the space for space carrying 49álink satellites, about 345 miles up into space. theálink network is designed to deliver high-sed internet >>> the last thing you want to be doing today, but the 49ers officially cleared their logs. >> it's just part of the process.>> you can't leave stuff for last year? >> they are packing up and saying goodbye, some of the more he back in the vendors uniform. each player gets a box, you philip the box, the team will ship that box to your home. some players will be moving on as free-agent. others will be back. after a few months to digest how this season came to a crashing end is our end. - - a crashing and bizarre in - - >> we through 3+ quarterbacks and played at a high level. it was awesome. >> we will be back next year better than ever. >>

john kirby said yes, when you are 60,000 feet above the ground as opposed to 120 miles with low earth orbit satellite or 22,000 miles with a geo stationary satellite, you can glean a lot more information, signals intelligence. senator steve deigns said this over his concern we are not hearing anything from the president on this. listen here. sorry, i have to read this. says the lack of communication from the biden administration regarding the closing of montana air space last night and the recent shootdowns that took place over alaska and canada is unacceptable. the top priority of the administration should be the safety and security of the people of the united states and keeping the american people informed is a key part of fulfilling that duty. my colleague from abc asked a pertinent question. we talk about border security on the ground. what about border security in the sky? >> well, i think it's clear this administration has failed to secure america's borders, whether it's the ground or the sky, and that's problematic from the very beginning. and also questions even keith kellogg was ad

. >> they've helped rebuild america's bridge to low earth orbit. >> best friends. they join a gallery of 28 space heroes, including the crews who died in apollo 1, challenger, and columbia. speaking of space-x, it's already completed its seventh launch of the new year. the falcon nine unmanned rocket launched from the space for space carrying 49álink satellites, about 345 miles up into space. theálink network is designed to deliver high-sed internet deliver high-sed internet pe - life is uncertain. everyday pressures can feel overwhelming it's okay to feel stressed, anxious, worried, or frustrated. it's normal. with calhope's free and secure mental health resources, it's easy to get the help you and your loved ones need when you need it the most. call our warm line at (833) 317-4673 or live chat at calhope.org today. >>> the last thing you want to be doing today, but the 49ers officially cleared their logs. >> it's just part of the process.>> you can't leave stuff for last year? >> they are packing up and saying goodbye, some of the more he back in the vendors unif

but the low earth orbit because of drag slowly comes into earth, and then it burns up.'s the things that are 1,000 miles away that is going to take time for it to finally get into earth and dissipate. so those are the things that we worry more about, the bigger type of satellites. >> yeah, and jose, you know, when we hear about that chinese spy balloon was certainly very high up in our skies, but that these other two or three things they knocked down were about 40,000 feet, is there an area there between 40,000, 50,000 feet, and 100,000 that is kind of packed in our atmosphere with stuff? >> well, yes. i think if we're -- if i'm not mistaken, the other three objects that were downed were not similar to the alleged chinese spy balloon. they were a different size and different shapes. and so that's probably consistent with the fact that they were probably commercial or scientific payloads that were floating up in space -- up 30,000, 40,000 feet, taking atmospheric measurements. there's some commonalities or some understandings that if you're going to have a balloon floati

russians sergey prokopyev and dmitry petelin, as well as american frank rubio, were delayed in low earth orbit due to a ship breakdown , a meteorite hit, the cooling system failed. as a result, they will stay in space for 370 days, and thus set a record for the iss, the reserve soyuz flew in, although without people on board, but not empty, it delivered almost half a ton of cargo. these are equipment for scientific experiments as well as products. rally against sending weapons ukraine and anti-russian sanctions took place in rome, a demonstration gathered about a hundred participants. people were holding posters critical of nato and shouting anti-government slogans similar to those calling for peace. in ukraine , pizzies were held in other cities of italy in milan. more than 2,000 people took to the street in florence. the italians are worried about the economic downturn, inflation and the risk of nuclear war in france, protests at the nexter military factories. whose products of armored vehicles and caesar installations are sent to kiev by the enterprise increase production, and in berlin, pr

and politicians, the new russian meteorological satellite l was successfully launched into a near-earth orbitns launch vehicle reported in roskosmos.

tempo won't be the only satellite of its kind in earth's orbit. in 2020, and the european union's is scheduled for next year. altogether, this constellation of satellites could help us all breathe easier. that's it for this edition of “matter of fact.” i'm soledad o'brien. i'll see you next week. >> listen to "matter of fact" with soledad o'brien on your favorite podcast provider. watch us during the week on fyi and youtube. >>> today on "asian pacific america," actor johnny wu is here, the start of "chicago men" on nbc is now in a much acclaimed play put on by a.c.t. in san francisco. then we talk lunar new year and global appreciation with sissy fang of the golden state warriors. after that, the non-profit asian law alliance in san jose is celebrating its 46th year. the executive director will be here to look back and look ahead. and we'll wrap up with an encore performance. hello, i'm robert handa, your host for the show here

planning to launch a space telescope next year that will co-orbit with their space station in lower earth orbit. how does this telescope compared to hubble, jwst, roman or other great observatories and what are the advantages and disadvantages of a co-orbiting observatory and low-earth orbit? dr. clampin: i can take that one. i don't know a lot about that particular telescope, but i can say a couple things. first of all, you always worry about contamination environment around the space station, which can result in residue, volatiles getting onto the primary mirror that it potentially impacts your ability to do science in the ultraviolet. that said, otherwise i think potentially the performance is likely to be similar to that of hubble in the visible imaging bands given that it is in low-earth orbit. mr. babin: dr. finkelstein or dr. batalha? dr. batalha: i do not really know a lot about the platform so i cannot offer in detail comments about the comparison. i am sorry. mr. babin: all right, thank you. mr. finkelstein: same for me. mr. babin: ok. thank you and i will just yield back. mr. beyer: