these old books about the situation and the so-called eastern bloc. then known as the socialist or soviet bloc but analyzed from the western perspective of the hug. the k o r soon made its actions more public also eager to attract media coverage in the west. in warsaw near st martins church the cayo are called hunger strike to show support for imprisoned workers. the secret police filmed the strikers and recorded their every move. the activists knew full well that they were being filmed and were not afraid of showing that to the authorities they often played to the cameras surveiling them. such as in this case. today as miles of yes. these people tried to get on with their lives as best they could some red candy in the bible and enjoyed the 1st fresh breeze of spring and the spirit of revolution. the official polish media did not report on the protests instead they focused on the festive government organized may day parades that celebrated the glories of communism. the interior ministry commissioned propaganda films that vilified so-called anticommuni

for the 1st time in the history of the eastern bloc the communist authorities were forced to listen to the demands of the working class. and no one had ever dad to speak to a top policy official like this. you've joined us in our business and about. you. rather than against me i mean it gets around in a study. so that and that mean. that you have seen on the west coast i mean as an example. there's a practical and if you don't gotta go then you got american my own background about going to go to cuba. we're going to reset this on the coming hour event communities to. get another dose of the steel bottle that just looks to me. yep just was leaves it a big if it does talked about. but you can. get a budget or you tell. me if that it's up to penge yet. one must feel i cannot room for you there was never a moment when one side won against the odds. that neither side sounds like they want to get in and there is no sign we would win for them roofed it was really hard work to negotiate point out this book to the workers made 21 political demands including freedom of association freedom of the

for the 1st time in the history of the eastern bloc the communist authorities were forced to listen to the demands of the working class. and no one had ever dared to speak to a top party official like this. your same as if you've joined your national guard is a muslim the problem pretty. not an immigrant alan human is absent in the study. so that and that mean they shouldn't as mr liu that's none the best i mean as an example. there's a practical and if you don't gotta go then you got american my own problems with the program this got such a cuban. american researchers and i mean our inventions of our communities the problems and yet another doesn't. just get as many as we have looked to me. yet was leaving as a bit of it just talked about. the trashing of news that you got we did a budget or you don't. pan out i mean if it it's up to page yet. moved one must feel like in that room there was never a moment when one side won against the other party to pretty strong. nice assassins like them. and there is no science we would when. it was really hard work to negotiate points out this book

, the newly emerging communist countries of the eastern bloc, and moving into western europe. this time, congress responded with the refugee relief act of 1953. this act granted 214,000 visas over the next two years to expellees,efugees, and escapees." the law defined these terms in particular ways. escapees were those who left communist countries, while refugees were those in danger of persecution anywhere in the world. however, because the vast majority of those admitted to the united states under the refugee relief act were fleeing communist countries, the term refugee became synonymous with those who were fleeing communism, at least in this country. refugee policy became a tool of cold war foreign policy. assisting those who were fleeing communism. people who were fleeing communism -- let's say there was a great deal of suspicion in the united states among americans about whether these individuals were truly democracy loving, freedom loving individuals. those who came from communist countries tended to be heavily screened because of american fears about sponsoring communis

i guess he is paroled in -- he is allowed to go to the eastern bloc.ent the rest of his life in east germany, a member of the , a member of the elite. goes back to working on science. -- as aying to , he believes in the idea that nuclear energy can provide electricity and believes in the idea that nuclear energy can provide and of course the east germans have no interest in -- they have all this black coal they think they can rely on. so he had a rather frustrating career after this. but he is still loyal to the ideology, to the party -- >> he was loyal to the ideology, but he wasn't so much loyal to the party. he was never a person who complained. he just kept his mouth shut. but he did decide. e thought stalin was the biggest communist. he didn't quite say it but he was devastated when they wouldn't let him agree to the reactor program. >> yes. that was a huge disappointment. >> a huge disappointment. >> got to know his son? >> his nephew. yes, i do know him. >> he became a very important source for the book, no? >> very partner, and he had all the f

he is allowed to go to the eastern bloc. he spends the rest of his life in east germany, a member of the communist party, a member of the elite. he is given, as such, the privileges of a party member. he goes to back that she goes back to working on science. -- he goes back to working on science. he is trying to -- as a physicist, he believes in the idea that nuclear energy can provide electricity and a force for good. of course, the used germans have no interest in doing it. they have all this blood coal they think they can rely on. -- black coal they think they can rely on. so he has a frustrating career after this, but he is still loyal to the ideology of the party. nancy: he was loyal to the ideology, but he was not loyal so much to the party. he was a person who never complained. he just kept his mouth shut, but did decide that stalinism was terrible, and a real pastor does asian of communism. bastardization of communism. he was devastated when they would not let him do the breeder reactor program. son was a source, rig

domination and president, i understand what he was trying to do he said at least three times that eastern bloc states were not under soviet domination though my question is a very narrow tactical one focused on the debate. is there any stumble, bumble or tumble that could actually change one policy or otherwise, that could change voter perceptions to create a serious jerry ford moment. i think for lots of presidents you think of the pardon ofnixon but clearly that statement in the second debate did not help him . but are we beyond the point where anything that is said is going to matter? at least by the president. >> i think the stakes are definitely higher area if you look at the trump campaign is doing a been laying the foundation for joe biden to get caught making a mistake. they were shocked by the fact that he performed so well during the convention but they're still betting is going to have a senior moment because joe biden does have those area so if joe biden is asked the question and he kind of blanks out, even if he takes a second to speak and respond is that going to play into the ex

i think about going up of people talking about elections in eastern bloc countries and places where youhe outcome, that there was reason to think there was so much corruption that you couldn't trust the outcome. it was something that was never worried about in this country. i think that there are efforts to undermine that confidence. i think that is a very serious, worrisome trend. he also talked about the sort of capricious distribution of ballots. harvesting and undue influence, when you got these universal ballots sent out to every single person in the state. there is a deliberate act of walking into the voting booth, checking your signature in that book next to the name, or, at the very least, signing up for an absentee ballot that comes to you. i think he is hitting on something that is real, of substantive concern. >> bill: he talked about it without really being prompted. almost as if he seemed to offer the answer he gave. the mail-in ballot, he has significant concerns about it. before joe biden comes out he will likely take questions today. how do you think this has gone for hi

and then nationstate capabilities that are been leaked from our the former eastern bloc or their criminal organizations they may not look like a state but they perform like ayb state and those that are best not discussed in the open forum. >> but aren't day friendly countries? >> the next question one if you said they were involved in the george floyd incident can you expand on that? >> what we have seen is reporting the chinese foreign ministry platform refer to the plight of black americans chinese don't care because they are going after muslims in their province is just an effort to influence our own discussions t we have seen them operate we have every reason to believe they are involved this effort. >> can you give a specific example? >> i don't know if we have those examples i bet hundreds of dollars you will see examples coming out of facebookok and twitter and the like but i put my life on it. >> the gentleman's time is expired. >>. >> and with those detailed report and with the loss of those of intellectual to the nationstate sponsor espionage. and that has been china. to steal i

those that are engaged in wrapping up cybercapabilities in the nationstate capability to former eastern bloc criminal organizations. they may not look like a state. and with those family countries said the next questio' and if you were involved with the george floyd incident could you expand on that? >> you see the foreign minister platform refer to the plight of black americans with those muslims in the province they don't care and they operate in a very covert way we have every reason to believe they have blocked and they are involved in this effort. >> gave us a specific example. >> i don't know if we've seen on point examples i can't prove it to you today that i put my life on it. >> the gentleman's time has expired. >> madam chair did you recognize me? >> yes i did. i did not hear you. thank you madame chairwoman for convening this hearingso fod thank you to the commission for the detailed report. also on one key area that was previously discussed i dug deeper with the loss of hundreds of billions of dollars of intellectual nationstates and cyberespionage. the chief country responsible

leaked nationstate capability to eastern bloc criminal organizations perform like a state when it comes to cyberspace countries that are probably best not discussed in an open forum. they aren't friendly countries. >> next question was one of you said they were involved in the george floyd incident some a enemies were involved in that. could you expand on that? >> we have seen some reporting the chinese foreign ministry from the platform in an open sitting referred to the plate of black americans, the chinese don't care about black americans, we know they don't care. it is an effort to influence the united states. we know, in similar related spaces we have every reason to believe that and the russians are involved in this effort. >> give a specific example, give us a specific example. >> we haven't seen on point examples but i would bet time to dollar we will see examples out of facebook, twitter and the like. i put my life on it. >> the gentleman's time is expired. >> thank you much. >> madam chair, recognize me? >> if i did. >> i apologize i did not hear you but thank you for convenin

leaked nationstate capabilities from russia into former eastern bloc criminal organizations.they may not look like a state but they perform like a state when it comes to cyberspace. there are countries that are probably best not discussed in argue --orum, someone some would argue aren't they friendly countries? you said some of our enemies were involved in the george floyd incident. could you expand on that? >> we have seen reporting that the chinese -- you saw the refere foreign ministry to the plight of black americans. care,inese don't actually they are currently interning one million muslims. we know what they are doing overtly. we have seen them operate covertly in similar cases and we have reason to believe they and the russians are involved in this effort to gaslight these debates. >> could you give a specific example? >> i don't know that we have seen on point examples but i would bet dimes to dollars that we will see various examples coming out of facebook, twitter and the like. i would put my life on it. time hasntleman's expired. >> thank you much. >> madam chair,

the relationship with turkey is at a crossroads as the bloc presses ankara to halt energy expiration in the easternget more with maria tadeo in our brussels studio. turkey, this is going to be high on the agenda. does turkey faces the threat of more sanctions? >> yes, it is high on the european agenda. that is as european leaders prepare to come here to brussels later on this week. as you mentioned, this is all to do with that escalation we have seen over the summer between the turkish government and the greek government. this is all about energy, about the gas drilling in the eastern mediterranean sea. government view is that turkey is overstepping into its waters, breaching the country's sovereignty and breaking international law. you have emmanuel micron taking a tough line saying erdogan has been an unreliable partner to the european union and an untrustworthy member of the nato alliance. a lot of this will depend on turkey. we have seen some de-escalation over the past few weeks. turkey has moved away from that water. erdogan said i would be happy to meet with the greek prime minister. the eur

the foundation of the soviet bloc 1st free trade union solidarity it was a key moment in a long struggle that led to the collapse of the soviet union and independence for eastern europe while marking the anniversary poland's leaders have drawn parallels with the pro-democracy movement across the border in belarus opening the historic gate number 2 on to the shipyards of this is where the polish anti-communist movement started helping bring about the end of communism across eastern europe the solidarity trade union gave the movement its spark. this triumph was the greatest in polish history the old order was conquered and we made friends of them i in 1980 after a series of strikes for better working and living conditions the communist leadership allowed an independent trade union to form i the official documents were signed exactly 40 years ago the union soon had 10000000 members become a freedom movement a year later solidarity was banned the government imposed martial law and arrested the leadership but the movement couldn't be stopped in 1909 it swept national elections and took power. poland's current president praised the historic importance of the union.

foundation of the soviet bloc 1st free trade union called solidarity it was a key moment in a long struggle that led to the collapse of the soviet union and independence for eastern europe while marking the anniversary of poland's leaders have drawn parallels with the pro-democracy movement across the border in belarus opening the historic gate number 2 on to the shipyards of this is where the polish anti-communist movement started helping bring about the end of communism across eastern europe the solidarity trade union gave the movement its spark. this triumph was the greatest in polish history the old order was conquered when we made friends and i in 1980 after a series of strikes for better working and living conditions the communist leadership allowed an independent trade union to form i the official documents were signed exactly 40 years ago the union soon had 10000000 members had become a freedom movement a year later solidarity was banned the government imposed martial law and arrested the leadership but the movement couldn't be stopped in 1909 it swept national elections and took power. poland's current president praised the historic importance of the uni

foundation of the soviet blocs 1st free trade union solidarity it was a key moment in a long struggle that led to the collapse of the soviet union and independence for eastern europe now while marking the anniversary poland leaders have drawn parallels with the pro-democracy movement across the border in bellers now. opening the historic gate number 2 on to the shipyards of this is where the polish anti-communist movement started helping bring about the end of communism across eastern europe the solidarity trade union gave the movement its spark. this triumph was the greatest in polish history the old order was conquered and we made friends of it. in 1980 after a series of strikes for better working and living conditions the communist leadership allowed an independent trade union to form i the official documents were signed exactly 40 years ago the union soon had 10000000 members had become a freedom movement a year later solidarity was banned the government imposed martial law and arrested the leadership but the movement couldn't be stopped in 1909 it swept national elections and took power. poland's current president praised the historic importance of the

eastern parts of europe. it is really a key part of the economic engine for all of us. ste,d spalt, ceo of er thanks so much. programs emergency qe could be undercutting the bloc'sentral bank due to incorporate -- green goals. tot can the central bank do incorporate climate change into its agenda? this is bloomberg. ♪ ♪ anna: welcome back to "bloomberg markets: european open" 46 minutes into a trading day that shares some upside for european equity markets. ftse 100 up by more than 1%. nasdaq futures up by more than 1.5%. emergency qe program might be undercutting the bloc's climate goes. the purchase -- goals. the purchase of bonds is feeding into a natural gas frenzy. joining us now is james purcell, quintet private bank head of esg sustainability and impact investing. it is an interesting question, what central banks should be buying, how they should be choosing between one bond from one company and another from another company. does this go to the heart of one of the big questions around yesterday about how to define sustainability and where natural gas fits in there? james: i think what we are dealing with here is, what is the mandate of the ecb? it is to m