particularly in regard to eastern europe, when did the united states acquire vital interest in eastern europe? that was a new development in basically the post roosevelt era. barring that, there could have been a sharing of power among the great powers continuing into -- well into the postwar. that kind of collaboration would have required regular meetings by the leaders themselves. sergey: i fully agree with this assessment. pacific, there looks like there is fantastic cooperation, including discussion with korea. the tension is in eastern europe. the u.s. is a new player there. with regard to eastern europe and stalin's plans and his yard free -- and history on the fray. ofere is a semblance multiparty systems that were not allowed. eventually, they arrived to the idea that the only way is to say this is ours and this is yours. and the full gamut of things from party control to the end of the free elections. with thatt start idea, that they believed in the power of come in's ideas. with communist movement was on the rise. they couldn't compete with the marshall plan. ideologically, t

about three hundred fifty people come here almost all of them from eastern europe. politicians looked the other way for years when it came to homeless people they tell us here the topic only began to get public attention when the stream of migrants from eastern europe increased done. i think perlin and germany as a whole has to admit that not only well situated europeans benefit from open borders. and i believe that deportation is not the solution. for many homeless don't want to return to their home country for various reasons. but deportation is exactly the topic that is being discussed by germany and poland in the near future polish social workers will be coming to berlin to try to convince the homeless countryman to return. the both he was the day that i will not go back to poland under any circumstances too much has happened i have bad memories if i went back to something i regret i have a daughter there under sort of easy for me when i'm there i do things that i shouldn't. and he's more afraid of this and getting through a freezing winter on the streets he say

about 350 people come here -- almost all of them from eastern europe. politicians looked the other way for years when it came to homeless people, they tell us here. the topic only began to get public attention when the stream of migrants from eastern europe increased. anett: i think berlin, and germany as a whole, has to admit that not only well-situated europeans benefit from open borders. and i believe that deportation is not the solution. many homeless don't want to return to their home country, for various reasons. linda: but deportation is exactly the topic that is being discussed by germany and poland. in the near future, polish social workers will be coming to berlin to try to convince their homeless countrymen to return. michal: i don't want to go back to poland under any circumstances. too much has happened. i have bad memories. if i went back, i'd do something i regret. i have a daughter there and it's not easy for me. when i'm there, i do things that i shouldn't. linda: and he's more afraid of this than getting through a freezing winter on th

more and more immigrants from eastern europe live on the streets of berlin the number is estimated at between three thousand and ten thousand but this estimate is not official me how has given up on finding an apartment he's gotten used to his life on the streets he knows most of the homeless in this area including this young polish woman they help each other and protect each other against violent attacks day and night. tells us that their linen is a magnet for east european homeless he says it's easy to live here without any money because there are so many charitable institutions. he visits a center for young homeless people twice a week there he can wash his clothes shower sleep and eat about three hundred fifty people come here almost all of them from eastern europe. politicians looked the other way for years when it came to homeless people they tell us here the topic only began to get public attention when the stream of migrants from eastern europe increased done with that i think perlin and germany as a whole has to admit that not only well situated europeans benefit from open bo

and soviet manpower in central and eastern europe to 195,000 on each side. this level reflects the advice of our senior military advisers. it's designed to protect american and european interests and sustain nato's defense strategy. a swift conclusion to our arms control talks -- conventional, chemical, and strategic -- must now be our goal. and that time has come. still, we must recognize an unfortunate fact: in many regions of the world tonight, the reality is conflict, not peace. enduring animosities and opposing interests remain. and thus, the cause of peace must be served by an america strong enough and sure enough to defend our interests and our ideals. it's this american idea that for the past four decades helped inspire this revolution of '89. here at home and in the world, there's history in the making, history to be made. six months ago, early in this season of change, i stood at the gates of the gdansk shipyard in poland at the monument to the fallen workers of solidarity. it's a monument of simple majesty. three tall crosses rise up from the ston

more and more immigrants from eastern europe live on the streets of berlin the number is estimated at between three thousand and ten thousand but this estimate is not official me how has given up on finding an apartment he's gotten used to his life on the streets he knows most of the homeless in this area including this young polish woman they help each other and protect each other against violent attacks day and night. there are many things that you yourself can't change. that makes a lot of people in the city feel unsafe in september a woman was killed by homeless men while walking through the park on her way to the subway. the district mayor is under a lot of pressure he warns that the situation is getting out of control for park officials who deal with eastern european homeless people in the bus pass here when the we don't know what would happen if we kick them out if we say you are no longer allowed to sleep here they might throw beer bottles at us or spray us with urine that was what they told me in a confidential employee meeting with and that was when i realized that we cannot

to the russians, they were very concerned about the british behavior in eastern europe particularly greece as well. then, equally unsettling at the time was this unexpected revelation that the atlantic charter was a document that was supposed to spell out the work aims of the united states, which included a clause about the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they would live had in fact it never been assigned by franklin roosevelt and winston churchill. many people said it was just a press release. here's a headline from the chicago tribune, late december 1944. american people fooled. a lot of concern and confusion about what does this mean, what's happening in the war? are we going to go back to imperialism in this sort of behavior? taken together all these factors combined to create this great deal of uncertainty about when the war in europe might end, that the behavior of the soviet and british allies, about the ability for roosevelt administration to secure the principles articulated in the atlantic charger-- charter was the war was over. one result

comes tole, when it eastern europe, he has been very supportive towards eastern europe against russianand he s let some of the policies, we have seen with the previous administration in place, reinforcing troops and sending poland.o pull in -- to along withing gas political interests. this is very coherent. like a block. we don't like it. germany does not like that sort of hyperrealistic policies based on national interests but that is what it is. >> but is it his policy? or the policy of coherence of the general's? -- of the generals? if they allow him to hold speeches in line with his policy, i think we can still say that it is pretty coherent. >> they say they have to babysit do to make sure he does not anything super stupid. i wonder if it is a donald trump coherencncy or the knowledge of pepeople who have been around fr a long time in foreign policy and to know how the game is played? they may more or less listen to him and what he wants but at the same time they do what has always been done with a little shift, maybe with eastern europe. if it was his policy, i don't think it wo

more and more immigrants from eastern europe live on the streets of berlin the number is estimated at between three thousand and ten thousand but this estimate is not official me how has given up on finding an apartment he's gotten used to his life on the streets he knows most of the homeless in this area including this young polish woman they help each other and protect each other against violent attacks day and night. there are a lot of things that you yourself are going. that makes a lot of people in the city feel unsafe in september a woman was killed by homeless men while walking through the park on her way to this happening. the district mayor is under a lot of pressure he warns that the situation is getting out of control for pocket fishel who deal with eastern european homeless people in the bus pass here in the health we don't know what would happen if we kick them out if we say you are no longer allowed to sleep here they might throw beer bottles at us or spray us with your in order that was what they told me in a confidential employee meeting with and that was when i realiz

eastern europe has seen 2 new premiers in little more than a month. you know what is happening in poland. currencies are soaring right now. sliding asatility you can see on this chart, a sign that traders think the political risk is not subject headache for exchange rates in eastern europe right now. 90 minutes into the trading day in the u.s. julie, how is it looking? julie: i'm looking at oil reservoir, because as vonnie told us, we had a major drawdown and a built in gasoline inventories, 3.6 billion, and there was a drawdown in distillate inventories. according to our chief energy outespondent, he points that what is keeping oil from turning positive is a big increase in u.s. oil production. he says the country had output of 9.70 5 million barrels a day, up 258,000 barrels a day compared with last week. that puts the u.s. on pace to exceed 10 billion -- 10 million barrels a day in production. back at the what is -- that could be what is capping any kind of gains on the oil prices. as for stocks here today, we are seeing the model along, -- we're s

we were among the first to open our labor markets to europeans from central and eastern europe. we now want to see the completion of the single markets and a digital single market. above all, a single market that serves interests of all around citizens and not just corporations. i want to commend this parliament on the work it has done to make the lives of europeans better by removing roaming charges on mobile phones and the union. that helps bring people together. the recent action on credit card charges, and likewise i commend the weight he championed air passenger rights and your plans for inter-rail. now is the time to fulfill the promise of the single market in other areas. for example, take financial services. sourance, mortgages, loans, people can get cheaper loans from european lenders and insurance if need be. i think it is something that would very much be welcomed by our citizens. i believe we should work much more closely on the cost of medicines and it innovations in particular -- new innovations in particular. this could save billions for taxpayers, ensuring modern

europe." i'm michelle henery. glad that you could join us. the conflict in easternkraine has perhaps fallen off the international radar. but fighting flares up almost daily between government forces and pro-russian separatists. and it's the civilians who suffer most. some are trapped on the front lines, with no place to go. hundreds have been killed, and over a million displaced. and many of them are women and children. despite a series of ceasefires, the ukrainian region of donbass has witnessed fighting for almost four years now. residents are living and raising families on the front line of this war zone. while many have fled this once coal-rich region, yekaterina shumyn is one of those who are either too old or too poor to escape. but staying means that she and her three children must face each day like it could be their last. reporter: the shutters on katya's home stay closed for good reason. she lives on the edge of the village of zhovanka -- next to the no-man's-land between ukrainian government troops and pro-russian separatists. shelling and mortar fire are

hello and welcome to focus on europe i'm michelle henery glad that you could join us the conflict in eastern ukraine has perhaps fallen off the international radar but fighting flares up almost daily between government forces and pro russian separatists and it's the civilians who suffer most some are trapped on the front lines with no place to go. hundreds have been killed and over a million displaced and many of them are women and children despite a series of cease fires the ukrainian region of donbass has witnessed fighting for almost four years now residents are living and raising families on the front line of this war zone while many have fled this once coal rich region it had to reassure him in is one of those who are either too old or too poor to escape but staying means that she and her three children let's face it each day like it could be their last. the shutters on carter's home stay closed for good reason she lives on the edge of the village of shanker next to the no man's land between ukrainian government troops and progress in separatists shelling and mortar fire are a part of e

eastern europe had a parti-- in europe, eastern europe had a particularly shocking history of child institutionalizationin moldova -- i do want to say this because i'm very proud of this. we have led the closure of 80% of institutions in moldova. >> that's pretty remarkable. >> yeah, and we're very proud of that. >> and you have all the sort of accountability and all those things -- >> completely. and i would say that if anyone, after watching this program, did want to donate, i have covered all core costs. so any money given to lumos will go into the field. a lot of the solution is donate differently and volunteer differently. that's a huge message i would like to get out to, you know, my people, the people who grew up with "harry potter," who are now all in their 20s. volunteering is an amazing thing, but volunteer in the right way. and volunteering in an orphanage is not a good thing to do. you're propping up the system, and...unfortunately, little though you might want to believe it, one of the reasons institutions are set up is to bring foreign money into the country in the form of donations but al

the united states actually has a little bit of a buffer during that time because as eastern europe gets hit western europe gets hit they're trying to deal with those things and when united states wakes up on the east coast they've got a chance to start responding to some of those things in preventing the attack so there's a little bit of time like they're also the effect that the business in the united states has taken a real hardcore look particularly with ransomware about how we train awareness within the companies not to open up files not to do certain things so i think there's a little bit better awareness occurring in in the u.s. than there is in some of these other countries and taught another area that i know that you're an expert on also the vulnerability is a cyber vulnerabilities in the older modes of transportation you know where they've got you know antiquated software planes ships i know they're talking about hacking cars but you know what's going to happen i mean could for example some hacker you know get into a ship's computer system say an oil tanker or even heaven forbi

russia does not threaten the united states there's not really threaten eastern europe it has a sphere of influence like every other country but this does not amount to a threat and nato is dangerous in a way because nato could very much involve the united states in a shooting war where it doesn't want to be in it. and i would i would comment on the situation between turkey and syria turkey is indeed attacking syria but turkey has an interest in syria the terrorism problem and the kurdish problem for turks is very real the united state is illegally in syria so the united states shouldn't be throwing stones at at anyone when it comes to the situation currently in syria and this whole concept of a of a thirty thousand man border guard is just totally ridiculous the turks let it happen the syrians won't let it happen and then the iraqis won't even let it happen what do you need to know michael you mentioned ukraine earlier here i mean what explain because i don't understand it what is in the national interest of the united states of america to be giving offensive weapons to ukraine when w

russia does not threaten the united states there's not really threaten eastern europe it has a sphere of influence like every other country but this does not amount to a threat and nato is dangerous in a way because nato could very much involve the united states in a shooting war where it doesn't want to be in it. and i would i would comment on the situation between turkey and syria turkey is indeed attacking syria but turkey has an interest in syria the terrorism problem and the kurdish problem for turks is very real the united state is illegally in syria so the united states shouldn't be throwing stones at at anyone when it comes to the situation currently in syria and this whole concept of a of a thirty thousand man border guard is just totally ridiculous that let it happen the syrians won't let it happen and then the iraqis won't even let it happen what do you need to know michael you mentioned ukraine earlier here i mean what explain because i don't understand it what is in the national interest of the united states of america to be giving offensive weapons to ukraine when we kno

for example when when it comes to eastern europe he's been very supportive. towards eastern europe against russia and he has let some of the policies we've seen with the previous administrations in place reinforcing troops and troops to to poland the whole energy policy were european our u.s. economic interests in selling. gas come together with edgier political interests and this is all very coherent and like a bloc. we don't like it germany doesn't like it it doesn't like that sort of hyper realistic policies based on national interests but that's what it is and is it his policy yes or is it the policy of coherence off the generals who are actually there in. making these. but as long as they get him to to hold. i'm lying with this policy and they get him to do that most of the time i think we can still say that it's pretty clear here and i think we're looking at. yeah i think they i mean you know that they they say they have to babysit him basically and make sure that he doesn't and he do anything really supposed to put so i wonder is it a trump coherency o

russia does not threaten the united states does not really threaten eastern europe it has a sphere of influence like every other country but this does not amount to a threat and nato is dangerous in a way because nato could very much involve the united states in a shooting war where it doesn't want to be in it. and i would i would comment on the situation between turkey and syria turkey is indeed attacking syria but turkey has an interest in syria the terrorism problem and the kurdish problem for turks is very real the united state is illegally in syria so the united states shouldn't be throwing stones at at anyone when it comes to the situation currently in syria and this whole concept of a of a thirty thousand man border guard is just totally ridiculous the turks let it happen the syrians won't let it happen and then the iraqis won't even let it happen well you know michael you mentioned ukraine earlier here i mean what explain because i don't understand it what is in the national interest of the united states of america to be giving offensive weapons to ukraine when we know and our

and that immigration act severely limited immigration from southern and eastern europe. now, what religions were predominant in southern and eastern europe? catholic and jewish. the reasons given, and many of these sound familiar, well, they won't assimilate very well. they're just different. and their religions are too different from the predominant protestant religion. also, we're going to admit criminals. maybe even communists, and people with diseases, and finally, these people are not very well educated. they're going to become burdens on government. all of this sounds familiar. these arguments are being used today. instead of catholics and jews, just substitute muslims and you get the same argument. this little girl, selma moses, 11 years old, allshow she looks much, much ongoinger. she is awaiting to board a steam shipp in bremen, germany, in 1946. all of her family was killed during the holocaust, but she was one of the lucky few who were allowed to come into the united states. it is a disgrace and harry truman pointed this out many times -- it is a disgrace that

we settled down into something of a pattern in europe not much of eastern europe is cold and rain stuck underneath. suppressing anything until further south you got worse atop clouds and showers from the mediterranean a very obvious big line of pliers cold front pushing into the west i might say cold front but feel cold this is where the cold reside munda seven in kiev minus one in berlin and quite often it's just foggy old grey old day bright skies whose rain showers the snow forming out in ankara snow very likely again despite a big mess of clouds to enter a bit of rain for southern france and the rain for maybe scotland and then regenerate itself a bit more of a breeze eleven degrees in london so i said it's a cold front doesn't bring in cold air the cold still resides here in eastern europe now of course that means a bit of octave it in the central med often affects places like tunisia and libya this time i think is an improving picture because the whole lot's gone east you back up to seventeen in tunis as an example in the skies a lot of the clear bit of cloud quite possible coming

american public about soviet behavior in poland and also concerning poland and other parts of eastern europe it was also upset about british intervention in behavior and in the fall of 1944 when the resistance center allies of the british that the communist resistance might gain the upper hand politically and then to send forces to establish a conservative regime this is a scene december 3 with a protest movement in athens after they killed some civilians. there were arrests of members of the communist party the american public wasn't just focused with respect to the russians they were concerned of the british behavior and then equally unsettling at the time was the revelation was the document to spell out the united states which included a clause to choose the government was never signed by franklin or churchill. his headline from the chicago tribune 1944 the american people were fools. so there was concern and confusion what does this mean? do we go back to imperialism or this sort of behavior? so these factors combined to create this uncertainty when the warm light and and the behavior of

sixty six countries one big topic the recent spread of african swine fever across large parts of eastern europe the disease is no threat for humans but farmers are worried if their stock gets infected all animals would have to be killed what i heard is a genuine worry that this is ridge germany i would say the farmers are in germany that we are doing everything we possibly can but we have to be vigilant at all times and we have to implement the actions that we have promised to do. the last for ten days galleria is this year's official partner country four hundred thousand visitors are expected. following three years of very low rainfall k.-tel faces a huge challenge now to south african cities authorities are tightening restrictions on household water usage to fight an ongoing drought beginning in february residents will be limited to fifty to say that's almost half the currency. water collection is now a common sight in cape town families here have been feeling the strain of the water rationing measures because. we can't use. the water from the tap because there's no voice in it so we have to