not only as a journalist but eastern europe. and when we start to see manifestation in american politics, a lot of us did have the reaction that it can't have been here and would remain permanently a fringe movement not to take seriously and that turned out to be wrong. and and because of the experience that she writes about in eastern europe in particular knew it was coming and started to talk about it with a clear voice love 2015 at the very least before a lot of other people were making the same comments. so the first thing i want to ask you with that perspective on the global perspective, why you have focus the book on the way you have on the role of the people that were authoritarians. you may call them intellectuals but in a lot of ways they are not they don't get that as the appropriate description and people who were a publicist propaganda some of them are intellectuals but why are you looking at these people rather than the authoritarian leaders themselves? >> first of all thank you i am delighted to be in a virtual boo

soviet fears of a sesurgeant germany led the russians to demand territorial adjustments in eastern europe to establish a larger post-war buffer zone between germany and the ussr. the allies also agreed they would accept nothing less than an unconditional surrender from the axis powers. as dawn broke on june 6, 1944, the largest amphib ws invasion force in history masked in the waters of the english channel. the long awaited invasion of northwest europe a second front was under way. the massive invasion had taken years to organize. hundreds of thousands of men and millions of tons of weapons and equipment were transported across the ocean to britain. the invasion force consisted sheafly of britains, americans and canadians.

as they we re countries in eastern europe as they were moving towards democracy. us, and i will definitely count myself amongst that which makes it very hard tojudge whether or not the opposition really does have the impetus and the power to unseat lukashenko, who has been in power for 26 years with the support of first the soviet union, then russia. but it is interesting to say that i think there have been a few signs of people within the police and the armed forces, they are beginning to shift their loyalty, and that's the sort of thing that will make a big difference rather than demonstrations. i think the issue for russia and putin is the geopolitical position of belarus, rather than anything else, because the two men have fallen out quite a lot recently, like lukashenko has been selling russian oil, which is imported cheaply, refined it then sold it at a profit. so it is really the geopolitical position that is country occupies that is probably so important for pruden at the moment. it is very much so —— hooton. the other option for belarus's potential allies

soviet fears of a sesurgeant germany led the russians to demand territorial adjustments in eastern europe to establish a larger post-war buffer zone between germany and the ussr. the allies also agreed they would accept nothing less than an unconditional surrender from the axis powers. as dawn broke on june 6, 1944, the largest amphib ws invasion force in history masked in the waters of the english channel. the long awaited invasion of northwest europe a second front was under way. the massive invasion had taken years to organize. hundreds of thousands of men and millions of tons of weapons and equipment were transported across the ocean to britain. the invasion force consisted sheafly of britains, americans and canadians. fdr monitored reports from the front. that evening he delivered a statement to the american people. it took the form of a prayer which he read on national radio. >> almighty god, our sons, pride of our nation, this day have set upon the mighty endeavor, a struggle to preserve our republic, our religion, our civilization and to set free a suffering humanity. lead them st

something similar is that play in russia, particularly in eastern europe. china has a similar thought. i focused in the opening chapter on russia because russia is actually deploying systems in space that could destroy our satellites. host: you say that the u.s. is risking what you are referring harbor, in order to prevent this from happening, which should be washington's primary goal, washington must take action today. time is not on america's side. when you say a space pearl harbor, and attack from who? guest: it could be russia, it could be china. they have similar capabilities. in the book, as i said, russia is deploying what are known as, technically they are called co-orbital satellites. -- wessians refer call them space talkers. russians say hey, this tiny satellite is a repair drone. if our communication satellite goes down, we can use the time your satellite to repair -- the tinier satellite to repair our system. it is dual use in nature. in a time of war, the russian could use -- russians could use the tiny satellites like a james trailillain and

and, you know, i think anne because of her experience she writes about in eastern europe particularly sort of knew what was coming and started to talk about in a, with a clear warning voice in 2015 at the very least, but really before a lot of other people were making the same comments. so, you know, i think i read the book with that in mind. and the first thing i want to ask you, anne, is with the perspective you have on, the global perspective on authoritarianism, why you have focused the book in the way you have on the role of the people who are sort of exemplaries to authoritarianism. you might call them the intellectuals, but in a lot of ways many of them aren't intellectuals or don't deserve or don't get that as an appropriate distinction. they're people who are publicists, pundits, propagandists. some of them are intellectuals, there were intellectuals, but why are you looking at these people rather than the authoritarian leaders themselves? >> well, first of all, thank you. i, too, am delighted to be in a virtual bookstore even though i'm joining you from across the atlantic.

it is heard in eastern europe and it is heard in vietnam, and it will be answered by us in how we faceee realities that confront this nation. the first reality is that assess it to you for peace -- is the necessity for peace in vietnam and the rest of the world. [applause] ♪ hubert humphrey: the second reality? the second reality is the necessity for peace and justice in our cities and in our nation. [applause] hubert humphrey: and the third necessity for unity. unity in our country. [applause] hubert humphrey: let me speak first, then, about vietnam. there are differences of course. serious differences within our this deck and painful issue of vietnam. and these differences are found even within the ranks of all the democratic presidential candidates. but might i say to my fellow americans, that once you have differences, i hope you will also recognize the much larger areas of agreement. [applause] hubert humphrey: let those who believe that our cause in vietnam has been right, or those who believe that it has been , agreegree here and now here and now that neither vindication nor rep

more tonight i want to bring in miriam calls mail she's a senior expert on eastern europe at germany's barrels mint sound asian miriam it's good to have you on the day based on what we have seen in the last week would you say that alexander lukashenko has days as president of deliveries are now numbered . yes definitely. president. now number i would have been more hesitant a week ago but the pressure from what used to be his own to the state sector we work us mention to court and from this decentralized demonstrations and strikes all over the country even though i'm like the institutions like state t.v. . it's clear. what about the russian factor here we know that russia has intervened in other republics before georgia in 2008 ukraine in 24 g. it's impossible to rule out a russian military intervention but would you agree that the chances of vladimir putin sending in his troops to prop up. or anemic at best. well it would in my view not at the table just if president putin send in troops because that would completely destroy the otherwise good relations sense have other feelings the g

aspects to this story let's get on with some of them with mara marie me more is professor of eastern europe politics of the police university of genoa welcome to the program president mccraw chancellor merkel have both been in contact with vladimir putin why do you think they have reached out to him at this stage rather than engaging in talks with location. well because they understand how important is the route in surulere he is the situation so they are trying to underline defected that the situation must this must be solved peacefully and so they know that is not. waiting to see all this such a situation we doubt repression and valerie and i and so they strongly probably believe that a dialogue with the russian leader is better than with the. bellerose shares borders with 3 e.u. countries so clearly there's plenty at stake for europe the european council is jus to hold an emergency meeting almost situation do you expect more any unity in hard to handle the crisis there. well it's possible the closer you know the geographical the geopolitical see the position of being the roosts is very i

but they're ignoring eastern europe and they've been ignoring eastern europe for years on this crane poland lithuania latvia these countries that know russia well and said don't do this but germany just went ahead and did it anyway i mean that surprises me is that i think there was a certain misreading in lynn that the failure point and i think the misreading was that germany itself the self perception was that germany was clearly pursuing a dual strategy of containment the soviet russia plus cooperation so basically the old pattern of the cold war and containment is just it's clear because germany in that kind has been instrumental to keep up the consensus on the e.u. sanctions so this was kind of. being the back crowd and wife carolyn thought the other us would accept within the package of cooperation this north stream to a pipeline which was also giving germany a certain leverage. the kremlin and i think the other misreading than was the dynamics inside the you to go for an energy union and to really drive this and to certain extent you know it all of the. rhetoric from berlin aro

martin summers independent journalist right on broadcast on eastern europe thank you for your time thank you. now lebanon's entire cabinet including a prime minister has resigned following last week's devastating explosion in beirut mass protests have been held every day since people have been demanding accountability for the $150.00 plus death and destruction caused by the blast our correspondent paula slayer reports from the area. situation here is becoming more and more unruly behind you you see the lebanese police they've managed to push protesters all the way back from the parliament building we're now in one of the side streets but there is tear gas and we're going to move forward a little bit because rocks are being thrown in our direction by the protesters now the protesters are still out on the streets despite the fact that earlier the lebanese prime minister resigned he resigned along with his cabinet but what the protesters here are telling me is that they're not going to stop taking to the streets until the whole parliament itself resigns so it's possible that scenes like thi

foreign minister ministers later on it's also eastern europe specifically belarus and this is also about that as did angle americal both saying that that nato is playing no role nato is not building up forces on the border with yellow roses and calling on and in the words of mr shelton calling on the regime in belarus to change its policies to recognize what its people want so clearly lots of issues being discussed by these ministers and we wait to see what will emerge from this meeting as the day unfolds thank you that doesn't it came live for us and berlin. well speaking of belarus car factory workers there have joined the general strike to demand new elections. at least despair stand tamed protesters in the capital hands on wednesday the 18th successive day of anger at the reelection of president alexander the question is accused of rigging the results which contained 26 years of a party. he says the protestors are western puppets refuses talks with the opposition. while demonstrations against local shanker draw hundreds of thousands to the streets in cities it's a different story in

now to discuss this further we're bringing in eastern europe specialist ben eris here very welcome to the program as we just mentioned present mccrone and chancellor merkel have both been in contact with president putin about the situation in belarus why do you think they've reached out to him rather than engaging in talks with. well it's ironic isn't it i mean it's and here now you've got putin warning western leaders not to interfere in the domestic politics of another country and better russia is struggling its people are trying to free themselves from 26 years of rule by a shank of the reasons economic stagnation is appalling handling of the covert crisis but this is within the european context and of course ukraine is standing in the background and geo political forces are aligning themselves. to see which way it goes i think better some people are simply interested in getting rid of look pushing go on having more say and how to run the country but the great powers such as they are. interested in making better or should join one of the 2 clubs the russian president stressed the n

but neither he nor the rulers of eastern europe could ignore the much louder chants of demonstrators the streets of life segan dressed and in the churches and the schools and in the factors in on the farms, a once silent people found the voice and a battering ram to knock down walls, real and imagine. because of them the political map of europe has been rewritten." what about the museum? well, if you go to the reagan museum. when you go there, you come upon, if you get to go, these large foreign policy sections. once you get through it there are these doors, as you can see from my amateurish photography. and, as you look through it, this big video playing of reagan and gorbachev and what they did to bring about an end to the cold war through peaceful negotiation. and there are exhibits all around. they talk about how did this end? and all of those exhibits emphasized reagan working with gorbachev. reagan talking with gorbachev. negotiating. doing what they could to try to develop the trust that would ultimately lead to disarmament. by the way the iran contra exhibit -- you might just

but it is quite confined to eastern europe than moscow obviously beyond the european borders is about 9 degrees above average but book arrests were $37.00 degrees there is sunshine around plenty of sunshine for the thames isn't necessary reflect the lack of sunshine it's there so the mediterranean as well is the position for tuesday the rains moved up into poland and slovakia. for west africa we're still saying well come pasta clump of potentially tropical storms that go off shore make tropical cyclones but count in there a long way north and the heaviest downpours like be anywhere from. mali and towards senegal over the next 2 days. of. dreams johnson and entertainments a way for people to rise above the violence around them so it's my role to give these girls a different idea that they can leave the wards of this community 3 short films show how foments creates a home and family and gives hope and opportunity. a.j. selects on al-jazeera. the remove. or. you're watching al-jazeera a reminder of our top stories this hour the mayor of portland is accused president trump of creati

during the population with new progeny from abroad mainly from eastern europe. in the winter so she even berlin are hundreds of documents that show the gradual development of humor strategy for the organized abduction of children. after his trip through of are to go himmler wrote to the girl later actual cries that. i believe it is right that small children of especially good raise from polish families become lectern brought up by us and special not to large children's nurseries and orphanages. i would advise starting with 2 or 3 such institutions so as to gather experience. isabel hina mine is a professor of contemporary history at the university of minister. she has studied the subject of the stolen children for a number of years. she set up a europe wide research project and with colleagues analyzed 17000 files of foreign children found by the allies in germany after the war. on historians want to reconstruct the roots taken by the stolen children and with them as it was left but the fact that the nazis deliberately conceal their identities makes that a formi

the worst affected victims are often seasonal workers from eastern europe. sebastian is 9 months old 10 years ago his family moved from romania to the ensign and region of north west germany. sebastian's found them out he has saved up and bought a house he now works in a vehicle factory and doesn't like to think about the time he spent temping in a german slaughterhouse he needed the money but conditions were hard. not about god you know i work for a reputable company that cares for its employees and doesn't take advantage of them in the slaughterhouse there were so many temporary work agencies that enticed people with the promise of easy money but the job was very hard and the workers were treated badly. look this is the sort of house malleus is talking about it's 2000 employees earn minimum wage and their food and overpriced accommodation is deducted from their pay it's often been described as slave labor. no what do you mean slaves no one is forced to work here everyone comes here of their own free will for goodness sake. there's a certain workflow that n

from eastern europe. in the bundesliga sheaves in berlin are hundreds of documents that show the gradual development of humor strategy for the organized abduction of children. after his trip through vertigo himmler wrote to the go lighter touch of christ or. i believe it is right that small children of especially good raise from polish families because lectern brought up by us and special not to large children's nurseries and orphanages. i would advise starting with 2 or 3 such institutions so as to gather experience. isabel hina mine is a professor of contemporary history at the university of minister. she has studied the subject of the stolen children for a number of years. she set up a europe wide research project and with colleagues has analyzed 17000 files of foreign children found by the allies in germany after the war look you pointed out you know and historians want to reconstruct the roots taken by the stolen children and with them. but the fact that the nazis deliberately conceal their identitie

there is no doubt that a lot of these migrants coming to eastern europe, across europe into france andhem wa nt to europe into france and some of them want to come to the uk, but the french know they are there in france and they should be dealing with them, and that is why we have to come to some agreement with them. this is a problem for the whole of europe as well as the uk. europe has a real problem, to split the eu in many ways, but something has got to be sorted out finally because they are probably hundreds of millions of people in the world who would much rather live in europe than live in that dreadful countries. it's a fact of life. europe cannot take hundreds of life. europe cannot take hundreds of millions of people, it can't take millions of people, this is a real problem that has got to be resolved, but the specific of calais relies on an agreement with france, but we do need a much better way of actually keeping the security of our waters around this country or else leaving the eu now that is the whole issue of fish protection, our exclusive economic zone which is a huge

europe, they were considered not assimilated. and over time they became, they were accepted into american society. but at the beginning, they seemed just as different as a middle eastern family or a muslim family might seem to us right now. so what is tricky about the current moment, is this question of, back then, the idea was, these are people from all over europe. and this is where the melting pot analogy comes from. all of these european races or ethnicities are blended together into one big stew. now we have people from all over the world. every country. the borough of queens probably has someone from every country in the world. what does assimilation look like now? is that speaking the english language? is that the food you eat? is it how you worship? is it whether you vote? is it where you go to school? all of these questions are on the table. and so we have to think of our country as one that has over time, consistently had people from all around the world. they first show up and no one knows what to make of them, they seem so different. and over time they do become part of the american project. but we have never had this many people from outside of europe. an

a comparison to eastern europe and central asia where 47 percent lived on less than $5.00 a day back then fewer than in berlin reuss but by 23rd. poverty levels there had only dropped to 14 percent leaving by the roots far ahead of the average. however the country's state subsidized businesses were behind the higher incomes and lower unemployment something many would call false accounting and bella reuss is still heavily dependent on russia especially for energy. of war i'm joined by maxine a son who called a fellow at the carnegie moscow center and deputy editor of carnegie dot roof good to have you with us let's start with the amazingly low poverty rate in belarus now a report just cited a wealth bank a study from 2013 the public the rates there was a one percent does that still hold in 2020 and and how did bellerose manage to bring the rates down since also drastically lower yes i think it's still it's still hopes molestation report is almost absent and bill are and the main reason for that is there to. preserve many social qualities from this show your tax drain russian subsidies

but neither he nor the rulers of eastern europe couldn't ignore the much louder chants of demonstrators in the streets, in the churches, in the schools, factories, farm. a once silent people found their voice and with it a battering ram to knock down walls real and imagined. because of them, the political math of europe has been rewritten. what about the museum? well, if you go to the reagan museum, which i highly recommend. i think it's wonderful, i have been to many of them. i think the reagan museum is exceptional. when you go there, you come upon, if you get to the large foreign policy section, and once you get through it, there's these doors, as you can see here from my amateur photography. as you look through it, this big sort of video playing of reagan and gorbachev, and what they did to basically bring about an end to the cold war, through peaceful negotiations. and there are exhibits all around the room that sort of talk about how did this end, why did the cold war end. all of those exhibits emphasize reagan working with gorbachev. reagan talking with gorbachev. you know, negot

expansion of the low you saw in the bay of biscay it's all moving slowly east germany through eastern europe leaving was suggested maybe only the fast science is reliable would be late summer sunshine so if you want some reliable sunshine was a good place to go in sicily enjoy it thank you and i'm sure have. still ahead for you here on al-jazeera 150 days of lockdown and counting argentines question the effectiveness as the infection rate their clients but also hear why the entire government and that could oil gainey has quit. miss south korean golfer is on target for a winning return on the p.g.a. tour that's all coming up with char and. stories of life. and inspiration. a series of short documentaries from around the world that celebrate the human spirit against the odds. al-jazeera some. progress. or a serious mistake. intelligence is slowly invading every aspect of our lives. but very few of us really understand its capabilities for better or worse. in a new documentary all just 0 explores the impact of they are accessing vast amounts of our personal data data live on al-jazeera. hello a

but first, of all of the revolutions that swept across eastern europe just over 30 years ago, the overthrow of nicolae ceausescu and his wife elena in romania was the bloodiest. the uprising began in the western city of timisoara, where a local pastor, laszlo tokes, took a stand against the authorities. the unrest started in timisoara, in transylvania, following the arrest of pastor laszlo tokes. laszlo tokes, who was an outspoken critic of the government, refused to leave when the secret police came to arrest him. several hundred churchgoers gathered to stop them. i did not want to become a revolutionary. but step by step, my attitude was radicalised because we had to speak out. he was a stalinist—type dictator. the romanian system became more and more cruel. we were under total control by the securitate, the romanian secret service. the church became a centre of peaceful opposition. i did not make politics. i only tried to express that we must obey god, rather than men. it wasn't just that he was a gifted preacher, he was the first man they had ever known who was prepared to stand up and

the journalist and author misha glenny — who covered central and eastern europe for many years on theote the best—selling mcmafia book — says the evidence points, in his opinion, to foul—play. it looks to me, very sadly, like a poisoning. until there is actual proof of this, we cannot be definitive but this is something that there is a pattern of over many years. i remember, in 2004, the journalist anna politkovskaya, when she was covering the atrocity in beslan, she was poisoned on an aeroplane — a very similar event to what happened to mr navalny. then we had the case of alexander litvinenko here in london who was poisoned with polonium and of course the skripal case in 2018. this is something which is clearly in the arsenal of the security services in russia and it has been deployed. it is shocking that mr navalny has been chosen as a target, if this is true, because he really has been the single most important figure in russian opposition over the past ten years. so, it is sending out a real sign to president putin's opponents. one can see reasons why the family and supporters of