.— eastern europe.utin has done is brought nato back to its basic purpose. it was initially founded for. is about territorial defence of its member states in europe and instead of having a defence doctrine where we kept relative divide forces in eastern borders and if there were some sort of russian attack than they would be reinforced, nato might have to win back territory that russia had occupied, now it is going larger forces who russia had occupied, now it is going largerforces who are russia had occupied, now it is going larger forces who are going to be forward all the time, going to be based forward and even more forces at high readiness back on home countries, high readiness means short notice to move out of barracks. it means you need more troops because they have got to be training, they have got to have time to read as well. more equipment, better transport, better logistics. it is a very extensive reorganisation of the armies and in the case of the uk the british army has been the cinderella

and if anything were increasing air force levels in eastern europe. and given that we have limited bandwidth, we want to spend a lot of time focusing on china and dealing with our allies in east asia and not focusing on eastern europe and dealing with the ukraine crisis. but of course that's we're doing what we're doing. so we're in a lot of trouble in the sense that we've taken our eye off the most important threat facing us, which is china. and instead we've helped create a threat in eastern europe that should not be a threat to the united states. or there are 2 elements of that of john that are very interesting to me. one is that when the bite administration came in, of course it was engineering, the so called pivot to asia, had sent it secretary of state national security advisor and our secretary of defense from united states to kind of wrestle with the chinese over things. and it sort of seems like vladimir putin, russia saying, hey, remember me, i matter to, ah, and, and we've seen the russian invasion of ukraine, the death of many tens of thou

only now did it take place to show that central and eastern europe in the person of president iohannis and western europe in the person of scholz draga and macron are the only ones support ukraine, which means that they support the eastern european policy of the european union in general, and here we can only expect full solidarity and support, an important element, in my opinion, is also what is on the eve during the visit, while in the romanian constance , president macron made very strong statements with strong messengers, saying that these messages should be heard in ukraine, or that europe should send one clear message to ukraine, and it should be a strong political message, of course, in ukraine, it would be more desirable to send weapons to tanks and artillery, but also a clear message, in particular, regarding the status of a candidate for ukraine in the process of acquiring membership in the european union is also very important, and it is obvious that other countries of the european union are very are largely focused on berlin, paris and rome, and we can hope that strong mess

or exchange with the russian side , we will not follow the development of these events . and eastern europe on why is it expected to be focused? well, it is expected that the russian war in ukraine is a leading topic actually er-e it is the formation of nine eastern countries of the eastern flank of nato that was actually created after how russia started the war in ukraine in 2015 after seizing the inertia of crimea, and these countries united, let's say, united in order to coordinate their efforts, and now we are talking about serious issues, in particular, for example, there is a lot of talk about changing nato's position in eastern europe the need for this change because until now, according to the agreements that were in the founding treaty of nato and russia, it was foreseen that on the newly created or new members of nato on the territories of those new countries in eastern europe, for example, there will be no there should be permanent bases, but now there are very loud voices that it is obvious that russia , by starting a war against ukraine, has unilaterally violated these agreemen

connected with the escalation that the united states and its european partners are conducting in eastern europend actually. these literally the last few years, during which the militarization of ukraine was escalated, weapons were transferred to the east of europe, a curious detail a few months before the start of the special operation. in ukraine , the american press noticed that the shares of the five main contractors of the pentagon began to be actively bought up by representatives of the us congress, as if they knew something and yes. rose by about a third according to financial analysts, a leading weapons manufacturer. the united states has already earned about 30 billion dollars from ukrainian supplies, onion hit martin produces haima. targets together with rating javelins, rating independently makes stingers boeing missiles shells guidance systems general dynamics small arms, ammunition equipment. all this has recently been in service with the ukrainian army. delivery directly to ukraine, it does not give much. not financially inferior. but the supply in the conditions of the ukrainian c

they were actually running scheduled services in parts of eastern europe, and even france. ution on the railways, with some expresses travelling at over 300 kilometres an hour. and, interrail has been transformed as well, now open to anyone of any age. and, forget the old paper pass, interrail now comes as a smart phone app. but, before you jump on—board, here are some things to look out for. the fastest trains in italy, spain and france require you to pre—book a seat, and pay a supplement of 10 euros 01’ more. yes, even though you have already got a interrail pass. and, since brexit, the 3—1 pass could push the british traveller slightly over than multi—day limit for the so—called schengen area. using as much as you legally could would mean no visit to those countries for 90 days, before or afterwards. depending on where you're going, interrail could prove a false country. in eastern europe, portugal, and on the classic trains of europe, ordinary tickets are very cheap. and, in luxembourg, all public transport is free. so, how to make the most often interrail pass? i'm goin

the sense of purpose, i uk and others and sent into eastern europe. nse of purpose, this is an alliance that _ europe. the sense of purpose, this is an alliance that just _ europe. the sense of purpose, this is an alliance that just three - europe. the sense of purpose, this is an alliance that just three years. is an alliance that just three years ago. the — is an alliance that just three years ago, the french president - is an alliance that just three years ago, the french president called i ago, the french president called brain-dead — ago, the french president called brain—dead and _ ago, the french president called brain—dead and so— ago, the french president called brain—dead and so the _ ago, the french president called brain—dead and so the fact - ago, the french president called brain—dead and so the fact that. brain—dead and so the fact that frankly— brain—dead and so the fact that frankly the _ brain—dead and so the fact that frankly the ukraine _ brain—dead and so the fact that frankly the ukraine war- brain—dead and so the fact that frankl

to bulgaria will already be put into effect, that is, on the whole of this volume, the central eastern europethose former new nato members will be increased the infrastructure will be greatly strengthened in this eastern flank. by the way, mr. pansky very aptly said that these countries of the eastern flank somehow understand ukraine best and support its membership and says that russia looks at the same lithuania differently than we say that if ukraine and others members of the european union and the western civilized community look at the sheet that is probably an independent state from russia, look at the soviet republic, look at the countries of central and eastern europe and even the former communist bloc as some kind of sphere of influence of its influence, that is, a completely different philosophy. well, in conclusion, i will also say that discovarians also broke down these days during themselves, that is also to go for what, for example, boris johnson, the british tournament about what is not, it is not necessary for ukraine to somehow clean for the sake of peace, for the sake of some

hour we will also have an inclusion with an analyst of the stockholm center for the study of eastern europe address umland, but first of all, i would like to hear from our experts how they saw the actual visit of world leaders to ukraine on the eve of the conclusion of the european commission on the e-e application of ukraine to receive the current status of a candidate for eu membership, and this decision should be made already today, we hear many positive signals, after all, yesterday we heard in the evening video address of the president and supreme commander of the country volodymyr zelenskyi that will be during in the coming days today tomorrow a significant amount of positive news for our country we are still waiting for it the visit of the leaders of four eu states at the same time, an unprecedented visit since the beginning of the war, unprecedented support and meetings in the format of rammstein 3, let's start with oleg sakyan . defense capability to influence the russian-ukrainian war is also quite significant. what happened with the visit of the four leaders to kyiv was in many r

europe and a. build-up of nato rapid response forces in eastern frontline countries. n of the american presence in europe about this today. uh, said president joe biden, look, we're going to keep adjusting . our position depending on the current threat, and in close cooperation with our allies here in spain, we are working to increase the number of destroyers located near naval bases from four to six destroyers. in poland, we plan to establish a permanent headquarters for the us army corps in order to strengthen our interaction with nato on the eastern european flank. we are going to deploy an additional team of more than 2,000 people headquartered in romania. in addition, we intend to to strengthen the already existing military formations and create new ones in the baltic countries. we will also send two additional f-35 squadrons to the uk to increase our movement and create additional maintenance stations in germany italy this is the american military presence in europe and regarding the buildup of the rapid reaction corps in the countries of central eastern europe a

doubt of the british that the british will be able to protect the countries of the central in eastern europe doubt of the british military that the vast majority of the countries of central and eastern europe will be able to resist russia on their own. this is a very important point, because really, if you evaluate the military potential, only poland is now able to defend itself against russia, all other countries, for them, the calculation, taking into account the experience of the ukrainian army, the ukrainian window for them, experience shows that they can last a week at the most , and even more so, germany itself, let's say now it is in the best condition italy is quite weak about france well eh, but surely what are the goals of eh, why are the positions of the shulka macron dear, why are they so restrained because they believe that even under the worst conditions, putin will go only to their borders, that is, to eh actually, those territories that were in quotation marks under stalin , that is, during stalin's time, it's no coincidence that putin has repeatedly identified himself and co

to raise questions about the deployment of the division under the command of the generals of eastern europee russia will be designated in the nato concept as a direct threat to russian resources. so the west wants to get them as cheaply as possible in europe energy crisis before the start of the heating season in germany a little less than 100 days, the population is called for austerity in spiegel, an article came out as a headline. we are gas junkies celebrated germany has lived 60 good years with cheap russian gas, this is what caused the prosperity of the germans. not a word about the fact that anti-russian sanctions are destroying the well-being of europe, all problems can be solved by the launch of the nord stream-2 gas pipeline. what the germans do not agree to because of the extremely harsh pressure of the united states in the states themselves, the unity of the americans as a nation is split. in the risk zone, an influential publication writes about this. yes, and the atlantic marks the united states divided into red. where there are more republicans and blues, where everyone run b

into mess al strikes. russia says it used long range artillery to heads, tongues delivered from eastern europe. the green says the strikes targeted civilian infrastructure. russian president vladimir putin is threatening to escalate the war if the west sans ukraine long range missiles. sunday morning in ukraine. residence of keith began their day with smoke billowing from missile strikes the worst to hit the capital in weeks. both ukraine and russia have confirmed the strikes while those lakers with russian air force is long range, missiles destroyed 272 tanks on the outskirts of keep supplied by eastern europe and other armored vehicles located on the premises of a car repair business was michel no cripple for larry montgomery theatre, but in keep residents who are cleaning up in the aftermath dispute the claim fulltime some workshops were hidden them on it. but what is there here? there's nothing more machine tools where you, what could be that is what i'm, what is there military equipment or something? it's a peaceful factory and non military keep has been relatively calm since russia withd

nato has explained in more or less detail what exactly a nato build-up of military presence in eastern europe, we do deploy additional units on the eastern flank. now the second member countries. nato has increased the number of forward deployment combat units, the second important element is the transfer of certain types of weapons, placing them in forward positions in advance, because when we need to quickly deploy troops, then everything rests, as a rule, on the transfer of heavy weapons. this takes the most time, so the idea is to place heavy weapons on front line in advance ivan alekseevich how serious this is for us and what consequences it will have for the european security system before i answer exactly this question. i would like to pay attention. the next thing is that stoltenberg is a very difficult position, because he actually should have been narrower. and the secret general of nato and the head of the central bank of norway norway and i have the impression that when he makes these statements. he thinks so, but i will still return home and begin to answer for finances and how i

eastern europe at the same time, russia will be designated in the nato concept as a direct threat; it russian resources for wanting to get them as cheaply as possible in europe . energy crisis before the start of the heating season in germany, a little less than a hundred days, the population is calling for austerity. in spiegel. the article came out headline. we are gas junkies celebrated the frg has lived 60 good years with cheap russian gas, this has become the reason for the prosperity of the germans . he can decide to launch the nord stream 2 gas pipeline. what the germans do not agree to because of the extremely harsh pressure of the united states in the states themselves, the unity of the americans as a nation is split. in the risk zone, an influential publication writes about this. yes, and the atlantic marks the united states divided into red. where there is more republic and blue where everything is run by democrats in blue, the cost of living is more expensive. there are more unemployed and homeless in the reds, less taxes, and they are more conservative. and the further th

you are an expert on us russia relations, and that is the road to war in eastern europe. how did we get to this point where europe is seeing its first major land war since world war two the possible exception of the breakup of yugoslavia a civil war. so let's begin with something. i usually stay away with stay away from rather my day-to-day podcast and that is what's happening on the ground. we want the podcast to survive forever not become dated, but i am curious as to what you think about why russia's invasion? has gone so poorly at least from a russian perspective not achieving any major objectives yet. well, i think there are a couple of factors it begins i think with a ambition that was unrealizable from the beginning in this ambition was to dominate entirely the country of ukraine to knock out its government. to put in a puppet really to take control in some way. maybe not over all of ukrainian territory. but over most of it now, it's a country. that's roughly the size of texas a population a bit less than 40 million people and the russians came in with a with an ar

the region of 12 billion will go to all kinds of kaushki, and which work in the direction of eastern europe well, europe as a whole is european. the bank for reconstruction development and so on, so here is an example of only 20 billion - this is precisely military assistance to us, but this is the money that the pentagon receives in order to replenish its reserves, and it sends the already available reserves to ukraine, the scheme works as follows american the military-industrial complex is enriched not so much at the expense of deliveries to kiev for america, these are pennies, but at the expense of state defense orders, which will follow later, when it will be necessary to replenish their own, not that much depleted stocks of weapons, the military-industrial flywheel. do not stop the scheme, proven for decades. and this does not speak of the military psychosis about the notorious russian threat that the military-industrial complex lobbyists are fueling in american society through the media through think tanks through congressional senators and even through members of the white house admi

one of the largest markets in eastern europe in kharkiv is gradually resuming its work in the spring.he russian shelling destroyed hundreds of pavilions, soon the workers of the complex began to show the whole world that they could not be defeated by shelling, these shots on the network collected thousands of views, the cook prepares georgian dishes right in the middle of the destroyed streets and treats the guests, the story of amiran themaladze, so- called man, and the story of his colleagues who gradually get to work, see in our plot, invite me to the verkhovna rada and i will run a restaurant and i will cook well next to spa leni, according to amyran, her cafe prepares traditional georgian cuisine, his premises were also badly damaged. however, he still works normally calmly. people come and ask him to call me as a shashlychkov of a tight georgian free place. it works properly, so that people can sleep peacefully. this kharkiv market, before the full-scale invasion, was the largest in eastern europe and paid into the city treasury. hundreds of millions of hryvnias in taxes after m

europe and theec role of the u.. department energy of the larger u.s. government in supporting these a lot of infrastructure systems and policies in eastern/central europe a special which will support a secure diversified european energy sector which will make them more secure. i am appearing before you all as you well know at a very troubling and disturbing time. in addition to therb tremendous humanitariantr consequences of russia's war against ukraine, russia is also i instigating an energy were affecting countries throughout europe. as a result eu's department of energy along with colleagues throughout the government are redoublinghe our efforts to bolster european energy security and accelerate regional and global net zero energy transitions. the energy war has also clearly hit home. vladimir putin's accidents in oil markets reeling, raising the price of gasth at the pump, ands going to need for the us government to work with our european allies to find affordable and diversified global energy solutions that will secure a clean energy future. stated bluntly, this conflict starkly reinforces the national securityty importance of our energy investmen

forces will be created which will be developed or the baltics in poland in other countries of eastern europeghbors of ukraine and there will also be nastenbais on alert so you can be on the alert in the territories with e- are the non-nato countries of western europe and they will be ready to quickly show some provocations or some attacks by russia to present themselves there, and in these countries from the baltics to bulgaria there will already be infrastructure , weapons will be created, weapons will be stock up on fuel here, everything will be ready for them, fueling the attack, why is it important, because earlier nato's strategy was that if russia attacks, it will occupy there, and then in 180 days in six months, we will liberate these territories, but there is a lot of criticism of the countries of this eastern flank by their e-e leaders that this principle does not work, russia is destroying everything from the second city will destroy the peoples of these states, especially the small baltic states , that is why it does not work, we need other strategies, that is why nato will now be

the wake of russia's invaion of ukraine, nato shares it comcerns about vulnerable members in eastern europeave a special report on the extremely close encounters ith the russian military. —— encounters with the russian military. and, a buzz lightyear animated film, featuring a same sex kiss, is banned in 14 middle eastern and asian countries. hello and welcome. the first flight taking migrants who entered the uk illegally to be resettled in rwanda is set to leave today. about seven people are expected to be on board, although three of them are understood to be planning to appeal. the head of the un refugee agency said the policy set a catastrophic precedent. our home editor mark easton has the story. dozens more asylum seekers arrived on the kent coast today, 37 men who the government says should potentially face removal to rwanda because they've travelled from france, a safe country. and this is the boeing 767 chartered by the home office to take the first group of asylum seekers on a one way ticket to rwanda. the plane can take around 200 passengers, but a maximum ofjust eight asylum seek

well, that is just money that will be issued to poland in ukraine and other countries eastern europeo finance its own this entire military machine. well, the remaining amounts, there, in the region of 12 billion, will go to all kinds of donations, and those who work in the direction of eastern europe but also europe in the whole european development bank for reconstruction and so on, and therefore here uh, an example of only 20 billion - that's it military assistance, but this is the money that the pentagon receives in order to replenish its reserves, and it sends the existing reserves to ukraine, that is, the scheme works as follows the american military-industrial complex is enriched not so much by deliveries to kiev for america, these are pennies, but by state defense orders, which will follow later, when it will be necessary to replenish their own, not so much depleted military-industrial flywheel armament stocks. do not stop the scheme, proven for decades. and this is not talking about the military psychosis about the notorious russian threat that the lobbyists of the military-i

the biggest threat since the end of the cold war. 50 jets are testing allied air defenses in eastern europee past is always present. russia remains the main threat. this jet pilot is playing his part. ready for the camera, it looks like a top gun movie scene. but this is serious business. these exercises suddenly became real. unknown aircraft was flying close to nato airspace. these jets are just coming back. from which country was that? >> non-nato military. >> russians? >> don't ask. >> nato declassified the incident for the. it was a russian plane. this footage from the cockpit shows how close he must get to deter russia. from -- one wrong move and things would escalate, especially since relations between moscow and nato are in crisis. as part of the nato exercise, lithuanian soldiers are also testing ground air defenses. the baltic nations sits on russia's doorstep and is a frontline member of the alliance. >> the current presence is not enough to deter russia and to respond from the first minutes to possible excavations -- escalations which can take place beyond ukraine, in lithuania a

nikolayevich well, it is obvious that these forces will be mainly in eastern europe.ic, because in recent years this has been an important area for them. and an attempt so far failed to include. e in the alliance. this is also a step in this direction in the north well, of course, they have in the main focus is e, eastern europe and of course. eh, you understand, it's like this, if you like, how to expand nato when it can no longer be expanded further. and let's not expand it then, and we will move troops further and further east, more and more troops in the east. this, of course, is completely contrary to our interests, our approaches to what european security should be, but this is also the thing from which this path, from which they can no longer turn, and besides what they want, they also they can, because so many words have been said, russia has been declared an enemy. uh, the feeling that e ukraine does not even feel, realizing that ukraine is losing, despite the fact that with all the large-scale assistance from nato, uh, this defeat is impossible for political

assistance to the former soviet union in eastern europe. he later served as the state department's afghanistan coordinator. and as director of the iraq reconstruction management office in baghdad. following the discussion, we will allow time for questions from our audience both here and online. for those of you following us online, the question box is on the event webpage. thank you again for joining us today. i will turn the floor over to chuck. chuck: it is my first time in the building. it is a beautiful building. let's get started. we have a lot of news from the president. i want to take a piece by piece. . >> let's dive right in. it is my first time in the building. i want to take it piece by piece. president biden tried to split hairs. my question is, so what? the russians are offended. there is that aspect of it. >> it is great to have you in this building. thank you for getting us started. i think this is a big deal. the war in ukraine, provoked an unjustified by the russians has gone into its fourth month and it is shifting locatio

policy, then what is said in this russian doctrine that yes, russia should take over central eastern europee should give it to germany because, uh, with the catholic world , someone has to control it, this catholic light, germany will be such a guardian, but with a clear projection on moscow and not on washington grigory e. this child is also certain in a certain sense, she also er provokes germany to occupy a central and political role in europe, it cannot be said that such thoughts are er dominant in the german political community, but they are also, you know, raising the ambition of hryhoriyu. i am very grateful to you because this is a very important clarification hryhoriyu perepelitsa , conflict expert, director of the institute of foreign policy studies, professor of kyiv of the national university was in touch with us only news together we are strong will support the ukrainian army with money scan the code so the marathon continues only news and now we are in direct contact ruslan strilets, minister of environmental protection and natural resources

it is implemented by the swiss-ukrainian gap program of the eastern europe fund together with the ukrainianelsinki union, and it was created for those people who cannot to use legal aid, but suffered from the action of the military aggression of the russian federation, in order to use it, first of all, you need to collect evidence, it can be a photo, video, etc., an act of damage property. we also advise you to apply to law enforcement agencies both nationally and abroad, and accordingly, only with such evidence in hand, you can already use our service. it allows you to use prompts to create an application form to the european court of human rights. well, after that, a citizen can apply to branch of ukrposhta in order to send this application and we help in this as citizens, we actually paid for such a shipment to strasbourg, so really sending is free for all applicants but what is it called online? this means remotely, because the documents still need to be sent in physical form by ukrposhta . is there a certain resource on which the documents are digitized, or where the personal data must

oh, yes. mainly in certainly what's in eastern europe in eastern europe. we have our, some of our offices, our cultural center. so full cultural centers being close recently, like in slovenia, slovakia, my cydonia montenegro, and others. in fact, our overseas in cultural centers in united states and written were closed a lot here. our stuff was not expelled, but well, i will visit expired and not renewed. i guess that's in line with how the russian diplomatic personnel is being treated around the world. and i know that there is now a sort of re shuffling both in terms of how resources are allocated and how staff is distributed around the world. do you think and from what i know, the russian foreign affairs minister wants to pivot more towards the non western world as perhaps a more promising area of international cooperation? is that how you envisage your work in the future? different actually we started that shift for a while ago. what i will just answered also through the voyager. see a different market a, this is a kind of empathy a. so when i just star

a bot farm, it does not exist yet, but today we are starting a discussion in the countries of eastern europeries of europe so that we have a common field and the same legislative approaches to all that, so this is a complex name for a simple thing that we say because this is the first, friends, an interesting, important topic. we will continue in a few minutes. now we will have a short break for three minutes and we will return to the conversation .

a bot farm, but it does not exist yet today we are starting a discussion in the countries of eastern europeme legislative approaches to all that, so this is a complex name for what we are saying because it is also an interesting and important topic, friends. we will continue in a few minutes . break for three minutes and we will return to the conversation, watch the charity telethon embrace ukraine june 21 at 9:00 p.m. the landowners of zamyshch and freedom during the years of the hitler occupation, they all shot from 17 to 21,000 jews in the dnieper after the expulsion of the nazis, he remained under the attack of enemy aircraft, but he did not stop working for victory, as he does not stop, and now he is the first to meet those who are fleeing from the war and, despite everything, reliably holds the rear odnipryanyi is just space and dnipro - unconquered national information bureau collects and provides information about missing prisoners of war and hostages, deported and forcibly displaced people, if you are looking for relatives or if you have information about a missing person, call 4:4

ukrainian president vladimir zalinski called for more heavy weaponry of positioning his country as europe's eastern flank said, the wadded shore a here near russia does not choose whom and when to threaten equally. who in europe to ground safety, the russian aggression against ukraine, through his aggression against all of europe, a very simple against the united, your aquatic she, against every one of us, of them, against our values, all is lost, brought in that speech seamlessly. i respond, few of you must be united inertia vp. now president the european leaders pledged more military aid and backed immediate candidate status for ukraine, joining the european union. okay, now go had thought of ukraine belongs within the european family. i my and a milestone on his journey toward the you would be to receive candidate status santos. i'm a spiteful escondido. the e. u is set to discuss ukraine's candidacy on friday. but even if all member states gray, it could still take years 15 to gain actual membership. they double these roman contra rancor covered this highly anticipated meeting for us and told u

this is a big doubt of the british military in that the vast majority of countries in central eastern europeir own. this is a very important point, because really, if you evaluate the military potential, only poland is now able to defend itself against russia, and all other countries. for them, the calculation, taking into account the experience of the ukrainian army in the ukrainian window, for them, the experience shows that they will be able to last a week at their best. moreover, germany itself, let's say. in the best condition, italy is quite weak about france. well, uh, but for sure, what are the goals of uh, why are the positions of the scumbag macron dear, why are they so restrained, because they believe that even under the worst conditions, putin will only go to their borders , that is, to uh, for the capture of those territories that were in brackets under stalin , that is, during stalin's time, it is no coincidence that putin has repeatedly identified himself and compared himself with peter the first, then with stalin, and he cares a lot for him and he want to be so similar to thi

so the eastern europe central eastern europe was always divided by these big empires and and the whole war started out with the belief that monarchies and his empires and the colonial empires will be strengthened by the end of the war and they will live on and nobody expected that in fact, not one single nation will be achieving any of its goal that was set before the start of the war. especially nobody expected that all of the empires will be dissembling and and falling apart. it started with the russian empire and and ended with the austro-hungarian empire and on the ashes of these empires completely new states were created. or or nations reborn who used to be sovereign nations centuries earlier like the polls but lost their severity to the russian empire and so yes it it went through big changes very similar to the middle east very similar and the give the centennial of the war. a different kind of flavor a different kind of importance than it may have had for those in the west or certainly for the united states, you know, it's important to realize when i look out at all these young