a peaceful transition to eastern europe.dimir putin, with this invasion of ukraine, has en outspoken about how russia lost ukraine and he's trying to gain -- game russia back into the orbit of the russian federation. it will be interesting to see how mr. putin remembers mr. gorbachev and whether indeed there is some sort of marking of his passing in the russian federation. laura: was gorbachev concerned though about the eastward expansion of nato, and didn't he accuse the west of arrogance? >> he did not really accuse the west of arrogance. there was a discussion about what was decided about the expansion of nato and according to gorbachev, there was a promise that there would be no expansion to the east, of secretary of state baker. other stories have refuted this and has not included any sort of agreement at the time of his -- of the collapse. there's been a controversy as to the extent of whether the west promised mikhail gorbachev that there would be no extension of nato, but there was a long discussion and there have be

, northern europe, from central eastern europe all the way to turkey, to make such a visa wall ians, for ordinary russians, i emphasize that they could not just enter western europe so that they would have to go half way around the world to get to spain on the beach, for example, or to germany for shopping, what if all the countries in eastern europe simply refuse to issue visas to them and they will not be able to get through these countries yevshan gen will not be able to fly there, well, this will be a solution to the question of western europe, if they accept tourists, if it is normal for them to communicate with thieves and, so to speak, with war criminals who say that they are ready to overthrow berlin again, capture it, and then leave berlin itself for shopping. well, that's their business, then thank you, mr. ruslan, he joins our conversation with you. david stulik, senior analyst at the center for european values, prague, david, we welcome you. glory to ukraine, we are talking here about banning the prospect, for now, of course, a visa for russians, and i emphasize agai

and this is obviously related to the current situation in eastern europe, but also related to supply chain interruptions with china. we currently hear pro, massive pro here about massive problems in china, in terms of economic production and all these aspects play a major role for germany, which is highly dependent on the, on its exports. and there are more and also, and it's important to actually import of gas in parts off of off semi semiconductors and all the things we are exporting from the near east like eastern europe and the far east like china. and at the same time, the german government says a 2 floating liquefied natural gas terminals will be operational starting in the winter time, the countries gas, the storage facilities are 75 percent full. you know, what do you see regarding this scenario when it comes to energy supplies for the country, for the economy in germany? i think most people are, may be hesitatingly optimistic about this. so i think what we're, what we're definitely seeing is that the german economy, that german firms, but also private households are able to

that is a story for peoples across eastern and central europe.that is a story that will take us to ukraine. of course, ukraine, you can't put it in the category of prosperous, successful countries at the moment. it is a somewhat different story. that is where they wish to go. >> ukraine has held a special place in this equation. another part of that optimism was that maybe the area of block politics, block strategy would come to an end. we have another dividing line and europe again. ukraine happens to be on the run inside of it. for all intents and purposes, they are getting article five protection in a way. we'll get back to the present moment in a bit. was that an unrealistic expectation that the era of bloc politics would go a? >> i would urge as much precision as possible. there was a hope for a new world. for this broad cooperation that russia, china, the united states would all be integrated in some kind of collective system. it goes back to woodrow wilson, dreams of world cooperation and world order. that was very much there. it's not as

and it's important not all the eastern europe, it's it's just the russia's direct neighbors.the experience is that there is a longstanding collective habit which is russian imperialism and this russian imperialism in a new package of russian nationalism has been spreading throughout the past 20 years. so, the cases of kenya georgia and crimea, of course, are the proofs for for such argumentation. it's very important because of course, you might say well, this is just fatalism and this is just thinking that russian russians are always like this, they have to behave like this. no, it's not about this, it's about knowing what the historical patterns were, what is probable when the historic, when the historically grounded russian imperialism comes back yet again talking about russian imperialism. and if we're looking at russia's russia's population right now, is there an appetite for more action for to attack more countries to bring them back into the fold? with the average russian, i think the so called war party of mobilized nationalists who realally pursue a very open revanchi

well, they say that europe is very active, especially the baltics and eastern europe, asking the unitedtates to increase the production and provision of weapons for so that they too can feel safe so that they too can feel that they are protected from a possible new attack by russia. well , what is happening in particular, looking at the experience the use of hummers in the ukrainian army and this well, as they say, and the pentagon has absolutely effective experience now, all rocket salvo fire systems, hummers and drones, and counter-battery radars are asking for europe, and in particular eastern europe. the deterrence of russia, said the head of the ministry of defense of estonia, well, poland itself now declares that they absolutely urgently need petriv missile complexes, so they have already been ordered, but they are waiting for a long time, and they are the same heimers saw the effectiveness of the use of f16 fighter jets and abrams tanks in ukraine as well, i will ask you to see them on the screen in the near future. absolutely interesting story. well, this is how the washington p

, and there'd been the collapse of governments throughout central and eastern europe. there were all so for a time other socialist states that were set up in parts and areas of eastern europe that didn't last the soviet union was the only regime that lasted and it became a practical question. socialism really only became an issue after the establishment of the soviet union in 1917 before that. it was all theory there wasn't any socialist country that was attempting to run the means of production and so misus asked the question. well, how is it going to work? how are they going to know what to produce if you don't have the the market mechanism then you don't have a rational economy. so i think that particularly that mises influence take a great deal hayek, however, and that provides a segue to our next subject is that hayek? never considered himself to be a pure misessian and i think that sometimes his thought is an entirely understood for that reason hayek really did think that there was a reasonable place for government in society and it wasn't a comprehensive place o

it did not use massive forster keep eastern europe ah, in the empire. and with that, he deserves credit, but it is not that this was sung came in trying to undermine the system. he tried to, we formerly, as a young man, gorbachev study galore at moscow state university. he went on to forge a career and the communist party. eventually becoming its general secretary and leader of the soviet union. but the command economy gorbachev inherited was failing and there was shortages of food and consumer goods. which of try to fix things with glass? no stem perestroika reforms that were to revolutionize the soviet system. where the goal should you ladies, if we made more enterprise, more democracy, more organisation, and more discipline, then we will be able to bring perestroika up to full speed and give you impetus to developing socialism separately. his leadership also led to a revolution in relations with the west, face to face with you as president ronald reagan. gorbachev signed a treaty, eliminating an entire class of nuclear weapons curbing the nuclear arm

interview when i was in afghanistan of all places and sent me to bosnia but at the time that deal in eastern europe was in warsaw when it was the crucible of eastern development in eastern europe. some of you might remember the solidarity and the push against communism in the 1980s which was met with a crackdown of martial law and in 89 poland made the transition to the republic of poland with semi-free elections a and was on his trajectory of joining the west if you will both in terms of a liberal market economy and a democratic political situation so if there was stability in poland but chaos in sarajevo and basically i was sent to sarajevo . every two months or so i was allowed r&r back to poland and wrote an occasional story about polish politics, the fact that it has had showed up in warsaw was a sign of exchanges and i would go back to bosnia and deal with the issues of snipers and artillery shells, etc. and along about 1984 we began to pick up these rumors in poland that the polls had done the united states a great favor in iraq in 1990 and i couldn't confirm it. ididn't know what the rumors

you are an expert on us russia relations, and that is the road to war in eastern europe. how did we get to this point where europe is seeing its first major land war since world war two the possible exception of the breakup of yugoslavia a civil war. so let's begin with something. i usually stay away with stay away from rather my day-to-day podcast and that is what's happening on the ground. we want the podcast to survive forever not become dated, but i am curious as to what you think about why russia's invasion? has gone so poorly at least from a russian perspective not achieving any major objectives yet. well, i think there are a couple of factors it begins i think with a ambition that was unrealizable from the beginning in this ambition was to dominate entirely the country of ukraine to knock out its government. to put in a puppet really to take control in some way. maybe not over all of ukrainian territory. but over most of it now, it's a country. that's roughly the size of texas a population a bit less than 40 million people and the russians came in with a with an ar

we have this critical issue in eastern europe. south america is in bad shape.s world needs leadership. we have the responsibility to invest and participate in the development of all of our countries, certainly, if you want to be world-class, you have to -- >> we love chatting with you about this. thank you very much. about an hour into the trading session, we are slightly off the highs of the session. >> we are looking for at a fourth up week. the best one of 2022. it is on top of those gains in the month of july. the bear market rally continues. yields are lower, helping out. not helping is the stocks in nvidia. they are now expecting sales for the second quarter. fiscal year second-quarter $8.1 billion, gaining a bit of a drag. most of the revenue comes from the chips. natural gas dragging on the commodities on the expectation the current heat wave. as for what stands out on the others of natural gas, let's take a look at clean energy. the inflation reduction act was passed and a significant portion of that goes to clean energy. tesla up. we also see power hi

in kremlin, eastern europe saw a chance to breakfree from moscow.89, the berlin wall came crashing down. crucially, gorbachev refused to intervene to prop up the iron curtain. it was mikhail gorbachev became the terminator of the 20th century, who ended the cold war, who ended domination of the soviet union over the central and eastern europe. he dismantled this domination in the most willing and peaceful way, he let them go. most willing and peaceful way, he let them 90-— let them go. back home, though, there were _ let them go. back home, though, there were ethnic _ let them go. back home, though, there were ethnic conflicts, - there were ethnic conflicts, economic chaos, even an attempted coup by communist hardliners. it collapsed, but soon after, so did the soviet union. many russians still blame gorbachev for letting a superpower slip away. this person thinks that is unfair, he was deputy foreign minister under mikhail gorbachev. translation: mikhail gorbachev. tuna/mom- mikhail gorbachev. translation: ., , ., ., translation: he was a great ref

yes, for us, almost all of eastern europe, even those that have been unfriendly countries for us overof eastern europe leaked their old soviet weapons, which ukrainian soldiers know. uh, where is this technique needed and what we talked about before that about petals and even some of the soviet countries, along with ammunition for scattering a hurricane, and tornadoes gave their petals. and even on the screen you could see how they are different in color, taking into account. region, well, marat khairullin told us to include that polish and bulgarian as far as. yes? so today the americans, uh in europe, are handing over their technique. the one that they had was sold at a full price to countries, uh, our former warsaw dollar and eastern europe, and they themselves, uh, launched mechanisms and restored themselves. here are new samples of new equipment and so on. money is present everywhere, while nato is being significantly strengthened, it is being strengthened morally and psychologically in armament, and so on, and everything is directed against russia. we must forget and not hide mo

while central eastern europe is delivering a lot and even taking into account that there are there's a lack of certain capabilities now with century eastern european partners in germany. struct. step up a walk written closely. and also i think for a country such as germany, it's not the right approach just to be were to partner in the sense to do a little bit of what everybody else already has done. the germany should be more courageous now and also take up a leadership position in you and natal. i think that would be an aspect that would create more trust, especially with a partner in central eastern europe. nikolai, we appreciate your time in your analysis as we take a look at how germany has been transformed 6 months into the russian invasion of ukraine. mister, like a thank you. thank you. where the day's almost done the conversation that continues align. you'll find us on twitter either w news. you can follow me on twitter at brent golf tv. and remember, whatever happens between now and then tomorrow is another day we'll see that everything with ah, with ah to oh. or not to own.

it was gorbachev's, reformist, policies that helped unleash a peaceful revolution across eastern europe. in 1990 gorbachev was awarded the nobel peace prize for his key role in bringing about a new peaceful world order. internationally, he was highly regarded but at home he was increasingly under pressure. the economic situation was dire. the soviet union on the verge of falling apart, communist hardliners stage, a coup against gorbachev in august 1991. at the end of that year, mikhail gorbachev announced his resignation and the soviet union was dissolved with many russians holding him responsible for its demise. while the passing of mikhail gorbachev has triggered across the globe waves of emotions and reflections, and they all speak to the impact that gorbachev and his policies had far beyond the borders of the former soviet union. joining me tonight to discuss the legacy or to authorities on soviet and russian history, as well as foreign policy. angela stent. she's the author of hooton's world, russia against the west, and with the rest. professor stant is a senior fellow at the broo

poland that is, it meant that the whole of eastern europe would have to be liberated and a massive wargainst the soviet union would begin in the forty-fifth year. so i repeat, what was it? well, let's say an estimate, such a sighting shot, because there could not be any real hopes that it would be possible to defeat the soviet union at that time. the red army then far exceeded its combat capabilities. here are the forces of the allies and undoubtedly here , uh. i think i was invincible plans london to unleash the third world war did not come true in russia survived all the sanctions and showed unprecedented industrial and industrial growth and stella was a truly great power. without registration , the truck driver did not slow down the investigation of a major accident in the ulyanovsk region in time, in which 16 people died. and even before the investigation was blown up the day before, the car of the political scientist and journalist dary, dugin and in the mussel does not exclude the ukrainian trail, it was used in our emergency special military operation three times and thrice. sho

but the effects could also reach much further spanning across all of eastern europe, the black sea and turkey. richard black, a former republican party senator, for virginia, says western countries prefer to turn a blind eye to tactics used by kiya right now. there are such enormous force from the west, from the u. s. from nato. from the united kingdom. there's tremendous pressure from the western media to never say anything bad about ukraine and to make up any kind of going that you could say against the russians. that's becoming a little bit frayed. pete, the information is beginning to leak out, and people are beginning to say, you know, wait a minute. it wasn't russia that started this war. it was, they told they started the war because they forced brushes back to the wall where the president, he had no alternative for to defend the sovereign territory of russia. and he had to launch an attack to do that. in order to preempt the attack, ukraine was planning against the don bass. so we see a gradual shift in the political environment. and now you see more people beginning to slowly,

paragame, we will win that you are not news, together we are strong, if only the countries of eastern europeld openly declare how annoying they are with berlin's position thank you very much for your time and i congratulate you on the public after the publication focus published your appeal with colleagues, there were already two statements regarding the supply of heavy weapons by germany to ukraine, one related to three cheetah anti-aircraft guns which are already in ukraine according to the minister of defense and one more related to the mars systems that these news cancel your dissatisfaction no it does not cancel everyone who has even the slightest idea about how many weapons the russian side uses and therefore how many weapons the ukrainian side needs understands that this is a drop in the ocean it is no longer a secret for anyone that the german government is extremely reluctant to help ukraine with weapons. i think we will talk about the reasons for this. fortunately, our government has different opinions on this matter. if we talk about the reasons in your opinion, why the problem wi

he wasn't prepared to shore up some of these also rickety communist governments in eastern europe thatof course, what happened with gorbachev was he was thought to have destroyed the power of russia and a lot of people who, to this day, vicky destroyed the power of russia. and one of those, who has exploited that reputation that gorbachev had is mr putin, who takes a very different view of how russia should exercise its power. yes, and a number of people we have spoken to here today have made that point as well, former ambassadors and others have absolutely made that point. and i am interested that you used the word guts at the beginning, he had the guts to realise the arms race wasn't benefiting anyone. how much of his stance was just his sheer innate belief? hejust had that conviction? because did he have that conviction? because did he have that conviction? because did he have that conviction in the face of opposition from some, was a fundamentally grotty brave man because he was a very brave man. he: always had opposition and but what he was able to do was to look at the imperative

possible to make the final assembly of the missile, for example in some e-e country of central eastern europerily for example e-e but all the same, such cooperation would make the product itself cheaper for let's say for the participants it would be very important now let's move on, we're asking for the sam and we're asking for e-e and airiksets e-e anti-aircraft missile complexes and by the way, since 2016 we have been developing the koral anti-aircraft missile complex with a range of 30 km and but again, the developers say that they can increase the range to 40 km, that is, make their own ukrainian nasans, let’s say so. and this is quite real . and football purposes that is, it will shoot down missiles, these are not very powerful things. ukraine has several developments of powerful drones , this is the operational-tactical drone sokil 300 , which is very powerful, it can also be tactical drones, for example, the same helicopter-type drone that was demonstrated again during the arms exhibition of security if ukraine by the way, it is possible to manufacture helicopters in ukraine and this h

and now, by the way, the voices are still from there and the countries of eastern europe are alreadyng estonia, which no longer lets russians into estonia said that countries, in fact, decide for themselves who to let in, and who not. so, it is quite possible that there will be no unity in the approach, but there will be separate initiatives, which in fact are in separate countries. can mean almost total visa denials, we communicate with eu countries in our region. i think that in accordance with our national competence, in accordance with the principle of national security. we must decide on our own about entering our earth, i can remind you that people from tourist visas blew up an ammunition factory here in the czech republic i might remind you of salisbury. i could remind you of some of the killings that have been committed we see growing security risks after the start of the conflict all this annoyance, of course against the backdrop of today's gas news about the shutdown of nord stream on those gas services on the front pages, and some people think this is almost a mirror image

but at the time the post bureau in eastern europe was still in warsaw. basically a throwback to the era when warsaw was sort of the crucible of eastern developments in eastern europe. just some some of you might remember the solidarity trade union and the push against communism in the 1980s, which was met with a crackdown of martial law, but in 89 poland had made a transition to the republic of poland with semi-free elections. so poland was already on this trajectory of joining the west if you will both in terms of a liberal market economy and a democratic political situation, so there was stability in poland, but there was chaos in sarajevo. and basically i was sent to sarriable but we had a house in more so every sort of two months or so i would be allowed on rest and r&r back back to poland. i'd run an occasional story about polish politics the fact that bananas had showed up on the streets in warsaw etc as a sign of its changes and then i would go back to bosnia and kind of to deal with the issues of snipers and artillery shells etc and along about 19

anti- sofian union when you say we are which countries are poland romania all the countries of eastern europeries that are in the zone of immediate threat and we are now listening very much to the words of putin the countries western europe was underestimated, it will endanger it, it is possible to understand that europe is already different. europe understands the threats much better, of course, europe is still dependent in many areas, for example, in energy, this is a very acute problem, but not in my country. lithuania has made all the necessary changes, spent a lot of money to create the necessary infrastructure to be energy independent, we are proud that lithuania has stopped buying electricity from russian naftogaz, so they can't do anything to us in this regard" friends of energy resort from bells, this dependence on energy resources has accumulated over the past 20 years in germany, france and other countries. why do you think such an underestimation of the russian threats was created and convinced the minds of the politicians of western europe. in money, profits, cheap energy resourc

, reagan, reduced the nuclear arsenals of the two superpowers with a reformer in the kremlin, eastern europe itself from moscow, it was in kyiv at a meeting with journalists that gorbachev spoke for the first time about the reunification of east and west germany and in 1989 , when the berlin wall fell, he refused to intervene in order to preserve the iron curtain. there was a point of view like this, without blood, at that time his own country was already falling apart against the background of demonstrations for the independence of the republics, national conflicts and economic chaos, gorbachev began to lose control, and in august 1991, figures from gorbachev's entourage staged a coup d'état , which failed. gorbachev was then in pig in the crimea and found out about the coup, according to him, with the new bbc, then it became the best advertisement for the worldwide service. gradually, one by one, the soviet republics declared their independence and in in december 1991, the soviet union ceased to exist, president gorbachev resigned 5 years later in 1996, mykhailo gorbachev was in london wit

gorbachev did great things, but could not realize all the aspirations of the peoples of eastern europegermany and eventually russia, should remember him with gratitude for his ability to inspire for courage in promoting the action of freedom even if he turned out to be not able to withstand the pressures faced in remains as the man who launched a massive transformation for the benefit of the whole world, actor and former governor of california arnold schwarzenegger posted on social networks photo from his meeting with gorbachev mikhail gorbachev was one of my heroes. it was an honor and a joy for me to meet him. i feel incredibly lucky to call him my friend. we can all learn from his fantastic life ministry of foreign affairs. china issued an extremely brief statement regarding the death. gorbachev, mr. gorbachev is not a kind contribution to the normalization of relations between china and the soviet union, we mourn his death and express our condolences his family's brevity of the official peki. one can understand if you look at the violent reaction in the country's media space, there

with a reformer in the kremlin, eastern europe saw a chance to break free from moscow.crashing down. crucially gorbachev refused to intervene to prop up the iron curtain. it was mikael gorbachev who be came the terminator of the 20th century, who ended the cold war, who ended domination of the soviet union over central and eastern europe. he dismantled this domination in the most peaceful and willing way. he let them go. by now, his own country was breaking apart amid ethnic conflicts and economic chaos. gorbachev was losing control. in august 1991, communist hardliners staged a coup. it collapsed — but soon after, so did the soviet union. president gorbachev resigned and the ussr was consigned to history. many russians still blame gorbachev for letting a superpower slip away. many of the changes mikal gorbachev tried to make haven't lasted. democratic freedoms have been rolled back in russia and the arms race is back, and geopolitical confrontation. gorbachev will be remembered for at least having tried to end the rivalry between east and west. but i will remember him

and he just making the normal rash decisions just withdrawing his horses from eastern europe without getting any real guarantees for russian security he did without giving you the serious slogan that's going to get dr. george simoli, the senior research fellow at the global policy institute in london, thanks lot for joining us on the program. thank you. mikhail gorbachev have overhauled the soviet union's foreign policy by introducing the new political thinking doctrine which thought relations with the west and brought about the end of the costly cold war. corbet you have called for the world to be seen as united and interdependent. instead of divided into communist and capitalist countries, we saw the balance of interests of different countries as a way of solving international problems. universal values had to be recognized above all others, whether they be religious or national. the soviet leader also wanted to see the world free of nuclear weapons by the start of the 21st century. ah, she ended the isolation of our country. and she brought last most end freedoms. ah, he accompani

threats to latvia's national security the netherlands along with eastern europe, they spoke in favor of stopping the issuance of visas to russians. but sanctions, germany digging against such measures, offer a compromise option not to issue a long-term visa and to be more creative in a hybrid war, to focus european efforts on using bloggers, journalists and tiktok to turn russians against the authorities of her proposal. suspend the visa facilitation agreement no longer issue multi-year visas in order to to enable the states that are more affected by this issue, the police do not check for what purposes visas are used from words to deeds. the germans were the first to unilaterally suspend the simplified regime. this means that it is still possible to enter the european union, but the whole procedure becomes as long as possible, difficult and expensive, and there is no formal ban, but with such conditions. moreover, with the prices of air tickets, ordinary tourists are unlikely to want to visit the eu. and then each country will decide to let it in for itself or not, but a single euro

for europe as a whole, the countries of eastern and central europe under communist rule, for them tot was another time, another era. so it was looking much more hopeful place under gorbachev. gorbachev was more popular in western europe and the american president. that more popular in western europe and the american president.— the american president. that hope, where did that _ the american president. that hope, where did that go? _ the american president. that hope, where did that go? obviously, i where did that go? obviously, gorbachev had a plan, he envisaged a much freer more open society. what happened to that plan? in much freer more open society. what happened to that plan?— much freer more open society. what happened to that plan? in some ways, it's aood happened to that plan? in some ways, it's good that — happened to that plan? in some ways, it's good that he _ happened to that plan? in some ways, it's good that he didn't _ happened to that plan? in some ways, it's good that he didn't have _ happened to that plan? in some ways, it's good that he didn't have a - it's good t

also from harvard he is written a history of eastern europe. with that let me turn to john for 25, 30 minutes and offer a commentary and then open up. please feel free in the meantime to proceed to questions and i will do my best to get to them. you can submit those either through zoom. thank you. please, john. >> thank you for having me at the center today. si wanted to talk basically abot why or how i wrote this book on this remarkable alliance. to write about the destruction of the country during the civil war mostly involved in the capital. i've done a bunch of coverage before the associated press and having volunteers send me to bosnia. the post-bureau in eastern europe some of you might remember the solidarity trade union was the crackdown of martial law but made a transition to the public with the elections on the trajectory of joining the west in a democratic situation so there was stability in poland but also chaos. every two months or so i would go back to bosnia and artillery shells et cetera. to pick up these rumors and poland . to

, some countries of eastern europe, poland, slovakia, to a certain extent, the czech republic,d, for example, the north, finland, norway, sweden, in your opinion, why that is, the east and north of europe helps, and somehow i would even say so, understands ukraine more than the centers and the south of europe, first of all, the czech republic - this is not to a certain extent, the czech republic accepted the largest number of ukrainians per 10,000 of its population the largest among all european countries, the czech republic has constantly helped since the 14th year, having a comical president and for well, let's say that for er in the shadow of this president, the wonderful pro-european , patriotic czech government has always helped, even that government, the scandalous predecessor of the current government, and that helped ukraine that is, we have, for example, a very consistent position of the visegrad four, except, of course, hungary, because it is such a bastard of europe, but the countries of northern europe, they turned out to be for ukraine, well, more than take the cze