. >> i'd edith mitchell. i'm a professor at thomas jefferson university. and i am president of the national medical association. my question is related to the changing demographics in our country. it's well-recognized that minority populations are increasing in numbers significantly. and at a rapid pace. in using all of the information that you have discussed today, i wonder if one of you can comment on how we're using these processes to address the disparities that occur in minority populations? specifically with poorer outcomes in most disease states. how are we utilizing our information to determine the effectiveness in disparate populations and how can we use the value based outcomes to lead to equity? >> that's another example of what i was saying, are the challenges associated with saying that we can only proactively communicate what's in the label. because those subpopulations -- we have drugs that work in a broad population that have the exact opposite impact in a minority population, hypertension drugs as a classic example of that. we need to be a