virginia such as edmund pendleton, edmund randolph, the pennsylvania albert gallatin after them towns and babies were named, william jones, emergency cap and an opium trader who became secretary of the navy. they all matter. they all carried influence. we speak to fact which the popular imagination has ignored. we open with the line madison and jefferson were country gentleman who practice hardball politics in the time of intolerance. as much as as much as theirs was an age of enlightened propositions, it was a time of ruthlessness, back stanley. if the founders could have been said to be geniuses it's because they stay the history of government and to recognize that american government would always be torn by clashes of opinion. the republic had to be constructed to withstand is unavoidable often nasty clashes. what the founders did not anticipate was that strict political party organizations would form. they didn't even see the need for the president and vice president to campaign as a ticket. whoever received the second most votes became vice president. in supremely rancorous 17 '9

george mason and, george mason of virginia, and edmund randolph who was then governor of virginia refusedto sign it. and mason said he would rather have his right hand cut off then you sign a document. so there was a good deal of opposition at the constitutional convention. then the problem was that the election of the members of the state ratification conventions, and first of all, only white male landowners could serve in office, or vote. so that limited the vote. and in the case of pennsylvania, none of the small farmers had any representation at the constitutional convention. these were all very wealthy bankers from philadelphia. and patrick henry pointed that out, that people in pennsylvania were robbed. they had no say at the constitutional convention, and in the final