and as the great american historian edward ayers likes to say, i am a fan of revisionist history justi am a fan of revisionist medicine. the history of law and legislation is a particularly interesting case in part because lawyers and historians view and use the past in distinct ways. with the former, by vocation, having an instrumental view of the past. we're fortunate today to have with us both a historically minded legal scholar and a historian of the law. saul cornell is paul and diane gunther chair in law. saul cornell is paul and their chair in history at -- university. he earned his ph. d. at the university of pennsylvania. his first book was the city of the other founders, anti federalism and the dissenting tradition in america. 1788 to 1828. he subsequently published extensively on the second amendment in the history of gun regulation including his 2006, book a well regulated militia, the founding fathers in the origins of gun control. his articles have appeared in leading journals, such as the -- and the yale law journal. he offered the chapter on the right to bear arms in t