the exemplars here, i think, are robert oppenheimer and, again, edward keller. both of whom played vital roles in the manhattan project to build the first atomic weapons. oppenheimer, often called the father of the atom bomb, spent most of the -- much of the post-hiroshima years trying to limit the spread of nuclear weapons. so while oppenheimer worked to restrain the monster that he had helped to create -- and thereby earned the ire of the authorities -- edward keller worked asidously to place himself at the very center of the nuclear arms race and attained the kind of power undreamed of by other scientists. and he could do so because he was the most aggressive advocate of nuclear weapons including the use of nuclear explosions for civil engineering projects, creating new harbors with nuclear bombs, for example. when controlling the world's climate becomes central to the exercise of global strategic and military power as nuclear weapons did in the postwar era, which path will today's geoengineering researchers take, oppenheimer's or teller's? if decade's advoca