the edward levi, attorney general under gerald ford, edward levi guidelines very much similar to the fisk stone guidelines. put the, supposedly put the fbi out of the business of surveillance and intelligence gathering. unfortunately, the levi guidelines like the fisk stone guidelines were not law, they were just guidelines, and so they became chipped away until 9/11 when attorney general ashcroft announced that he was scrapping those guidelines altogether. now, we're back in the same boat. the attacks and the surveillance, the chilling effect on the arab and muslim community, the third time around on illegal immigrants you would have to think that there would be a better way. this is, you know, the third time it's happening. and just in the sheer, practical level it doesn't seem to work. so just to conclude i would say so the question is why does all this matter? it matters because the scapegoating of any minority curtailing the civil liberties of any minority is the first step toward curtailing the civil liberties of all. it necessarily brings with it surveillance. because we always