einar ottestadat stanford health care in california.instead of medicating her migraine, he's hoping to freeze the pain away with a device called "io- vera." it works by forcing nitrous oxide into a needle shaped tube. that's ice you're seeing on the tip of it... it... "the frozen water right" instead of just reducing inflammation like you do with an ice pack, the io-vera device actually penetrates the cold so intense it deadens the nerves that contribute to migraines. migraines. "and we clearly know these guys are involved in the head pain and in maintaining it, because patients do get better when do these nerve blocks." patients often feel a slight burning sensation when the cold touches the nerve. nerve. "when you feel that, that's actually a great sign. and after about 20 seconds as the nerve gets frozen, the pain usually starts getting better" other methods like botox injections, can also be used to block nerve pain. but the results are all temporary. doctors say the cold may offer longer relief. "at this point, i've been seeing probably six weeks at the lower end, but some of my p

. >> eddie redmayne, "the danish >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to take care of myself, i have to have a life of my own. and you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and sixth nomination for leonardo >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endove en endeavor endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandro. as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new you are the champion of

." >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to take care of myself, i have to have a life of my own. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and sixth nomination for leonardo dicaprio. >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endoveen endeavor tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandro. as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the champion of this endoveen endeavor endeavor. my

." >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to take care of myself, i have to have a life of my own. and you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and dicaprio. >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endoveen endeavor endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandro. as the history of cinema way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the champion of this endoveen endeavor endeavor. my team.

." >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to take care of myself, have to have a life of my own. d you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goes toto - leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and sixth nomination for leonardo >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much.. thank you to the acacademythank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratutehe other incredible nominees this year for their ununbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endoveen endeavor endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandr as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your way into history. what an unbeevable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of everybody at fox and new regency. you are the champion of this

." >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to take care of myself, i >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the champion of this endove en endeavor endeavor. my team. i have to thank everyone from the very onset of my career, mr. jones for casting me in my first film, mr. scorsese for teaching me so much. to mr. rick yorn, thank you for helping me navigate my way through this industry. need to work together and stop procrastinating. we need to support leaders around the world who do not speak for the big polluters, the big corporations, but who speak for all of humanity, for the indigenous people of the world. for the billions and billions of underprivileged people who will be most affected by thi

." >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to take care of myself, i have to have a life of my own. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and sixth nomination for leonardo dicaprio. >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. off, to my brother in this endoveen endeavor endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandro. as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the champion of this endoveen endeavor endeavor. my team.

." >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to take care of myself, i and you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goeoeto -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and xth nonation for leonardo dicaprio. >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endoveen endeavor endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandro. as the history of cinema unfolds, you haveorged your way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the champion of this endoveen endeavor endeavor. my team. i ha

." >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to take care of myself, i have to have a life of my own. and you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and dicaprio. >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endoveen endeavor endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the champion of this endoveen endeavor end

." >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to take care of myself, i have to have a life of my own. and you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and sixth nomination for leonardo >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endove en endeavor endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandro. as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the cha

." >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to take care of myself, i have to have a life of my own. and you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and dicaprio. >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endoveen endeavor endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandro. as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the champion of this endoveen endeavor endeavor. my team. i

." >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to take care of myself, i have to have a life of my own. and you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and sixth nomination for leonardo >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endove en endeavor endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandro. as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the cha

." >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that.r have to have a life of my own. and you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and sixth nomination for leonardo dicaprio. >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endoe endeav endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandro. as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the champion of this endoe endeav endeavor. my team. i have to thank everyone from the

." >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to take care of myself, i have to have a life of my own. and you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and sixth nomination for leonardo >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endoveen endeavor endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandro. as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the cham

." >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to take care of myself, i have to have a life of my own. and you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and dicaprio. >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endoveen endeavor endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the champion of this endoveen endeavor end

." >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to take care of myself, i have to have a life of my own. and you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and sixth nomination for leonardo >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first endove en endeavor endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandro. as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the champion of this endove en endeavor endeavor. my

." >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. have to take care of myself, i have to have a life of my own. and you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and sixth nomination for leonardo dicaprio. >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endoveen endeavor endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandro. as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the champion of this endoveen endeavor endeavor. my team. the

." >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that., i have to have a life of my own. and you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and sixth nomination for leonardo dicaprio. >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endoe endeav endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandro. as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the champion of this endoe endeav endeavor. my team. i have to

einar ottestad, m.d., director of acute pain service at stanford health care. instead of medicating her migraine, he's hoping to freeze the pain away with a device called iovera. it works by forcing nitrous oxide into a needle shaped tube. instead of just reducing inflammation like you might do with an ice pack, the iovera device actually penetrates the tissue to deliver a targeted burst of cold, so intense it can "and we clearly know these guys are involved in the head pain and in maintaining it, because patients do get better when do these nerve blocks," ottestad said. first, ottestad uses an ultra- sound to probe the nerves and map the pain response. with the targets mapped, he applies the iovera needle to systematically deaden the nerve endings at each point. patients often feel a slight burning sensation when the cold cannula touches the nerve. "when you feel that, that's actually a great sign. and after about 20 seconds as the nerve gets frozen, the pain usually starts getting better," ottestad explains. doctors several methods, including botox injections

einar ottestad, m.d., director of acute pain service at stanford health care. instead of medicating her migraine, he's hoping to freeze the pain away with a device called iovera. it works by forcing nitrous oxide into a needle shaped tube. instead of just reducing inflammation like you might do with an ice pack, the iovera device actually penetrates the tissue to deliver a targeted burst of cold, so intense it can deaden the nerves contributing to mcqueen's migraines. "and we clearly know these guys are involved in the head pain and in maintaining it, because patients do get better when do these nerve blocks," ottestad said. first, ottestad uses an ultra- sound to probe the nerves and map the pain response. with the targets mapped, he applies the iovera needle to endings at each point. patients often feel a slight burning sensation when the cold cannula touches the nerve. "when you feel that, that's actually a great sign. and after about 20 seconds as the nerve gets frozen, the pain usually starts getting better," ottestad explains. doctors several methods, inc

." >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to take care of myself, i have to have a life of my own. and you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and sixth nomination for leonardo >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank you to all of you in this room. i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endoveen endeavor endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandro. as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the champion of this endoveen en

." >> i promised -- >> einar is dead. we both have to accept that. you took care of me, but now, i have to have a life of my own. and you need to do the same. >> and the oscar goes to -- leonardo dicaprio. >> this is the first oscar and sixth nomination for leonardo dicaprio. >> thank you, thank you. thank you, thank you all so very much. thank you to the academy, thank i have to congratulate the other incredible nominees this year for their unbelievable performances. "the revenant" was a product of the tireless efforts of an unbelievable cast and crew. i got to work alongside first off, to my brother in this endoveen endeavor endeavor, mr. tom hardy. tom -- your fierce talent on screen can only be surpassed by your friendship offscreen. to alejandro. as the history of cinema unfolds, you have forged your way into history. what an unbelievable talent you are. thank you to you and chivo for creating a transcendent cinematic experience for all of us. everybody at fox and new regency. you are the champion of this endoveen endeavor endeavor. my team. i h