eisenhower" chester page jr. and elmo richardson explained that in addition to political concerns, eisenhower was also part of a culture so inured to segregation that he was blinded to the commonplace injuss that it fostered and the power hierarchies that it maintained. his acceptance of this system came from his life experiences such as growing up in kansas, where segregation was practiced. working in the segregated military, and socializing with friends who made jokes about black people. his experiences probably also made him instinctively aware of the violent response that would result from any attempt to change the system. quote, if we attempt merely by passing a lot of laws to force someone to like someone else, he warned, we are just going to get into trouble. unquote. with these words, i can imagine him echoing the thoughts of many white people in both the north and the south who envisioned a day when african-americans would be treated as equal americans and an equal part of society, just not right now, or

the corrections of official records like right here at the eisenhower and personal papers and eisenhower revisionists have constructed a new edge in which the president emerges as a capable, clever, executive that led the nahition with a strong hand and a clear vision. the new scholarship has enhanced ike's reputation dramatically. a new poll placed eisenhower ninth. he then in 1990 slipped to 15th. the sienna college research institute poll. ike had once again moved back into the top ten leaving aside some guy named kennedy. although the results now, this new appraisal had been significant, the revisionists had focused mainly on ike in the foreign policy sphere. they had not focused on ike in the domestic sphere. >> you understand why that is. it will sometimes be maddening. who is the real ike here? who is the real guy? some people have argued that eisenhower met civil rights reform with ambivalence, if not outright opposition. they say he failed to develop comprehensive policies and strategies required to implement school desegregation in the south. it was this failure that some revis

eisenhower? >> we can and will if you help. taxes have gone up steadily for 15 years the democrats say they have to go up more, help me put the lid on crazy government spendsing. >> eisenhower, answers america. >> my children hear so much good government crime, they think everyone is crooked. >> i know, too many of our politicians have told integrity down the river. we must bring it back to washington. >> general, if war comes, is this country ready? >> it is not. the administration has spent many billions in national defense and we have not enough planes nor the fighting in korea, it's time for a change. >> eisenhower answers america. >> they say i never had it so good, but my pension will not feed me or my wife. >> it's not your pension, it's the same with our bonds and social security, they have all gone down, yes, it's time for a change. >> eisenhower, answers america. >> mr. eisenhower, what are you going to do about taxes? >> we are going bring them down. and here is how. we are going to cut out the billions that washingt

that took place between eisenhower and nixon. where eisenhower was trying to dissuade nixon from being on the ticket for the '56 run for re-election, instead saying that it was in his interests to run d.o.d. and obviously, this must have came from personal conversations that ambrose had with eisenhower. but i imagine you have investigated the other side. what are your comments about what had happened in the run-up to the '56 and the decision made for nixon to stay on the ticket? >> first of all, before i answer, i forgot to mention david coleman. i don't know if he's here or not. is he? >> he is. >> is he here? >> right there. >> thank you, david. and over in the far corner with a shiny light on top of his shiny head is ken hughes who's one of the most brilliant individuals who works at the miller center. and if you want to talk to someone who really knows the tapes and the nature of the presidency, he's one of the primary people to speak to. besides being an awfully nice guy. the answer to your question is that ambrose normally

he was appointed to the bench by president eisenhower. he received the medal from president clinton in the 1990s. the longevity in the positions has its affect. i think on the issue of political correctness, juxtaposed with moral fiber and courage, probably going to get in trouble for saying this, i think we've desolved into the situation where there's a first box on the checklist which is i'm not so sure i characterize it as political correctness, but there is this need to find nominees who are going to be -- in a sense the last common denominator. so any kind of blemish in a nominee's record is likely to delay his or her ability to get through a process. it's gotten to the point -- if you can find someone who on the one hand is going to have -- low negatives, potential negatives, but nevertheless has the kind of moral fiber and courage that we want and expect from our judges, that the possibility is still there to thread that needle. frankly, i think there's an unfortunate by-product to that which is why would someone who has thrown the

eisenhower never got nailed. he never got criticized for the things that he told other people to do. whether it was massive retaliation or brinkmanship by john foster dulles, sending troops to vietnam allegedly by nixon, whether it was affairs, all of this stuff never stuck to dwight eisenhower. it always went to somebody else. and i spent you know, several -- to not enough minutes talking to dean about civil rights. now, just a taste for you all, i started out with three paragraphs on richard nixon and civil rights. i now have three chapters on richard nixon and civil rights. he was the lead person in public affairs under dwight eisenhower pushing desegregation, pushing equal job opportunity. he was next to lyndon johnson in 1957, bringing republican senators on board for the civil rights act of 1957. the story about lbj and richard nixon not getting along, i have their letters. they got along fine. they worked well together. richard nixon, taking all of these good will missions abroad, to get him out of town so

gelman, your research indicates that the eisenhower-nixon relationship was an a-minus. why is the more common, public perception that it's c-minus, d-plus. how did that come about? was it on purpose or just lack of research? >> well, since i already need a visa to get to harvard and let me into the boston area, what i think happened is this is that the academics who -- and author schlessinger, jr., of a wonderful friend of mine, but the academics who are in the ivy leagues and great graduate collars all supported almost to a man, richard hot stet ler, harry kulling aer, i mean, these are seminal figures in the historical profession. they couldn't get a life. every time they worked and worked and worked there was never a prayer for adly stevenson to defeat dwight eisenhower. the first time in 52 stevenson lost by 3.5 million votes. the second time he only lost by 9.7 million votes. it when these they taught grat watt system fares. when a brat was and nixon was, and it became the stuff of the rightings, and their graduate stings and it's lattsted until now. there's a biog

and it is a basis in eisenhower. eisenhower also thought of excessive force and also preached vaguely, obliquely, yes, we're going to use a nuke. no, we're not going to use a nuke. yes, mao, you'd better behave in the taiwan straits or we're going to bomb you. it is part of our arsenal. we can use it. ira ternus talks about this. it's a long involved thing. i think that nixon looked upon this coming out of the vice presidency. and part of his own presidency as part of his training, that it was an acceptable thing. here was the general of the army, the 800-pound gorilla, dwight eisenhower, who did, you know, the march all the way from north africa through france, et cetera. and based his position wherever he was on whatever force he needed to use. so there is -- i mean, there's just a myriad of ways we can go into this. if you want to talk about it later, you know, and go into it further. but that -- i really think his background comes from the training he has under eisenhower and the use of military power. >> apropos

every time patton -- eisenhower would say, george, have you seen eisenhower? he's back there in the car drinking tea. you see him back there. they wouldn't talk the each other. he'd come out, we had that meeting at 3:00 in the morning, we went there and hodges and marshall and brandy was there. we got there and eisenhower wasn't there yet. early in the morning, 3:00 in the morning. i heard eisenhower with the big cadillac, with the big cadillac, you know? where's your garrison hat and patton says where's your helmet you're on the front lines, you wear a helmet. you're on the front lines. he said yep, i don't have to wear it. okay. let me turn the jeep around. so we went back. we left him there. never heard nothing no more from him. nothing. so that was it. i said -- then eisenhower told him, my army is going to take this little town and so and so. okay. by time montgomery was in there, we went through that town already, you know? he always -- whenever he knew montgomery was going to do something he'd go fight for it. you know, he had a pattern of his own. he w

i mean milton eisenhower just -- i recall that milton eisenhower wrote negative things about nixon's trip to moscow. he would later say that he was embarrassed that nixon carried some of the family name with julia nixon eisenhower. milton is someone who probably deserves a lot more attention since he was the much more famous eisenhower in the 1930s, but i just think mostly it was a personal thing. >> there was a gentleman right there, right next to him. >> bill, i think you rightfully say we should look at the presidential elections as a conglomeration of 50 state elections. that got me to thinking about a couple names that i think would -- we'd benefit from hearing aur folks' opinion on. i know spiro agnew was originally a nelson rockefeller man. and nixon in his letters i saw in the nixon project was particularly impressed with with himself, that he was able to turn agnew away from nelson rockefeller and john mitchell had a lot to do with that. and, tim, i know you have covered a person wh i think is critically important to nixon's electoral success and is also not mentioned very o

. >> milton eisenhower. once i was in a taxi and i wanted to see how much information the general public was getting in a taxi driver. i said, eisenhower's coming over here. the taxi driver said, nyet, milton eisenhower. nyet presidente. >> next picture, jason. tanya, how did you come to be a guide? >> okay. it was -- it was actually a very interesting experience for me. i was graduating. it was my senior year at g.w. here in washington. somebody picked up a little article in "newsweek" magazine saying that the american government was going to put together a show and they were looking for 75 american russian-speaking guides. and i was very fortunate. i came from a russian family. tanya being a russian name. we spoke russian in the home. i had a great advantage over a lot of people because i didn't have to struggle with the language. and i went down to the usia office and had a very short interview and it was accepted pretty quickly. 75 young people. some -- i was one of the younger ones at the time. there we

eisenhower invited khrushchev, khrushchev invited eisenhower, they both accepted, if it had not been for the shooting down of gary powers in the spy plane which pushed khrushchev back against the wall, he had to rescind the invitation, eisenhower knew the general, my feeling is we could have come along a lot falsfaster getting out of the cold war if eisenhower had gone there. that picture that you saw in the beginning was actually my last meeting with him and he told me one of his dreams had been to go to the soviet union, that was dashed with that. and i think things would have been better, i don't know what your opinion is. >> eisenhower maintained a close correspondent with prime minister mcmillan of great britain. he, the single ally general, invited to moscow in 1945, he wrote to mcmillan the greatest disappointment of my political life, my entire political life was the collapse of the -- eisenhower was one of those generals who had seen war and hated it. eisenhower hated war. khrushchev, i lived in russia, among russians for years, so i have this. in my bones i feel about khrus

eisenhower would preside over this meeting. now, the nsc itself was created by the national security act of 1947. and it was established to give -- the people who pushed it wanted, essentially, to constrain the president by forcing him to meet with his primary advisers before he made decisions. because they recalled that franklin roosevelt made decisions the way he wanted to, and they didn't like that. and so, now, president truman was -- created -- was pleased when the national security council was created by law as part of the national security act of 1947, but he didn't want it to constrain him. he said the president is president, there's no committee making policy, we're not a cabinet system. therefore, when the, when it came time to have a meet, he convened a meeting, invited all the senior people, basically a handful of people -- secretary of state, secretary of defense, etc. -- and then they had a number of subsequent meetings that he just decided not to go to, so he would demonstrate his independence. it was only when t

eisenhower. >> that was taken, mcclellan was back home in california. eisenhower invited me to the office to thank us really, thanks to everybody. including the guides for fantastic job that we had done. >> who designed the exhibition? >> we had welton beckett subcontracted to italian contractors. we had the buck minister fuller was very generous, let one of his top colleagues come up with other ideas and they expanded his idea, and anodized the aluminum gold color, 75 feet high and could hold about 5000 people standing up watching the exhibits and things like that. it was, don't you think, tanya, enormous? >> wasn't jake macy involved? >> he was the usia, brilliant coordinator of this exhibition. and jack did a terrific job. >> did we get as much space from the soviets as we asked for? >> we gotten acre site and they got the coliseum in the heart of new york. it was easier for new yorkers to get but we had we had six months to build the exhibition, eisenhower was so interested in it that he arranged for mcclellan reporting to the secretary of commerce,

but eisenhower was not known as in support of segregation.er this unanimous decision, overturning plessy and overturning -- rendering school segregation unconstitutional. but ironically, it was during eisenhower's administration, a republican administration, that the first civil rights law was passed in many, many years since reconstruction. but eisenhower and the republican party -- well, i shouldn't say this totally. there were some pro-civil rights republicans back then, but certainly after the civil rights act was passed in 1964, the republican party became the party of opposition to civil rights. >> you talked a lot about how communism and black civil rights are kind of grouped together. i don't really see the connection between them and how they went about that. >> after world war ii, everybody thought that if we won the war, you know, and people thought african-american and civil rights activists, both black and white, thought of the war as a sort of double "v" campaign. victory overseas against fascism, and victory here against racism

eisenhower invited khrushchev, khrushchev invited eisenhower, they both accepted, if it had not been for the shooting down of gary powers in the spy plane which pushed khrushchev back against the wall, he had to rescind the invitation, eisenhower knew the general, my feeling is we could have come along a lot fals efaster gettin of the cold war if eisenhower had gone there. that picture that you saw in the beginning was actually my last meeting with him and he told me one of his dreams had been to go to the soviet union, that was dashed with that. and i think things would have been

eisenhower? >> we can and will.oday an average man with one child has $1200 in taxes squeezed out of his pay, yet the democrats say taxes must go up. but we will put the lid on government spending. >> eisenhower answers america. >> i'm 66, i can't live on my social security. nobody can. >> i stand for expanded social security and more real benefits. believe me, sir, if i am president, i'll give you older folks action, not just sympathy. >> eisenhower answers america. >> we retired on less than a $2,000 pension, and at today's prices we just can't live on it. >> with today's taxes and prices, you need over $4,000 to buy what $2,000 bought then. that's why i say vote for a change. >> eisenhower -- >> can we stop this and move ahead to the next one? okay. i'm sorry, that was, that was many more than i originally want today play for you, but you get the idea. he ran dozens of these, all 15 seconds, and they were really the first spot advertising and the first and maybe last for some time use of spot advertising like tha

, eisenhower, eisenhower on this cartoon. now, i ham a.m. not completely polyannish, there are serious things wrong with american democracy. but, can we say that those seri serious things are wrong because of advertising in general? and i think the answer is no. now, i would have charts and graphs, you can believe me this is the case. if we looked at, when i would be concerned is if one side had a voice and the other side did not have the voice. the swift vote, every time i would give a talk to associations and various groups, and someone would raise their hand and say what about the swift boats ad and it's listen, it's not my place whether the swift boat ad is wrong, accurate or not accurate. john kerry had plenty of chance to respond, they made a choice not to respond. and in fact, i think this kerry campaign actually responded a couple months ago, literally. the kerry campaign and move on, the media fund on the other side, actually out advertised george w. bush in 2004. you may agree or disagree with what was said, but it

we heard in the last talk about nixon and eisenhower. and nixon having been vice president and having gone through the rigors of presidential campaigns. did not, strangely, in 1968 give much or really any thought to who his vice president might be. which was rather odd because nixon had spent the past six years, since losing in 1962, trying to figure out how he could get elected president. in 1968 he eventually settled on spiro agnew who was then the governor of maryland. agnew had a reputation in his early political career of being a fairly liberal republican. he was not really that ideologic ideologically liberal, what he was not, however, was conservative. what changed with agnew, or seemingly change, although i argue there really wasn't much of a change, mostly in perception, was that when he was elected governor in 1966, he ran against an opportunist, george mahoney who ran on a segregation ist ticket. in 1967 and 1968, there were race riots in cambridge and then later in baltimore in april following the assassination of martin luth

you couldn't say eisenhower for the nomination, so he ran an editori saying eisenhower for president. latern, democrats nominated stevenson. we referred to them as eisenhower and nixon. the post wasn't wild about that either. anded editor told me one day, it's an embarrament. the cartoons are running and by the way, he feels very strongly about eisenhower for president, and i said well, if it's n embarrassment to phil, why not just drophe cartoons for a while and i'll just mail them out to the syndicate, which we did. well, then after a few days, phil decided there was no use doing that because people should realize that the post is a paper where the publisher doesn't try to put his imprint on everything in the paper, doesn't expect everybody to follow the lead of the chief from upstairs and all that, so the cartoons went back in the paper, and that's the only time that happened. >> there aren't many in the book here on jerry ford but here is one of them. "they can't say i'm no doing anything," and it's stamped with vetoes. >> it was kind of fun to do. he was doing a lot of vetoing an

eisenhower's driver during world war ii. this is about an hour. >> good morning, ladies and gentlemen. i hope that those of you who were here yesterday enjoyed the proceedings. i thought we had a very full program of interesting panelists and speakers. i hope you agree. and should get even better today, i think. thank you for getting up at this early morning hour on saturday to be with us for a full day of adventure as we listen to some great stories from some great heroes from a number of conflicts that the country has been in over the past 70 years. we take pride in the fact that we have a lot of students come to the conferences. different groups all three days. we're expecting yet more to come in today. i'm also proud to say that for the first time we have representatives from all five of the service academies with us. the united states military academy at west point, the u.s. naval academy in annapolis and the coast guard and merchant ma marine academies which are new this year. we want to build this representation up ev

. >> jeff, i have done a bunch of work on this and it is a basis on eisenhower. eisenhower also thought of executive force and also preached vaguely obliquely, yes, we're going to use a nuke. no, we're not going use a nuke. yes, mal, you better behave in the taiwan straits or we're going to bomb you. it is part of our arsenal. we can use it. ira talks about this in the apocalypse, but it's a long, involved thing. i think nixon looked upon this coming out of the vice presidency and coming out of his own presidency as part of his training. it was an acceptable thing. here is the general of the army, the 800 pound gorilla who did it through france and wherever he was and with whatever force he needed to use. there's a mir yayed of ways we can go into this and if you want to talk about it later and go into it further, but i do think that his background comes from the training under eisenhower and the use of military power. >> i proposed that although it had to do with journalives and not scholars also. he told me that he expected to be put under a microscope, that wh

eisenhower. eight years ago i had the highest honor of accepting your nomination for president of the united states. tonight i again proudly accept that nomination for president of the united states. bullet i have news for you. this time there's a difference. this time we're going to win. we're going to win for a number of reasons. first, a personal one. lies critically ill in the walter reed hospital tonight. i have talked however with mrs. eisenhower on the telephone. she tells me that his heart is with us, and she says that there is nothing that he lives more for and there is nothing that would lift him more than for us to win in november. i say, let's win this one for ike! >> pat buchanan. >> that was a great night down there in miami. i remember eisenhower's at walter reed, and i can remember when ike died aa few months later, i believe, and we were by then in the white house. the old man dais -- we called he old man by then. his limousine headed out to walter reed. that was a great moment f

eisenhower wanted peace. could we have cooled it? yes, we could have cooled it. do you realize during the cold war we produced 72,000 atomic weapons? am i ex-ager rating? does this have relevance to today? i leave that to you to judgment. we produced 72,000 atomic weapons. how do we, as a country, respond to challenge? are we paranoic? did a single politician say cool it, wouldn't he be accused of being soft on communism and lose elections? you can -- nobody knows more than i the faults of the soviet union and the responsibility for starting the cold war. but i want to say we often leapt down there in the pit with them and behaved just as badly as they did. >> i'm not sure i believe that. >> they were scared and we scared them. >> i can't quite buy, sure we were scared but there were reasons we were scared. khrushchev wasn't exactly a typical politician, he had blood on his hands. he did a lot of horrible things in his own country. >> what was he doing in '59? yes or no? >> i think he was trying to do things. >> he had his right wing on his side. our job was to t

eisenhower who did not paint her terribly well. you'll have to read it in the book have you haven't seen it yet. but she was shown through the staterooms and she said they looked like bianca or a bad convention hotel, but there was a reason for that, which was when the white house was reconstructed during the truman administration because of falling down, they scooped everything out of the inside and built new floors and so on. they ran out of money, so harry truman characteristically made a deal with b.altmans and they restructured the whole floor of the white house. and it looked that way. sometimes the restoration of the white house is sort of written off as interior decoration or just sort of superficial. she had to raise this money, which was not easy, she had to keep particularly to three advisers, architectural advisers, from essentially colliding with one another, harry dupont, and sister parrish, also, to some extent. so if anyone doubts her political skills, the fact that she was able to do all this, get it in on time und

one of the things they did, they thought dwight eisenhower was a stooge of the communist party. i can't imagine nixon -- why anybody would think nixon would sign on to that. the other thing is they kept on asking him questions about a loan that his brother had gotten from the hughes tool company. the fact he had to ask and answer time and time again annoyed the hell out of this guy. of course, there's that famous night when, okay, election night he loses and the famous press conference where he says you won't have dick nixon to come around anymore, kick around anymore. john elicman writes this was under the influence of a whole lot of scotch when he made that -- when he made that speech. nixon later on wrote that he never regretted saying that kind of thing. saying that at all. because he thought that was partially responsible for him getting more positive press coverage as he moved back up in the political life in through the mid-1960s. by 1968, he once again starts wearing the hat of the zen master. he has figured out probably before anybody else that tv -- that network tv new

he said with mordent wit, my god, it's like eisenhower, the worse you do, the more popular you become. he wasn't an admirer of ike. but today can you imagine if the bay of pigs took place? there would not be a rally around the flag mentality. so i don't know. i would like to be an optimist. we have the example of washington which is always there to inspire and to provide, i think, some very concrete, tangible, contemporary, relevant examples of leadership. but it's tough. >> how was washington able to keep under wraps the political rivalry between, say, jefferson and -- >> and hamilton? >> yes. >> here is washington's genius. and, by the way, if you want a contemporary parallel, look at dwight eisenhower, whose great hero was george washington and who was like washington, you know, the man who won world war ii didn't need a favorable story in that day's new york times to burnish his reputation. eisenhower and what became famous as the hidden hand approach to the presidency, the idea of pulling strings in behind the curtain in many ways because ike didn't need the ego gratification of

president eisenhower is walking around the white house in golf shoes leaving holes in the floor. but i felt sorry for mimi. to have been succeeded by jacqueline kennedy was not the easiest thing on earth. >> i think no but as mrs. kennedy said that thing w-- things would drift to her ear that mrs. eisenhower would say i hear they made the state room purple. >> between the two you get more from hearing her speak, i had an alarming moment in my car and i had them all loaded and i had a cd from keith richards in if cd, took understanding to figure that out. >> i think she would love that. >> where do you think -- do you think your readers and her readers, i mean, are they rea r readers or should people -- >> i think when you read it you can perhaps absorb what is said more. but when you listen, i think you are right, ted, this is true for most tapes of this kind, you get a sense, in fact i heard caroline talk about this. you heard her voice and there are shades of meaning that you cannot get from reading the words. >> we are now at the part of this event where we are taking question

, eisenhower, eisenhower on this cartoon.ely pollyannish there are, obviously, serious things wrong with american democracy. but can we say that those serious things that are wrong with american democracy are because of advertising in general and because of negative advertising in particular? and i think the answer is no. now, i have all other sorts of charts and grafts that believe me this is the case. when i would be concerned is if one side had a voice and the other side didn't have the voice. so the swift boat -- every time i would give one of these talks and i would go out to the university of wisconsin and give talks to alumni associations and various groups, and someone would always raise their hand well, what about the swift boat ad? and i said, listen, it's not my place to say whether the swift boat ad is right or wrong, accurate or not accurate, john kerry had plenty of chance to respond. they made a strategic choice not to respond. and, in fact -- i think the kerry campaign finally responded a couple months ago act

but eisenhower probably is cashing checks right now on that one . out of the next one which i don't know if you guys are basketball fans or not but lin sanity is happening take a look. linsanity has reached new heights hundreds of rafted and unknown just a week ago harvard grad jeremy lin of the knicks has new yorkers lin saying last night he outscored kobe bryant and racked up a career high thirty eight points if you were the los angeles ninety two to eighty five. all right so that was friday's game and for me this is a little bit of a tough subject because they beat the lakers i love the lakers so i was kind of bitter about it but this kid really does have a pretty incredible story so who but now it's got to the point in just one week where lin sanity is so crazy that i think are the two people have tried to trademark earlier reach the us and patton trademark office to try to trademark the term linsanity. i'll be honest i'm insane for jeremy lin i. think with ladies at any rate story it was amazing when they beat the lakers no offense but you know