both of them had been approved by eisenhower. the first is predicated on caring about french civilian casualties. the second plant not so much. in fact there would've been tens of thousands of french civilian casualties of the war become a chemical war. u.s. army drafty standards during the second world war are progressively lowered for the drafting of what were known as physically imperfect men. so for example when the draft began in earnest in 1942 you had to have at least 12 of your natural 32 teeth in order to be drafted. by 1944, how many teeth does you have to have to be drafted? zero. and that is because the army in the navy had drafted one third of all the dead to sin america and collectively they extracted 16 million teeth and build 68 million more than made two and a half million sets of dentures, all to allow those draftees to be able to masticate the army ration. i know it sounds like an obscene act, but that was the standard. in 1944. in newest correctable to 2040 in one eye. the vision standards have eroded so badly

he was eisenhower's guy in the senate. he was close to eisenhower. they were from, oh, about 40 miles apart from each other's where they live. eisenhower out of abilene, carlson from concordia, kansas. he had a lot of depth and character, and he did things for love of country. bob dole has been a big influence, is a close friend. he still regularly calls, you know, every couple of weeks, and just chats, once to know what is going on. -- wants to know what is going on. and bob is 91, 92 now. but great mind. helped me in my reelect a lot. and i think just the nature of eisenhower, who represents that quintessential kansas nature, is a guy that when faced with a big task, he does not care who gets the credit because we are all going to pull together and get this done, which is a lot of kansas character, ok, we have got something we are going to do here. who cares who gets the glory for this? we have got to get together and pull this out. those influence me and have shaped me, and i think have shaped the state. >> when you mentioned eisenhower, and of co

he was eisenhower's guy in the senate. he was close to eisenhower. they were from about 40 miles apart from each other where they lived. eisenhower came out of abilene and frank came out of kansas. but he helped shape me a lot. it was because he was a very practical man with a lot of character and faith. he did things for love of country. bob dole has been a big influence. he is a close friend. he still regularly calls every couple of weeks and chats and wants to know what is going on. bob is 91, 92 now. but a great mind. helps me a lot. i think just the nature of eisenhower represents that quintessential kansas nature. it is a guy when faced with a big task, he does not care who gets the credit and we will all pull together and get this done. there is a lot of kansas character about, we have got something to do. we have got to pull together and figure this out. those influenced me and have shaped me and have shaped the state. >> you mentioned eisenhower and bob dole ran for president. campaign 2016 is right around the corner. if the road to the whit

he said i'm an eisenhower republican, eisenhower didn't go to vietnam even though lindsay grahams of the day said you had to go in and save the french. when the soviet union went into poland and hungary to crush the rebell yons, there were a lot of hard lines that said no have to roll back soviet union, castro in cuba they wanted to invade, and eisenhower knew not only wasn't true but he complained about the military industrial congressional complex that was trying to raise defense spending and not do things at home. what was eisenhower's main accomplishment at home? the interstate highway and that's what we need at home infrastructure. >> when rand paul suggests we need to focus more on domestic spending and less on foreign aid right? >> again foreign aid is not the same as military involvement. think we need to spend -- we don't spend that much on foreign aid. we spend 40 to $50 billion, you know, and right now defense budget right now is almost $600 billion. and eisenhower recognizes you can't be strong in the world unless you're strong at home. and that's what we need to focus on

for dwight eisenhower it was his anger. for the first woman in the cabinet under franklin roosevelt, she was sort of scattered. for george elliott, she was emotionally needy. and they all have this grave weakness but they spend their lifetime feeding it. by the end they were really impressive people. >> when do you discover this? is it when you have kids? is it -- or is it when you get married? when do you think the best time is for self-discover yy? >> i think it's a gradual thing. i teach and a lot of my students are 20 and they'rer certificate ersearching for it. i'm so hungry so hungry. they train so hard to compete for college, for a job, and yet they're like anybody else they want to lead good lives. they don't have the vocabulary to do it. telephones an attempt to give my students a vocabulary. i'm not going to tell you how to become a good person but here is a way to think about that problem. >> millennial generation the selfie generation whatever you want to refer to it as on one hand it's very honest and transpare

from eisenhower through -- c-span: which one did you know the best? >> guest: i knew the best linda johnson. of course he was from my state. i have known him for years, worked with him. i got to know jimmy carter as a remarkably fine person. i guess mr. eisenhower was a ball of them the most universal. probably john kennedy was the most inspiring. i guess lincoln was the smartest, not in the patina in my estimation but common sense. he would know what somebody else was thinking. making people do things that he wanted done. i think he's the smartest most intuitive man that i knew. i have known them all and i have seen them all age. before my very eyes. with one exception. about three years or maybe for spent in that office we see it happen with lines etched in their faces and hair turning gray. the exception was lyndon. i don't think the age at all read visibly that it was maddening. he has more hair than i did. all those years older than i and none of it was gray. i thought that was a doggone shame. c-span: what do you think that happened? >> guest: h

eisenhower is a national type but so are patton and macarthur. even joe dimaggio after all married marilyn monroe. our current problem is a massive overcorrection the advance of careerism, consumerism and woodstock expressiveness at the expense of the inner struggle and the inner life. the literary achievement of the the -- "the road to character" is inseparable from the virtues of its author. as the reader you not only want to know about francis or saint augustine, you want to know what david makes a francis perkins or saint augustine. the voice of the book is so calm and fair and humane. the highlight of material is the quality of the author's more and spiritual judgments across the pages david is such a reliable guy, such a pleasant companion and the book is rich and memorable epigram. egotism is the ravenous hunger in the small space. humility is the awareness that you are the underdog in the struggle against your own weakness. saint augustine it turns out was history's most high maintenance boyfriend. my copy of the book is maniacally underl

had six sons one was a way to eisenhower. then she says you're too young he had a temper tantrum he punched the trees so hard you rub the skin of his knuckles. she sent him to his room she cannot to his room and recited a first he who conquers his own soul is greater than those who take on the city. decades later eisenhower said that was the most important conversation of his life because it showed he had a weakness within himself we think of him as country club but that was the fate he was full of anger but he addressed his sin over the course of his life at night he would lie awake throat infection in spaking blood pressure in drinking but i cannot let temper bbn he developed distractions. when they were stupid he retake the people he hated write their name on a piece of paper over and over and rip it up to throw away. och they made the opponents worth the hot -- where the event is the importance to l . . those that you are ashamed of and understanding that you have a course. senator johnson was born 79 barely survived the

eisenhower was wrong. he should not have built an interstate system, he should have built an interstate nationwide, not the transit is to him. look at the millions of land up arm -- millions of acres of farmland we put under roads and shopping malls. high-speed rail should have started right after what or two. they did not have the vision or the courage. the technology was not there like it is now, that's true but it was on the drawing boards ok? it just seems like with everything, congress doesn't -- courage is not the word i want to use, but that's the only word that will probably take from the air. host: thanks for calling. appreciate all your calls today on amtrak safety and the role of congress. coming up, a senate hearing on the impacts of technology on u.s. border security efforts. officials from the homeland security department joined u.s. border patrol the beauty chief at a hearing that was held by the senate homeland security committee. it runs about two hours. >>> this hearing will come to order

, raced six sons, wound of whom was named dwight eisenhower. he wanted to go trick or treating and his mother said he was too young and he had a temper tantrum and punched a try e tree. ida sent him to his room, had him cry for an hour, and came to bind his wounds and recited a verse. he that conquer his own soul is greater than he who take a city, and many decade later eisenhower said that was the most important conversation of his life bus is taught him he had a weakness a sin himself that he needed to beat. accomplish he spent -- we think of him as this country club kind eye guy. that was fake. he was manage of anger and about -- but defeated his own sin. in the would lie awake anxiety blood pressure, but he said i cannot let temper beat me and he developed a whole series of strategies to defeat his sin. some were stupid. he would take people he hated and write they're name on a piece of paper over and over again, rip it up. botheron wrote soldiers are like athletes. they instinct opponents to be push to the full limits of their power, and w

eisenhower came and did a memo which somehow only his copy and one for the president which is -- thefull text of which is attached in this book. i think it's hard to imagine in this day and age obama calling george w. bush or george w. bush calling bill clinton. that part of the world is different. there is a level of partisanship. i think that's unfortunate. i think -- just a purely personal opinion. money is the killer problem. this is in 1967. proposed public financing of presidential campaigns and we spent more than 2 billion this year. he said more and more men and women of limited means they refrain from running for public office. private wealth increasingly becomes an artificial and unrealistic qualification and the source of public leadership business severely narrowed. the necessity of requiring substantial funds to finance campaigns, diverts attention from public obligations we all watching on television. the rest of the press corps the other thing that's in the book a very warm warm and moving letter from luci baines johnson who wrote it in the christmas of 1991 maybe the

complained about you could see that is when eisenhower told us that means you don't get to build 30ood schools. he said we must not be getting over resources that we slight the things that make the country educated. but what he is worried about is not so much the military industrial complex but the homeland's security complex for. that is implemented in the form of intercept communications of altered discourse so the very nature of the free country is corrupt. >> yes. because we are not fighting a state. but nine state actors this is the strategist not to take bob of global force for good to pulverize them in minutes but since they do not openly identify themselves or wear uniforms except in the rare case of the islamic state twofold a territory is the intelligence more in the shadows and inevitably we will use the technological abilities to fight them -- find them and intercept communications to wiretap the american people. i do not completely discount the damage done. and i certainly share eisenhower's concerned about the fact the resources spent in one way are not spent with the

eisenhower and their first two years. the guidebook with sally and teasing mcnally about it.as so happy that i could do something that made them proud of me. because i'll tell you one wonderful thing about him. i was really never any different once i was in the white house than i was before. suddenly everything had been an liability before -- your hair that you spoke french that you didn't just adore the campaign. and when he got in the white house, all the things i had always done suddenly became wonderful. i was so happy for jack that he could be proud of me then. because he made me so happy. ♪ >> remarkable partnerships and iconic women. their stories in first ladies, the book. chris she said the portrait of washington was one of the things that endeared her. >> find out what francis was staying at what she was doing and what she was wearing. that was going to help sell papers. >> she takes over a radio station. how do you do that? and she did that. >> she exerted enormous power. she would will amounted to make sure her husband was protected. >> first ladies is now a book.

you talked about the eisenhower administration. we got to be prepared tore really think through our entirely new way of funding transportation and infrastructure. you mentioned the grow america act. i will be introducing that act soon. mr. garamendi: good. ms. norton: the administration does want it introduced. mr. garamendi we need it, if for nothing else a marker. what are we talking about. if nothing has been introduced, i'm not sure the american people will recognize. mr. garamendi: you have to lay down the marker. you lay down the first proposal, and it's really good. it's a six-year, $478 billion and it covers all of the elements rnings all of the elements are there. and somebody has on better idea we haven't heard it. count me as one of the co-ought thors of it. ms. norton: you would be the very first one. and i'm glad you mentioned some parts of the bill and its cost. it costs money. it costs something to do transportation and infrastructure. but this way that the administration and thanks to many members, of bringing back

it is incredible to see what the eisenhower's like. there is a dying breed of person who remembers that and i wanted to tribute to that. >> sunday night o

he would say actually, that when you construct a military industrial complex of the sort that eisenhower complained about you can see that military industrial complex and when eisenhower told us that to build a bomber means that you don't get to build 30 good schools he said we must not be so getting over our resources to things military that we slight the important things that really make the country educated and strong and is well-cared for. what he is worried about in his book is not so much a military industry complex which is quite visible. as a homeland security complex which isn't really visible. the homeland security complex is more implemented in the form of intercepted communications and of suppressed thoughts and of altered discourse so that the very nature of the free country gets corrupted. >> yes. because we are not fighting a state, we are fighting nonstate actors who correctly in my eyes, as a strategist have chosen not to fight us directly. not take on the global force for good that is the u.s. navy that would pulverize them in minutes but chose to fight us as insurgents

general eisenhower announced the news with little fanfare.rce, he said, was fulfilled. but his simple message belied that the stored irrigation of the allied victory. and the staggering human loss. for over five years brutal fighting laid waste to an entire continent. mothers, fathers children were murdered in concentration camps. by the time the guns fell silent in europe some 40 million people on the continent had lost their lives. today we pay tribute to all who served. they were patriots, like my grandfather who served in patton's army. soldiers, sailors, airmen, merchant marine, and the women of the wacs. they gave their lives so people like we could live free. there were women who stepped up in unprecedented numbers, like my grandmother, building bombers . this was the generation that saved the world. this was the generation that traded in their uniforms for a college education so they could marry their sweethearts, and build the strongest middle class the world has known. this was the generation that includes heroes like the teske air

now, you also may recall that eisenhower was a bit of a household name because he led the allied effortbeat nazi germany. he had that going for him. >> definitely a feather in his cap. kind of interesting, also, that she announced via twitter by saying i'm running for president. but the near tive is so important for these candidates, not a lot. no youtube videos, no standing by historical landmarks. just i'm running for president. >> there are a few candidates in this race which i don't know that they're necessarily serious candidates but they may be vying for something else, secretary position or a cabinet position. >> we're talking about her right here right now, too. thanks so much. >>> like the mvp champs begin in a few hours war year star steph curry is expected to be named the most valuable player. >> bob ridell live at the oracle arena this morning. just another achievement to add to the remarkable season they've had. >> absolutely. good morning to you, laura and sam. nba expected to announce the warrior superstar steph curry is the mvp at 1:00 this afternoon. first reported by o

when i went to the eisenhower library and i -- fbi reports of the white house i was advised that was one folder consisting of 10 documents, all of which were classified. so if you analyze that, you can say liberal presidents were willing to abuse the fbi for political purposes. but a conservative president who believed in law and order was committed to restraining the fbi to operate in a way that it sho uld operate as a law enforcement agency. when i returned to the eisenhower library in december of 1975 with a security clearance, what i discovered was a massive far more extensive than either truman or roosevelt and what is even more interesting is that whereas you could not conclude from the truman and roosevelt what action the president had taken or even the president was aware these were far more comprehensive and revealing records. what the problem the church committee confronted was how did it identify records and how could one research records that would provide insights into the way the intelligence committee -- committees operated? i would be one of those that would affirm th

it is incredible to hear what the eisenhowers were like.pay tribute to these people. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern and pacific on c-span's "q&a." >> "the communicators" is next with the author talking about his book. then, some tips from teachers familiar with the test. announcer: c-span, created by cable companies 35 years ago and brought to you as a public service by your local cable or satellite provider. this week on "the communicators," we off -- only interview an author about the impact of technology. ces international is the largest consumer technology show in the world. we also took a look at some new technology on display. >> this is peter nowak of toronto canada. "humans 3.0

eisenhower said it would be the root of all evil for america. he talked about the prison industrial complex, we need to talk about that. guest: he brings up a lot of issues. host: how do you think racial issues might impact the conversation on the republican and democratic primary campaigns? guest: bernie sanders is winning the c-span callers this morning. we had the first african-american president, it can play a big role. they can play role if you have marco rubio or ted cruz. hillary clinton, one of the big debates was if she should run as a woman. the answer ultimately was no. and now the answer is definitely yes. neither ted cruz nor marco rubio are running as the first latino candidate. that can become an increasing part of their campaign. guest: another key element in this is the personal narrative of the candidates. you have somebody like cruise or rubio who are the children of cubans immigrants. rubio speaks warmly about the struggles that their parents went through. people love that. americans are funny about who they elect. now we hav

president kennedy succeeded president eisenhower, removing taft and putting thomas jefferson and andrew jackson facing one another. skip ahead a little bit. ronald reagan, about whom you will hear more, put thomas jefferson and calvin coolidge side-by-side. strange bed fellows. you know you're in miami when you hear oo. george h.w. bush had champ that jefferson, abraham lincoln theodore roosevelt and ike. william jefferson clinton thomas jefferson, abraham lincoln, and george washington. he took down ike. george w. bush returned to ike and may not be the worst thing he did as president about removed abraham lincoln's picture from the wall. our current president, president obama, has put up harry hard harry truman, george washington, thomas jefferson and theodore roosevelt. he has lincoln in another room. in the oval office. so when it came to hanging portraits in the white house cabinet room, presidents number 40 through 44 all had one predecessor in common thomas jefferson. so this book spans about three-quarters of a century but i'm going to start with the year -- the winter of 1924-1

. >> reporter: history is not on either of their's side dwight eisenhower was the last non-politiciann a major party. >> democracies cannot afford the luxury of assigning soldiers to go around picking up after their statesmen. >> reporter: eisenhower's service in world war ii already made him a national icon. they both intend to be more than just a voice in the 2016 race. republican strategists say the most likely role will be a clinton flame thrower. >> thank you david. >>> bill clinton is defending his foundation's decision to accept millions from foreign governments. he spoke to nbc about work that the charity has done for developing nations. critics have asked whether donations from countries such as saudi arabia create a conflict of interest should hillary clinton win the presidency in 2016. >> i don't think there's anything sinister in trying to get wealthy people and countries that are seriously involved in development to spend their money wisely in a way that helps poor people and lifts them up. >> he said going forward, they will only accept contributions from six western gov

it's incredible that he remembers what the eisenhower's were like. it's a dying breed of person who were members that. that's what it wanted to do, was to pay tribute to these people. >> tonight at eight eastern and pacific on c-span's "q&a." >> this morning, former pennsylvania governor and homeland security secretary tom ridge discusses the prize for civility in public life winner as well as terror threats to the u.s.. peter sullivan talks about state-run health exchanges facing financial trouble. later, author and blogger looks at how some companies are changing their policies to attract and retain working mothers. as always, your calls and you can join the conversation on facebook and twitter. "washington journal," is next. >> ladies and gentlemen, if we want to be not only the majority party, we want states like pennsylvania, ohio, michigan and wisconsin, then we have to be the party that if we were a rising tide lifting all boats understanding this, there are millions of americans with holes in their boats. we have to be the party that says we

president kennedy succeeded president eisenhower removing task in putting thomas jefferson and andrew jackson facing one another. skipping ahead a little bit. ronald reagan, whom you will hear more but thomas jefferson and calvin coolidge side-by-side. strange fellow. you know you are in my enemy when you hear always day. george herbert walker bush had thomas jefferson, abraham lincoln, theodore roosevelt and eight. william jefferson clinton, thomas jefferson, abraham lincoln and george washington. he took down train six. george w. bush returned ike and may not be the worst thing you did as president, but he removed abraham lincoln's picture from the wall. our current president, president obama has put up harry truman, george washington, thomas jefferson and theodore roosevelt. he has lincoln in the oval office. so when it came to hanging portraits in the white house cabinet room president number 40 through 44 all had one predecessor in common. thomas jefferson. so the book spans about three quarters of a century, but i am going to start with the winter of 1924-in 1825 when his book w

it is incredible humor member what to the eisenhower's -- it is incredible remembers what the eisenhower's were like. >> sunday night on c-span's q&a. >> south carolina republican congressman and citizens united cohosted this weekend's south carolina freedom summit. speakers including presidential candidate senator ted cruz of texas, senator marco rubio of florida, dr. ben carson and carly fiorina. also speaking was governor scott walker, former governor rick perry. we will show you some the speeches starting with governor walker's. [applause] ♪ gov. walker: freedom. freedom. endowed by our creator, defined by our constitution, but defended each and every day by the men and women who proudly wear the uniform of these united states. let's begin by asking all those who have served, our veterans, all those who are serving, active-duty, the guard, or the reserve, and since it was military spouses day yesterday let's invite their spouses and family members, let's have them stand up and give them a round of applause. [applause] gov. walker: thank you to each and everyone of you. we are going to

the cold war investments some of them are's furious because president eisenhower who wanted the interstate highway conservative move troops and evacuate cities. in hurricane katrina in new orleans in 2005 it was clear you can't evacuate cities by everyone piling in their car and heading to the interstate. while they were great rationales at the time i also say we're stuck in the past. we have not had big visions or big enough visions is the 1950s maybe the early 1960s about the role that these projects of played. we have some beautiful infrastructure developments. i gorgeous bridge and boston. it's like a peace of sculpture that people admire there are fantastic bridges the golden gate bridge. >> the beautiful works of art that they are not envision for what we need to do to connect people and help them move across as bridges. we needed time for a big new vision that takes into account the 21st century. >> and you mentioned that earlier. one thought before we leave your. it is interesting that fdr during his administration thought of this national system and you're right it took a few year

but the emphasis on defense during the eisenhower years to move it forward. the question is there a way for the issue of competitiveness and i need to be might replace what has been the driver of defense and security. >> that is certainly a rationale to resume with the business community and with officials local, state, federal, et cetera. we can sell it to the american public jobs but i'm not sure by itself it is enough to sell the public. people now china is investing a great deal that it was part of their rebuilding after world war ii. it's a little remote to say we want to be number one on rankings and indicators. so my thought what i'm saying in this book and want to say to the people elected leaders, many of us can be leaders whether we are holding off for not. i'm trying to be a thought leader here. we need a vision about mobility is so essential. you talk about transportation of the circulatory system of the nation. we have to get where we want to go. about catching up and getting them as we compete with other countries. we have to continue to be the

it is incredible that he remembers what the eisenhower's were like.here's this dying breed of person who remember that. that's what i wanted to do, to pay tribute to these people. i've gotten some great feedback. they are very happy with it. six of them have passed away in the past two years. one of them passed away. his daughter wrote me a note saying, thank you for honoring my father. she included a $75 check saying, have lunch on me. these are the kind of people they are, very generous, sweet and kind. having written a book, you usually don't hear back from people saying thank you. it is usually the opposite. brian: why are so many of the butler's african americans? are there any white butler's today? kate: it has changed. since the clinton administration, it changed a little bit. historically, it was an african-american job. it was a job they were really proud of. they formed private butler's incorporated, a group of butler's who would help each other get jobs. one of the butler's passed away recently. he told me that the women, these ambassadors'

it is incredible he remembers what the eisenhower's were like. it is this dying breed of person who remembers that. i wanted to pay tribute to these people. announcer: sunday night on c-span's q and day. >> here are a couple of the book festivals we will be covering this spring. in the middle of may we will visit maryland for live coverage of the gaithersburg book festival with tom davis and martin frost, as well as former senior adviser to president obama david axelrod. we will close out at book expo america, where the public industry showcases their books. including our three-hour live in depth program with pulitzer prize-winning author lawrence rypien that is this spring on c-span twos book tv. announcer: some tips for students having for the advanced placement government exam. jeb bush delivering the commencement address at liberty university. presidential candidates marco rubio, ted cruz, ben carson. "washington journal" continues. host: it's time once again to cram for the exam. the exam in question is the high school advanced placement u.s

eisenhower was president behind this marginal tax rate. >> when you think about 90%, you don't think that's obviously too high? >> no. >> you hear that fork drop? let's just say a lot of wealthier americans' jaws just dropped. forget a top rate of 39.6% or with obamacare surge charges, or when you combine state and local and real estate taxes, zoom north of 55%, but 90%? wow. welcome, everybody, i'm neil cavuto and give bernie credit for at least saying what a lot of liberals have been thinking but nine out of $10 you earn is for the taking? before you slump it off, can all this be far off? after all, if you're not going to cut back on spending how about revving up the taxes folks are paying? to fox business network's cheryl stain who says this doesn't stop at just the rich. there you go 90%. >> of course it won't stop at the rich. what would be the next bracket, 70? the next bracket, people right now who are probably paying nothing, can't stop at the rich. i always liked when they say did this exist before in eisenhower's days or here's the thing, i've studied this. and the amount o

general eisenhower announced the news with low fanfare. the mission of this allied force was fulfilled. a simple message -- simple message allied the nature of the victory and staggering human loss. brutal fighting laid waste to an entire continent. mothers, fathers, children were murdered in concentration camps. but the time the guns fell silent, 40 million people on the continent had lost their lives. today

it was incredible he remembers what the eisenhower's were like. a dying breed of person who remembers that and that is what i wanted is to get chevy it to these people. -- two contribute to these people. >> next, on american history tv national park historian ranger eric martin discusses the history of ford's theatre where john wilkes booth shot president lincoln 150 years ago. he examines the timeline. from lincoln's's assassination up until the death of booth and his co-conspirators. this program is a little under one hour. [applause]

signed eisenhower. there was no pm to victory, no exaltation. too much had been lost for that. too much remained to be done. when president truman addressed the nation, even as he proclaimed the flags of freedom fly all over europe, he reminded all americans of those priceless lives that were rendered as sacrifice to redeem our liberty. as the news spread and people poured into the streets to celebrate in new york, london and paris cheers and laughter mixed freely with tears. and even in the midst of one triumph, we vow to fight on and finish the war in the pacific. ladies and gentlemen, 70 years after that great turning point in the history of our world we remember the sacrifice that was made to preserve freedom. those who laid down their lives for a better future. the americans who won the beach head at normandy, inch by bloody inch. from britain, the few who defied them the free french who never accepted nazi occupation. the brave pols who fought for our freedom and yours. the canadian regiments that pushed across france into northern germany. the resistance movements in eve

they brought him in when he was 17 during the eisenhower administration.he described how he used to work in the kitchen. he was such a skinny guy they kept giving him ice cream to eat. it's incredible he remembered what the eisenhowers were like. the dying breed of person. i wanted to take should be to these people. >> tonight on c-span's "q&a." >> each week, american history tv's american artifacts takes you to museums. opened in 1829 philadelphia's eastern state penitentiary operated as a prison until 1971. we visited to learn about the history that coined the term penitentiary and tried to reform criminals. host: my name is nick, a tour guide at eastern state penitentiary. today, we will spend the next hour looking to this beautiful building. this is today an estate of stabilized ruins. this is after 142 years used as a prison, which when it first opened in 1829 was considered experimental. it was a brand-new type a prison. it was so unlike anything else tried at the time. they did not want to call it a prison. they invented a new word --penitentiary. t

we may find the compassion was put into the book in 1955, during the eisenhower administration. it may be a time capsule, a parallel. alexander dumoz, the last cavalier came out 125 years after the author's death, and shots - shot to the top of the best seller list in france. if we give it a bit of room and say this was written a long time ago by a young earnest author, it may satisfy - it may creek a little bit, because it doesn't have the practice hand of an editor on it yet. >> audrey fish, we may be being altogether too pessimistic here a harper lee look at the 50s, as a look at the 30s may be a use of teaching tool about american race relations, what changed during the early days of the most intebs period of the american fill rights movement. >> right. the 30s, when harper lee wrote even g the "50, it was a safe topic. we can gree that tom robinson was heroic. today we are struggle with how to look at the 50s. we see that in the reaction to the film selma. was harper lee persuaded from publishing the back because it was less safe, more troublesome and will it be more challe

. >>> if you use the yellow line the huntington and eisenhower metro stations will be closed this weekendwork resumes. also delays on reds can be green, and orange lines. the silver and blue lines will operate under a regular weekend schedule. ♪ deidre & the dark - classic girl plays in the background ♪ a great entrance never goes out of style. dresses start at $25. the eva mendes collection. exclusively at new york and company. >>> and a year ago news4 launched "changing minds" which is a campaign to get people talking about a topic that most don't want to talk about. and that's mental health. we're going to have a lot more about mental health in a special "changing minds" program that's this morning hosted by doreen gentzler at 10:00 a.m. >>> school leaders at montgomery county public schools are changing the rules on reporting child abuse. "the washington post" says it calls on district leaders to establish leaders for a code of conduct for employees. providing training with support from experts and developing screening processes for employees, contractors, and volunteers. the school s

eisenhower and mr. garland and this great institution, johns hopkins, i thank you for this opportunity to convey my thoughts to you and to the american people. good night. >>> c-span's coverage of college commencement speeches continues saturday with susan webber wright at the university of arkansas and dream works chair melody hobson at usc. former massachusetts governor and 2012 presidential candidate mitt romney speaking in manchester manchester new hampshire. president bush addressing southern methodist university. >>> you know, when i mention this had speech to some of my pals they were surprised i was going to give it. see, i haven't given a commencement speech since leaving office. my decision is quite practical, so i got a phone call from my landlord. gerald turner. rather than raising the rent or threatening to hold our security deposit, i was relieved to hear president turner ask if i believed in free speech. [ laughter ] i said, yeah. he said, perfect, here's your chance to give one. as a pro

>> yes, when that crazy liberal eisenhower was president. but look what happened we had enough money for highways. we had enough money for the g.i. bill. and we became the undisputed champion of the world. so why not have this conversation about how we can equal the playing field. >> the economy was quite different than the 1950s. and there was a lot different with the whole tax code. i mean talk about deductions. >> exactly. you can tell by jehmu's expression that deep down she doesn't really believe in the 90% tax rate. she just thinks this is goofy stuff. and it is. you talk about a three martini lunch. if your spouse traveled with you on your business you can deduct that. life and the income tax code was a lot different back then. you see, the money then that you need in today's dollars would be about $2.4 million. there are very few people paying that. those people that were making that had so many loopholes, as john talked about, and deductions that 90%, that was on about the last $5 those people made. that was about it. no one paid 90