eisenhower. mr. walsh is a former director of the herbert hoover presidential library and museum. of ais -- this is part daylong conference titled "presidential partnerships, herbert hoover, truman and eisenhower." >> it's a great pleasure to introduce the left speaker. received anh award. he served in various capacities with the national archives and records administration of which this institution is part of that large organization. in 2011, retirement beginning as a program analyst with the national historical publications and records commission, tim served as budget and a list, codirector of the modern archives institute, chief of publication development before landing in west branch as the assistant director of the herbert hoover presidential library and museum. and finally, rector of the same organization from 93-2011 area -- 1993-2011. than 2200 books, including the correspondence between hoover and eisenhower, as well as numerous articles, essays, book reviews, executive entries, and news

eisenhower hinted he might veto the bill. eisenhower scorned them. put so muchberals heat on to get a bill after abandoning all their principles." in the eisenhower forces made a bold gamble. they threatened to revise the hated part three if the jury trial provision state and. after big fight on august 16, demonstration proposed in voting rights cases a federal judge could act without a jury as long as the penalty to exceed $300 or 90 days in jail. geton johnson still want to cosmetic bill to promote his presidential aspirations finally called ike and proposed a ceiling of $300 and 45 days of jail. ike accepted the compromise. on august 29, the senate passed the final version of the civil rights bill, 60-15. the 60 votes included 37 andblicans, 23 democrats some scholars still haven't figured out if lyndon johnson could muster only 23 democratic votes out of 49 for this bill. the eisenhower coalition carried the day. some advocates, especially african-americans, purged ike to veto the bill. even martin luther king jr. concluded, "the present though i

eisenhower. the former director of presidential library and museum for herbert hoover. this hour-long event is rfa day-long conference titled, presidential partnerships: present -- herbert hoover instrument, and eisenhower. >> it's a great pleasure to introduce the left speaker. timothy walch received an award. he served in various capacities with the national archives and records administration of which this institution is part of that large organization. until his retirement in 2011, beginning as a program analyst with the national historical publications and records commission, tim served as budget and a list, codirector of the modern archives institute, chief of publication development before landing in west branch as the assistant director of the herbert hoover presidential library and museum. and finally, rector of the same organization from 93-2011 area -- 1993-2011. he edited more than 2200 books, including the correspondence between hoover and eisenhower, as well as numerous articles, es

eisenhower: good evening, my fellow citizens. this evening,tes i should like to speak to you about the serious situation that has arisen in little rock. make this talk, i have come to the president's office in the white house. i could have spoken from rhode island, where i have been staying recently. speaking fromt in the house of lincoln, objection, and of wilson. my words were better conveyed both the sadness i feel and the actions i was compelled today to the firmness with which i intend to pursue this until the orders of the federal court of little rock can be executed without unlawful interference. in that city, under the leadership of extremists, disorderly mobs deliberately defended carrying out proper orders on a federal court. local authorities have not eliminated that violent opposition. law, i issued a proclamation yesterday, calling upon the mob to disperse. morning, the mob again gathered in front of the central high school of little rock. obviously for the purpose of the carryinging out of the orders relating to the

eisenhower. he was serving as the commander of nato in brussels at the time and he was not allowed to run he did not even come to the , state. so there was a backdoor effort orchestrated by the likes of henry lodge and sherman adams to get eisenhower on the ballot. it worked. at least he said he was ok with having his name on the ballot. on the democratic side, president harry truman was planning to run for another term. and he was contested. he had some problems in terms of the korean war and other things, and he was contested by a guy from tennessee, who nobody had ever heard about except he headed up a crime commission that got a lot of publicity on television. so the 52 primary -- 1952 primary breaks wide open with taft, eisenhower, and the outlier from tennessee campaigning against the incumbent president. so we have a lot of artifacts. eisenhower was a popular figure at the time, although he could not campaign yet in new hampshire, not during the primary. so his name was floated out there.

that has been credited to eisenhower himself. supposedly, he had seen vehicles like this being used in europe during the war and thought it might be handy for the presidential vehicle. it is not armored. the war was over. there was no thought of security, or a least it is not thought to be a vital concern. but it does provide protection from weather, so in the event of rain or snow, the president can have some protection in there. otherwise, you see it is sectioned. all those panels could be neatly stacked in the trunk, but it doesn't have to be used. that would allow the president to stand up in the car. there were a couple of handrails on the back of the front seat that would allow eisenhower or truman or kennedy to stand and wave to crowds as they pass by. which also explains the shield upctangular there as well. that is a bug shield for the president standing and waiting to crowds. but this vehicle is really just a standard lincoln that has been searched a little bit and given perhaps a little more rigorous upholstery to hold

that is probably what eisenhower should have done. if eisenhower had federalize the federalized the guard, there is some question about whether those arkansas boys would have obeyed. --enhower made us from it made a tremendous decision when he sent the army and that conjured up visions of reconstruction. it was horrifying cap troops in an american city and around an american school. that action hardened the segregationist sentiment so much that it became a tremendous clinical liability to eisenhower -- a tremendous political liability to eisenhower and he started trying to get those troops out of here. i think he would've been much wiser to simply federalize the guard. that would've let faubus off the hook, they would've had to beef up plans, but i think it would have been a much better solution. weight -- where are we? i am already over. ashmore, why am i saying that he was a part of the problem when obviously he was a part of the solution? ashmore had just written his magnum opus, here just written the book yet wanted to write for y

brian: where did you go after the eisenhower library?nthony: the herbert hoover presidential library. brian: how long was a drive from that? anthony: more than a day because iowa. up to west branch has the national park service as well. blacksmith shop, a house as well. he only lived there for a short period of time. he and henry hoover are buried there, as well. at the first three libraries, the archivist set a high bar because they were interested in helping, but they were also interested in summary coming to ask about their history as opposed to policy they have gone over. they were inordinately hopeful, not just in saying, you should look at this film will look at the series, but talk on breaks. i was able to interview most of that staff at the libraries, sometimes staying late afterwards. i got to speak to the director and they were helpful in making sure i had what i needed to tell the story. brian: how long would you stay at each of these? anthony: first time was probably four or five days. over the 12-year period i took to write

stevenson was running against eisenhower, so that's part of his individual thought where even though eisenhower was a war hero and celebrated, he believed stevenson was more on the same level as roosevelt and was the real roosevelt liberal and eisenhower might have been a touch too militaristic for the case. again it was a losing proposition that between 1956 and 1960, charlton heston became a major hollywood star. in fact, the biggest star of the 50s in hollywood. see supported john kennedy over stevenson in the democratic convention he supported jfk who won the nomination. he was in shell shock after the assassination. it wasn't what the jfk people have implied since presidential future. so, a lot of them dropped out of politics for a while. it was somebody that he liked and could support and the reason for it is goldwater's campaign which essentially was in your heart, you know he's right. somehow that resonated with heston. he looked up and saw that and he thought that's right. and of course at the time, vietnam was just the beginning of johnson's great leap backwards into vietna

generals grant and lee, eisenhower, patton and this man, general douglas macarthur.ew solders yb more admired or controversial. he was a military prodigy and a highly decorated soldier of three veteran american worse. he inspired great devotion of his men and troubled relations with several presidents. and like a figure of a greek tragedy he fell from power. come with us on this special journey into the life of this altogether too human five-star hero. ♪ >> it would be crowds lined up sometimes three to four blocks long. you'd just get a glimpse of this man. >> i do recall some comments, who does this guy think he is? >> they say i thought he was a little bit shy underneath. >> general macarthur has a superiority complex and i think it's because he is superior. >> had his first recollection of hearing a bugle blow. >> james is the archivist in norfolk, virginia. >> 96,000 photographs we have. contains all the radio messages from japan period as well as the world war ii records. >> it's here that the general public as well as historians who have written some 80 books

prior to becoming president, eisenhower was a five-star general who guided the u.s. in the defeat of the germans and the liberation of europe. i can only surmise his chagrin when a small southern state governor defied his order. on september 22, 1957, on my 17th birthday eisenhower , interrupted television programs to announce that he was sending 10,000 paratroopers from the 101st airborne division of screaming eagles to little rock, to enforce federal law to escort us into school. i'm glad we waited, because the same paratroopers that helped liberate europe, the screaming eagles, helped a boy from pulaski street enter high school. i don't know about you, but that's one heck of a way to show going around the problem is sweeter than being bull headed and charging through it. [laughter] [applause] next day i remember riding in the convoy that led us, army jeep, paratroopers standing shoulder to shoulder for blocks, bayonets at the ready, and i turned to my colleague and said , "well, i guess we're going to get into school today." [laughter] to my young friends here, go

president eisenhower's civil rights legacy and a creation of the u.s. commission on civil rights. 1957,tember 9, president dwight eisenhower signed into law the civil rights

now, did eisenhower feel snubbed? i can't speak to that, but it shows you that macarthur had a lot of support. but i think as the evidence came out, people realized that macarthur really overstepped his bounds, and he did. and of course, there was talk about utilizing nuclear weapons against china. i mean, this was a pretty tense situation. >> was the media more involved in these sort of unraveling the narrative of macarthur being more toward truman or was the administration, the cia, the department of defense, the government responsible for this? >> uncovering what macarthur was saying? no, macarthur made it public himself. there was one episode where the "ap" picked up information from macarthur's headquarters about things that he was planning that were in violation of gacs rules. but generally speaking, it wasn't media investigation that uncovered this. it was macarthur doing it pretty openly. he's pretty flagrant about this sort of thing. >> to get troops for korea, did the u.s. just carry over the peacetime draft

(bright music) julie nixon married david eisenhower just before her dad become president. their families were already connected by politics. - julie nixon and david eisenhower met when david's grandfather, dwight david eisenhower, and julie nixon's father, richard nixon, teamed up for a presidential ticket duo. - later on, julie's big sister, trisha, got married in the white house rose garden. that was way back in 1971. there have been no weddings at the white house since. with white house kidz, i'm leila. - this important message is brought to you by the national road safety foundation. (bright music) (heart beating) (baby crying) - [crowd] happy birthday. (cheering) - [man] i love you. (bells dinging) (laughing) (beeping) (upbeat music) - injuries happen. when they do, we'll show you what you should do. that's why we're bringing you tips on first aid from the american red cross. (upbeat music) - sprains and strains are a pain. but a little first aid can go a long way. lipica shah is an instructor for the american red cross. what is the difference between a sprain and a s

you can see the eisenhower executive office building before it was nameded eisenhower in the background. the rose garden, there's a scene where you see alonso field, one of the butlers of the white house posing with the flowers and mrs. hoover playing catch with their two dogs. and then the dogs run through the, a lit reflect iing pool, jt having a good time. >> we noted that in that hoover ball scene that the president is playing in a natty looking sweater running around. also in the scene where they're fishing, the man on the fishing boat, fishing in a suit. >> at this time, mr. hoover always believed a gentlemen should be properly dressed at all times. you wouldn't see him, occasionally, casual films of him fishing. he would lose the tie. sometimes, he wouldn't have the hat either, but he trade that had for hip waiters and a fishing vest. >> where do you think that was shot? >> the film of him fish iing of the boat is off the coast of florida and taken in january or early february of 1929. they visited their family friends, jeremiah and catherine milba milbank, a business bank in new

you can see the eisenhower executive building before it was named eisenhower in the background. the rose garden, there's a scene where you see alonso fields, one of the butlers of the white house, posing with the flowers and mrs. hoover playing camp with their two dogs, wiji and pats. then the dogs run through a little reflecting pool and just having a good time. >> we noted that in that hoover ball scene that the president is playing in a natty looking sweater, running around. also in the scene where they're fishing out on the fishing boat, fishing in a suit. >> uh-huh, yeah. at that time mr. hoover always believed a gentleman should be properly dressed at all times. you wouldn't see him -- occasionally casual films of him fishing he would lose the tie, sometimes he wouldn't have the hat either, but he would tray it for hip waders and a fishing vest. >> where do you think that was shot? >> the film of him fishing off the boat is off the coast of florida, and it was taken in probably january or early february of 1929. he and mrs. hoover visited their long-family friends jeremiah

he actively campaign ford adlai stevenson in 1952 when he was running against eisenhower, so, that is part of heston's individual thought, where even though eisenhower was a war hero and celebrated, he believed that stephenson was more on the same level as roosevelt. that stephenson was the real roosevelt liberal and eisenhower might have been touch to militaristic for heston. in 1956 he supported adlai stephenson, again a losing proposition, between 1956 and 1960, charlton heston became a major hollywood star. in fact, the biggest star of the '50s in hollywood. he supported john kennedy over stephenson, and in the primary -- in the democratic convention. he supported jfk. jfk, of course, won the nomination, and he went out and actively campaigned for kennedy. he was -- there was no ambivalence in heston about who he supported, who we wanted in office. in 1964, something changed. and he felt -- first of all, everybody who supported jfk was in shellshock after the assassination, and johnson's sudden rise was not what the jfk people had in mind as presidential future. so a lot of them e

eisenhower. a backdoor effort amshestrated by lodge and ad to get eisenhower on the ballot. he said, he was ok with having it on the ballot. on the democratic side, president truman was planning to run for another term. he was contested. he had problems in terms of the korean war and other things. consisted -- contested by a senator. he headed up a crime commission that got a lot of television publicity. open,52 primary breaks with eisenhower versus taft. we have lots of artifacts. figure,er was a popular but he did not campaign in get in new hampshire. -- yet in new hampshire. finally, campaign in new hampshire. maybe he shouldn't have. he was not a popular figure. new hampshire came out in force , saying "i like ike." eisenhower won the primary. much has been made about the first in the nation primary. indidn't need to do that 1952. it was by accident. the decision was made to hold the primary election on the same get a our meeting day, to bigger crowd. you wouldn't have to have two different elections. it would cost a lot of money. the decision was made to hold the 1952 p

eisenhower met with the governor and was under the impression they had an agreement. he said you have to remove the guards. he left. the mob was in the control of the city police, which they could not handle. the black students were ushered into the school. they made it to their classes. by noon they were gathering the students because the mob was breaking down barricades. president eisenhower said this is not my opinion but as president it is my duty to uphold the constitution. i'm issuing an executive order calling out 1200 troops from the 100 worst airborne from kentucky to come to little rock, to take them into the school. those described as a war zone. they came in jeeps and helicopters and landed helicopters in the baseball field behind the school and set up camp. on september 25 little rock nine were escorted into the school under the protection of the 101st airborne. stopped 10 feet from where we are standing now and there were many soldiers waiting for them. they marched them through the front steps. i want to stop there and see if anybody has questions. i wo

eisenhower called it the kiddie corps. do you think -- there was a debate about the size -- about the political capital? >> it didn't require a great deal of political capital on his part. there was a cold war component. this was perceived by him and others as a means of waging a cold war. it was not all idealistic motives. there was uncertainty about whether it would succeed and the response you would get run americans. would young people signed up? what would they find russian mark all that was unknown. my sense of research is that he had a faith and advisers around him had a faith that this was an idea they should pursue right away and it was one of those things decided on in the first 100 days. the results speak for themselves. >> he makes a good point when he says that the cold war played into the soft power elements. he was trying to win the hearts and minds of the world and he loved the celebration of art and poetry. there was cold war elements to this. the peace corps was an extraordinary idea and nothing like it h

on september 27, 1957, president eisenhower sent 1000 men of the army to carry out the law.upreme court of the united states had said the entire strength of the nation may be used to enforce the security of all rights and trusted by the constitution and that included my right and the rights of eight other negro americans who wanted to go to central high school in little rock, arkansas. we were terrence, thelma, elizabeth, ernest greene, carlotta, and gloria ray. and we were going to school again. obviously, in this town of 100,000, there were many who did not like what was happening. as we looked at the soldiers, we knew there must the millions of others who thought we represented something important. ♪ when the doors closed behind us that day, it was both an and and a beginning. from that moment on, we would be watched not only by those who look at us as strangers but by those who want -- who wondered if we would live up to our new opportunity. i remember standing there wondering how history would judge us. [bells] it has been seven years since that first day. what has happ

withdent eisenhower met governor faubus and was under the impression they had an agreement. he said you have to move the guard, you are obstructing justice. in control ofb the city police, which they cannot handle. the students were ushered into the school on september 23, they made it to their classes, but by noon they were gathering the students up because the mob was breaking down the barricades. president eisenhower said this is not my personal opinion, but as president it is my duty to uphold the constitution. i am issuing an executive order calling out 1200 troops from the to come to little rock and surround the high school and take them into the school grade those that were here described it as a war zone. they came in jeeps and helicopters and landed their helicopters in the baseball field behind the school and set up camp. 26, the little rock nine were escorted into the school under the protection of the 101st airborne. the soldiers pulled up in a caravan, stop 10 feet from where we were standing, they surrounded the nine and march them up the front steps. and see i

it was eisenhower that bought executive order and integrated every single military base. truman said he was going to do it but he didn't and then he fired every kernel that wouldn't integrate. then folks don't know he was segregated, black and white, christian and hebrew during world war ii. the head of the red cross who is one of the great military buddies and former general rights you can't do this they do not want it integrated and he said they won't get any blood. >> one of the things i found moving about the autobiography she did a lot of autobiographical writings and it's so frank it's almost impossible to believe that it was published in the 840s and 50s that she was as honest as she was about her relationship with franklin roosevelt and it's on the last page of your book her conclusion. i was one of those that served those purposes. it seemed both a happy thing and with sadness at the same time what do you think she meant about that as a summation of her relation ship. >> i approached him and he didn't like to be pushed all the time and so there are times when he

that was the way dwight eisenhower thought because when he had to invade normandy and bring down adolf hitler, who do we need 5000 ships? with a 10,000 ships. there was really no feeling government was discreet evil force in our lives in those days. world war ii generations ofestii differently. nixon himself at certain things that he realized he needed to do for the public. the environment is a primet oil example. read the biggest oil spill up t that time in santa barbara, california and just as the movement is kicking off in nixon has two choices. he can go along with it orr resist it. he has sort of a gut feeling california is a beautiful place and we should keep it that way and so you get this amazing environmental measure and it's in the book at one point the major environmental organizations were asked who was the best president teddy roosevelt came in first in richard milhouse nixon came in second. it's really a formidable record. other things happened, too. i once had the subtitle of the book should be and yet because as you read the book, you'll see in nixon was the one who bro

at wawa we go abroad and kill people so under president eisenhower and john f. kennedy saw the same thing and lyndon baines johnson as well who succeeded john kennedy who didn't run for a term in office again because as president because the vietnam war was immoral and unwinnable he knew it but also because his domestic priorities providing health care to the people in britain made him possibly even improving upon a civil rights situation were impossible do with the vietnam war and so what we see in this is why america can kill a million plus people in the middle east since nine eleven and while we also have the highest murder rate in the industrialized world it's why we're the biggest arms export are and we also personally own three hundred fifty million guns right it's why america has eight hundred military bases around the world and the most prisons and the most prisoners if you look at where our priorities are and how much we're spending on our social services you will surely see that our priority is either militarized efforts overseas war or militarized eff

efforts overseas war or militarized efforts at home so yes i think it's much more so than under eisenhower just briefly and finally if you are still at the state department then do you think that there will be voices in the state department viewing a hydrogen bomb from north korea as an opportunity to sell arms to south korea more than anything else. oh absolutely and we've seen that we've already said they've shrunk president trump has already authorized the sale of more weapons to south korea they were going to increase the amount of warhead amount explosives at the korea south koreans could have on top of their bombs on top of their rockets on top of their missiles which is going to create an arm through and a little mini arms race on top of the arms race it's already existing in asia but absolutely and of course for years now going back through president obama and under president obama's manners ation plan for nuclear weapons. we now have usable nuclear weapons smaller more usable nuclear weapons and so now we have a president from with these generals around him who see the world only

the governor prevented the students from attending class until eisenhower sent army troops and federalized the arkansas national guard to restore order and enforce school desegregation. in the film, mr. thomas and several others of the little rock nine reflect on their experience, life beyond high school, and hopes for the future. the film won an academy award in for documentary short 1955 subject. ♪ >> where do you begin? where do you look? like an ancient battlefield, the ground is silence, though people still move in familiar places. now on this field, negro and white run together, remembering how it was in little rock, arkansas in 1957. perhaps it is best for those today to look where they are going and not where they have in. but when you are a dark man in a country where the negro is demanding more and more an equal chance, you have the right to look back to discover if you are really moving forward, or if the world is just moving beneath your feet. i have a special reason for looking back. my name is jefferson thomas, and i am one of the nine from little rock. ♪ >> there is nothing

eisenhower was elected president. eisenhower threatened he would go oerch to north korea personally and use military weapons if necessary to bring this to an end. so i thinkizen hower in the white house andizen hower's threats probably brought everyone -- and ultimately the prisoners were exchanged. but those that did not want to go back did not have to. so anyone have any questions about the korean war? okay, you're out of here. >>> american history tv is in prime time all week with our original series lectures in history, focusing on college and university classrooms around the country. on friday we'll take a look at the civil war including a lecture on cultural heritage and confederate monuments. it begins at 8:00 p.m. eastern here on c-span 3. also book tv prime time looks at authors who were in congress. then it's james mcferson on battle cry of freedom, the civil war hero. and after that elizabeth rosenthal examines the business side of health care. and later supreme court justice sotemayor talks about her book.

case publicized they have 1 million of the two new page leaflet to have activism on one side and eisenhower no comment on the other disturbing them all over the country it was tinted blue but instead you can see the spite of the turnout in michigan and new york and new jersey but eisenhower himself but kennedy's intervention but the rnc of kentucky was positive in italy studied very hard and so that is interesting the same counties the increasing it is the evidentiary burden that they have yet to satisfy. >> believe the guy say along those lines is that black voters did come out in huge numbers some states it was such a close election by several thousand votes but there were 200,000 african-americans you turned out so they did turn the tide so those leaders said it was responsible for the live coral votes so it is pretty accurate. >> in 20 of those states the margin was below five percentage points only north carolina was four or five because kennedy won 13 of them in the margin was less than 1% so we have a very strong case. >> because he was an inspiration to me and what was created hid h

that was the day that dwight eisenhower thought. when he had to invade and bring down hitler, do we need 5,000 ships, let's get 10,000 ships. that was their thinking. there was really no feeling that government was this great evil force in our lives in those days, world war ii generation, nixon himself had certain things in the domestic side that he realized that he needed to do for the public. the environment is a prime example, he's elected elected in and three days later we have the biggest oil spill in the country up to that time in santa barbara california and nixon flies out there and this is just as the environmental movement is kicking off and nixon has two choices, he can either go along with it or can resist it and he sees vastly popular, he has sort of a gut feeling that california is a beautiful place and we should keep it that way and so you get this tide of environmental measures. it's in the book that at one point the major environmental organizations were polled and were asked who was the best green president and ted

the department of state exists as a counterbalance to, again, what eisenhower referred as to the military industrial complex you. want to have somebody there is who says, no, maybe we can talk our way out of this thing, maybe we don't have to have a war. maybe we can diplomacy or aid or relate to the rest of the world? well, in this administration, rex tillerson is clearly not listened to. he is clearly not well-regarded. and he has chosen to allow the department of state to be diminished, dismantled, and undermined in ways that no secretary of state in the history of the country has ever done. he is a horrible steward of an essential agency of our federal government. you knew that from the committee hearing, because he was asked when he was before the career committee, they said, have you talked to donald trump about the middle east? we didn't get around to that. and have you talked to him about this problem or that problem. we didn't get around to that. he acknowledges to the committee he had no idea, he had no idea, how he would relate to donald trump as president of the united states.

. >> one is called three days in january the transition between eisenhower and kennedy but eisenhowers concerned nuclear weapons for in an issue in then to see we have control over the military. and it is time of the suez crisis from those mistakes that we make. >> so i will give you one more. but david mccullough was book of the wright brothers. have you read that?. >> so all these people from north carolina you have just a bunch of sand and wind we claim aviation not you. [laughter]

and the thing that a makes that book so powerful to me right now particularly is eisenhower's concernclear weapons were an issue, cuban missile crisis was, happened during -- right after that transition. and his concern about insuring that you had civilian control over the military. from a five-star general. >> right. >> i mean, and it's -- there's a lot that translates. and the other is, again, about eisenhower, it's called ike's gamble, and it's the time of the suez crisis and the first time that we really got involved in the middle east. and the mistakes that we made, and they were big mistakes. they're very informational books. but i wanted to ask you, okay -- >> let me give you one more that i read that i think was one of the best books i've read in a long, long time, and that's david mccullough's book on the wright brothers. >> yes, yes. >> have you read that in mccullough is just a genius. so all these people from north carolina that, you know, kitty hawk, all you had was a bunch of sand and wind. >> right. >> we fixed the airplane, created the airplane in ohio, so just remembe

eisenhower. mr. walsh is a former director of the herbert hoover

transportation curator matt anderson shows of cars used by presidents truman, eisenhower, carter, and reagan, and the lincoln continental that john f. kennedy was riding in when he was assassinated. matt: my name is matt anderson. i am curator of transportation here at the henry ford. we are inside the henry ford museum of american innovation. just outside our driving america ext,

eisenhower controls everything. i want to control everything.mhear it coming out of how much he wants america to change and it is incredible. clinkinear the glasses g. i have a favorite tape that is weekoctober 22 and one into the missile crisis. event weed this at an did together not too long ago at the kennedy library and this is a conversation between kennedy and eisenhower. what you get in this tape is a sense of humor, even in this hisnse pressure, a sense of deference to seniority. he is deferential to eisenhower. he finishes by saying, "hold on." there is a calm. there is a columnist in the tapes that i think you want in a crisis. you can talk about vietnam. but that calmness, that grace comes through on the tapes. >> absolutely. want to encourage the audience to ask questions. about them and we will talk about them later. let's talk about vietnam, both based on his role and in the impossible question of, if he had lived, what would have happened? >> i've grappled with this a lot. there is a paradox here. it is the most controversial part