eisenhower was german for sure. prof. galambos: yes, yes. -- mymily on one side family on one side is named himb cardiovascularmy genes from them. i am ever grateful. [laughter] >> we fought germany in world war i enrolled or two. there is a lot of prejudice against the enemy of your country. i have studied ike. not as much as you have, of course. i have studied eisenhower and have never come across any situation where he faced anti-german prejudice, even world war i or world war ii where you think the brits might think, you want to put someone named eisenhower in charge of this deal? did he run into any, as far as you know, anti-german prejudice coming up through the ranks, becoming commander-in-chief against germany because his name was obviously ethnically german? did that ever cause him any problems that you know of? prof. galambos: he hated hitler. he hated the holocaust. he went and looked at those camps. he wanted american soldiers to see those camps and see what happened. he hated that. and i think that spills ove

eisenhower. he has served as president of the business history conference and the economic history association. a former editor of the journal of economic history, he has written extensively on u.s. business history, business government relations and the rise of the bureaucratic state. he is president and principal of the business history group, a business consulting organization, and has a historical -- has been a historical consultant to merck, at&t and the world bank group. here to sare his book, eisenhower becoming leader of the free world is louis galambos. [applause] prof. galambos: it is nice to be here. we will see if i can get this to stand up. very good. ok. the library has been very important to me. it was important during the paper. it was essential to do the eisenhower papers. it was important in doing a book. now, i do not know how much most of you know about editing papers. [laughter] prof. galambos: you do it day by day. you read what the subject, in this case, ike, wrote, then yo

he sees in eisenhower, despite their frictions, he talks about how eisenhower has a quality that is like a magnet attracting filings of mental. eisenhower is able to attract the respect and admiration of men the way a magnet attracts mental. so, he is processed of in that respect. >> you mentioned the first infantry division earlier. they had seen action in north africa and other places. italy, sicily, there was an attempt on d-day to give the first infantry division that section of omaha beach because the other section went to the 29th and for entry who were the national guard and they were untested in battle. the first infantry division knew what was going to happen within reason or is the 29th, when they landed, they really did not have a feel for combat. how important is it for young soldiers, teenagers, to be thrown into war who feel invincible? >> you know, it is a complex question, isn't it? you want them to have some sense of what it is they are getting themselves into so they are not shocked. i do not care how much combat you have seen, you land on omaha beach, you have seen sav

marshall had the presence of power that superseded eisenhower any day. he could've pulled off the situation as well or better. >> can you comment, robert in his book on harry hopkins says that marshall credits him for his appointment and relationship with roosevelt. can you comment on the relationship? it was great. marshall had great affection for him. but he was a key go-between between marshall and the president. marshall did not want to get too close to roosevelt. he did not want to come appear. the only time he came appear was for the funeral. he did not want to socialize and he did not want to get into that. he used hopkins strategically forgetting the sense of what roosevelt was thinking. if anybody could figure it out it would be him. they traveled together, it was right after the war in 1942 with the first meeting in england they went with marshall had fun in scotland talking about the system in the foods they were eating and wrote notes back and forth. he was amazing and made friends with everybody. he was great friends with churchill. when he

but it just shows how much pressure eisenhower had on him to plan this. especially with the rotten weather. in england. and he had to plan this to consider the least loss of life possible on these landings. and there was one scene that i wasn't quite clear on. when eisenhower went to talk to the french president at that time, the french president was very difficult and said that he would not follow the plan. and the french would do their own plan. and i wasn't quite sure about that. but it only covers the basics of the pressure that was faced in this war. i found it a very compelling movie. i'm sure there are more horror stories. i wondered if mr. kershaw had seen this movie or was aware of it. thank you. >> yes. i have seen the movie. i am a big fan of tom selleck. but i don't think he has the same dreamy blue eyes as i kept ke did. not as good-looking. but to answer your question, there were serious problems. we did not accept him as a national leader of the french. he had not been elected. he was not an official that we could negotiate with officially.

as americans pray long, more than 12,000 gross and 5000 naval vessels were carrying out general eisenhower'sday. in this massive undertaking there was a plan for everything. except for failure. is of this operation is planned as a victory and that is the way it is going to be. they waited for one break in the weather. then it came. men were sent in by parachute and glider. on this side of the channel, german soldiers to see coming their way the greatest armada anyone had ever seen. hundreds of crash. caring brave and fun. only the ones who made the crossing to know what it was like. they tell of the pigeon back and the whistles of shells from the battleships behind them. the white jets of water from enemy fire around them. the sound of bullets hitting the still rent that was about to fall. as attached thing and the raft went down, i became a visitor to help. there was the wall that was composed of minds and tank obstacles. pillboxes. barb wire. machine gun nest. the first wave in omaha, one unit suffered 91 percent casualties. 6 hours after the landing, we held only 10 yards of beach. the br

then the eisenhower administration turned to jpl and the army and von braun. they said, can you do it? we did it in about 60 days. because we had a satellite already. what was interesting about that to me was that the foresight to put in that satellite had actual science instruments. that geiger counter found out, discovered, that what surrounds the earth are these radiation belts which are checked earth from the sun and particles from the sun. that would essentially kill us. our molecular structure would break down. the very first time there was a space discovery, it was here at jpl, in what is called the vanallen radiation belts. it was about life, it was about how precious life is here because of the way our earth and the radiation belts are arranged. the interesting thing is this is there is not nasa yet. what jpl january 1958. -- nasa was formed later that year. what jpl wished to do was science discoveries. these were turned to a new organization called nasa. they had two goals? one was to have a human program -- go to the moon with astronauts. the secon

. >> eisenhower was in charge of the operation. he was the overall commander in chief, and field marshall montgomery was in charge of the invasion force once it got into france. >> breaking through german defenses into occupied europe would be a monumental task. >> in massive quantities, tanks roll from the nazi production line. >> despite an obvious nazi advantage, the concept of an allied invasion still haunted hitler. >> hitler issued fear directive order number 51, saying the greatest risk to the germans was british and american landing that he anticipated in the west. that was when he appointed rommel to command that and he began shifting troops from the east to the west at that time. >> the germans were building obstacles for three years prior to the invasion and they were formidable and they put the obstacles in the water that would deny ships the ability to land, there were mines in the water as well. the beaches themselves were just littered with obstacles. >> almost a solid wall of steel and iron and guns. >> this feat of

eisenhower developed a really strong esprit de corps with american soldiers. he cared about them and he knew it. that was one reason why they fought so hard and so diligently on his behalf. of course, the harder they fight the war, the sooner the war will be over. another element i would like to show you is a weapon that we have over here. this is an 81 millimeter mortar. i mentioned this a little bit in some of our talks prior to all of this. my good friends mike and andy are going to tell us a little bit about that. >>> hello, everybody, i am here to talk to you about the 81 millimeter mortar. this was actually designed by the french in the 30s. the u.s. army got a hold of it, they really liked the idea because up until that point, mortars were not really transferable. once they got into place, they sat there. world war i was a lot more stagnant than world war ii, also, they knew that they wanted have a more mobile war and this fit the bill. the germans had a similar weapon and fired an eight symbol, centimeter mortar. we could fire their rounds out of ours,

to take just one example that was mentioned, look at someone like right eisenhower -- dwight eisenhower. midcentury american religion requires understanding eisenhower's role in the military. what he brought to bear when he got to office, when he became a member of the presbyterian church in washington, d.c. and was part of that political scene were certain understandings of military/religious clerics is a scm, that a basic acceptance of god and morality was enough. you did not have to dwell on the theological details. in many ways, that was a vision that many americans coming out of world war ii shared, but it was also a vision that could be co-opted by others who sought to use religion for other purposes, more divisive ones, because someone like eisenhower understood the perceived shared understanding was not, in fact, shared, but used by others for different ends. if you look at that moment, it moreso the moments when conservative, sectarian oriented religious groups wanted to enter the military, and in fact made very distinct decisions to, for example, create their own ablearies so

that is the treasury building, which is called the eisenhower executive office. yeah, as i was saying, the white house grounded not always a quite as nice as they do today. in the great rush to complete the white house before president john adams moved in on november 1, 1800, the landscape was left completely neglected and unimproved. as we have heard, it was still full of temporary structures needed for building the mansion. this included the carpenter shed and the houses is that house the workman on site. as well as unused construction materials and even heaps of garbage. many of the trees had been used for firewood. the ground itself was terribly uneven and marked with holes used for firing in the brick helms. in short, it was deplorable. abigail adams was understandably less than impressed, and wrote to her daughter that the place had "not the least fenced yard, or other convenience." so, she still saw the landscapes potential through all of this mess and closed the know by saying, "it remains a beautiful spot, capable of every improvement." uld lie have a wo

toward the end of the war she became part of the personal staff of general eisenhower. this is this young woman from ft. kent, maine, end of route 1. she's just kind of indicative of the women who served during that time. it's wonderful to hear the stories of the families that come in or they've had a teacher or whomever who served during world war ii. you know, those women changed america. they came home from the war. they had the g.i. bill. for the first time they could go to college on their own or get some training on their own. and they did. they became our teachers, they were business leaders, they were involved in their communities in different ways because of the things they had learned in the military. they were parachute riggers, link trainers where they taught men to fly. they served in various places here in washington, d.c. many of them served in intelligence areas, were part of the team that broke the japanese code. >> x-ray technicians, inspectors of harmy meat, teachers schoolig our soldiers. wacs are classification experts, assignment interviewers. >> s

in the success of the operation in iran convinced the eisenhower administration the cia was given a green light to intervene in guatemala. the operate. it was named success. edward bernays efforts were bearing fruit. but. the cia supported an opponent of the other bench regime. out of mass. he became leader of a national liberation army trained by the cia. the plantations of the united fruit company became reincarnate basins. in june 1954 the capital quite a modest city was gone. over power of how kobol are bands resigned on the 27th of june in a radio broadcast. they use communism as an excuse. but the truth is different. in reality it's about financial interests. those of the united fruit company and other north american monopolies. they've invested in latin america they fear the example of guatemala could spread to other nations. after becoming president with support from the united states custody a lot of mass cancelled the measures taken by the outer bands government. land reform was abandoned the land was returned to united free. but neither stability nor security followed. after th

enduring eisenhower under god went into the pledge of allegiance. the progress started, he is religion in his inaugural than any other president has ever h had. >> this is 70 who do not go to church. this is an amazing thing. but here's the thing that is important to understand. he was combining the notion that there should be a strong american lor equal ism for plurm that did not exist before. >> that was because of world war two. >> everybody gets drafted and they're all in the same and eisenhower said i think every american should have a strong religious belief and i don't care what it is. and he's made fun of for that and it sounds like he has a very good religion. but we live in an important moment because we went from a country that said the heart of america is religion to the heart of a country of freedom. there are two really different things kids comparing ourselves to the fascist and no when you have the advent of these amazing things called the intolerant trios, these are all the sudden thousands of cases of rabbi and a minister and a pri

kennedy thought eisenhower mismanaged the country. eisenhower was smocked that kennedy could become present. little legislative experience and a lot of money. but if you looked at the scene you would never know that. you would never know from what they said about one another during the next three years of the kennedy presidency. that's a time i wouldn't mind getth back to. >> john meacham, same question, 60 seconds of brilliance required. >> it's an age of anxiety and fear. an age -- information age, skill is more important than manufacturing age brawn. it's people are worried about broadening conceptions of identity. worried about changing demography. and the story we have to tell is not partisan but historically based one. we have always grown stronger the more generously we applied what thomas jefferson wrote in the declaration of independence we are all created equal. that doesn't mean we end up in the same place but it means the eras to which we build monuments, we want to commemorate, the eras -- the stories we tell are stoers i

history lesson. >> did get coverage for the first day or so, by the way, there were tanks, fdr, eisenhowerurations, special vip tickets were given to trump donors and allies and rnc sort of undercutting at least in advance the nonpartisan theme. >> well, i think the president could have had the speech, the tanks are not my speed but the president's speed, god bless him, i do have a problem how tickets were distributed, the national celebration, during that particular time all members of congress, all 535 of them are issued tickets, here none of them were and all to rnc for purposes of ginning up political support. [laughter] >> anyone could go. vip section, the white house says this was standard practice with the tickets and dnc, meanwhile the district of colombia here is pretty ticked off because all the added security and logistical clause and national park service diverted 2 and a half million dollars for event that was supposed to be spent on improving parks across the country. >> coverage has been uniformly negative in the district for maybe viewers at home who don't want local news,

and also eisenhower had the tanks rolling down during his inauguration. do we have them, guys?y are coming out. it's not like donald trump is the first guy to say let's bring out the tanks. the tanks are definitely something, you can see it right there. the top is from eisenhower other one you are looking at right now. and that's not north korea. then john kennedy used tanks in his inauguration. it's just absurd. but even more than that. the left is cry babies. kaepernick is imrieg those stupid sneakers. betsy ross is a racist and segregationist. when barack obama used the betsy ross flag for his inauguration. do we have that. there it is. there is the betsy ross flag at obama's inauguration. now five years, six years later it's the sign of racism. chris, why don't you just admit the left has gone over the deep end. >> i think you try to paint everybody on the left with a broad brush. judge jeanine: they are all raising their hand. >> i have no idea why they are upset about that flag. i have been trying to figure it out. our founders weren't perfect. did colin boycott "hamilton

and in the book you said we'll use that's wokes from eisenhower to get at reagan. so it's interesting the kind of close knit nature of the personalities. but then you also have people like george schultz, edward she robert mcfor land and a guy named richard pearl who in his small arms control community is -- how to put this nicely -- doesn't he a big fan base. but the way he characterized the meetings happening, it seemed very mission oriented. there seemed to be a clear eye on what could be, and so i just wondered, is there something beneath what you say in the book about those characters? was there more miss chief than i greens. >> i could talk to them and obviously 30 years later they were keen and happy to talk but it without any pressure. that was really nice. talk to pat buchanan, was the head of communications, or admiral poindexter the national security adviser, for example, and for them it's good memories. it was nice to have them talk about it, and dig a little bit. the feeling i have reading the notes, they were sending to each other at the time, within

on eisenhower yes. we opened on april 13th 1962 with a big bang. 6 nighty night. and discussed 2 to 5 months each of the pieces got 500 a week to get the navy i'll never forget how a kid from the port who might have been able to shout out some orders suddenly had to announce the beatles. on the t.v. i was all over the planet. i think the stock market starts for the fab four's meteoric rise. because. they played a total of $79.00 gigs that. would he says were ecstatic there was live music to 6 am 7 days a week.

eisenhower had a military parade.nprecedented, and i think people are making a lot of fuss. >> mike: eisenhower had tanks rolling down the street. jfk had missiles actually in the parade, so if you go back some in history, it's not that big of a deal. >> and it's not just the military that we want to celebrate on this day, but the military is a big part of why we do have our freedom secured and it's important that we not forget that. >> mike: we hear hail to the chief playing on the national mall, that means president trump is a writing let's listen in. musical mystical [hail to the chief instrumental plays] ["hail to the chief" instrumental plays] [cheers and applause] [crowd chanting "usa"] [cheers and applause] >> president trump: hello america, hello. the first lady and i which though mike wish each and everyone of you a happy independence day on this truly historic fourth of july. [cheers and applause] today we come together as one nation with his very special salute to america. we celebrate our history, our peop

james square and the location from which dwight eisenhower led the planning for d-day. the planning for the day. it was standing on the beach of normandy with other world leaders last month remembering together all the was given in defense of our liberty and value in the most inspired me to come today to give this speech. eisenhower once wrote people talk about the middle-of-the-road as though it were unacceptable. things are not all black and white and there have to be compromises. the middle of the road is all of the usable service and the extreme right and left are in the gutters. i believe that seeking the common ground and being prepared to make compromises in order to make progress does not entail a rejection of her values and -- our values and convictions by one iota, rather it's precisely the way to defend them. not by making promises you cannot keep or just by telling people what you think they want to hear but by addressing the concerns people genuinely hoped and showing that cooperation, not absolutism is the only way to deliver for everyone. for the future i

the lowest moment of eisenhower's was "operation wetback" and trump praised eisenhower for his worst moment. he likes detention camps. he likes arguing about immigration and saying who is the real american and who is not with himself being the judge. the big question is, in 2016, you could have said trump is a one-offer, third party billionaire. he now is a proud overt racist, and if the american people vote for him, it really does tell us a lot about our country this late in the 21st century. >> peter, you heard lindsey graham say the squad, those women, that they hate israel. the president also said this. watch. >> you look at what they've said. i have clips right here. the most vile, horrible statements about our country. about israel. about others. it's up to them. they can do what they want. they can leave. they can stay. >> so listen, it's true that representatives omar and tlaib have made controversial statements about israel. >> they are american citizens and american members of congress. they have the right to have any opinion they want about america and israel, right? just

eisenhower said we came as liberators, not conquerers. western europe was liberated by americans and british and what's forgotten is by the summer of 1944 in western europe, over 70% of the dying and fighting was done by americans. us brits don't like to say that too often, but you did most of the fighting and dying and finished the job in western europe. thank god. we had no one left and you guys did, and the reason why d-day is so important is because if we hadn't invaded or, rather, if that invasion had failed, all of western europe would have within communist. france is about to go communist anyway. that's why we liberated paris because eisenhower and churchill and roosevelt were scared to death that we would have done this at d-day, won the battle of normandy and all the france would have been taken over by the communists because it was about to. we put de gaulle in. as a figurehead and as long as he wasn't a communist he would have put tom and jerry there. western europe was liberated with the sacrifice of thousands of american live

without a great government investment in the support of president eisenhower implemented through theegendary work we would not have the whitewater reactors. we made the basic design of the naval reactor developed through the submarine program converted to use for domestic energy production. we can do that again. the united states in the form of dod is interested possibly in developing microreactors to use as low enriched uranium. that would jumpstart this industry and that would become available for the advanced generation reactors. i could say more but i want to leave time for questions. the book is up there and they say a pictures worth a thousand words. we will see about that but in any event it's an issue that has consumed my energy and attention for as long as i've been working in this business since 1975. how can we at least the benefits of atomic without the tears of a nuclear holocaust. the book has more on that. thank you i look forward to my conversation with bob and the rest of you. thank you. [applause] >> thank you dan. i've like to welcome all of you to today's meeting

dwight eisenhower rises from ninth to fifth. learn more about the lives and leadership skills in c-span's "the presidents" available where ooks are sold or at c-span .org/theppts. >> we'll take you live to london for a debate between mr. hunt and mr. johnson. this comes to us courtesy of itv.

soon i was able to photograph some of the events when general eisenhower came back to the states and was greeted in kansas city. these shots were made with a telephoto lens at quite a distance. then i was able to visit the collection of some of the weapons the germans used, just after the invasion. this is the v 2 rocket that followed the v 1s. the v 1s were a terror weapon and the v 2s were certainly the same, but that was the first time they used rockets, and they were able to shoot them great distances. the v 1s and i heard many of them come overhead were like a motorcycle engine, and whenever the motor stopped, it would caused bomb to drop. the germans had jet planes in the air before the war ended, and here is one that they actually used, and it showed a record of many american planes and if you noticed, 42 russians were shot down by this plane before it was captured by our side, and in this exhibit we see one of the japanese cam casome e bombs that was on exhibition and one of our pilots is trying it for size, and they didn't like the idea that you only had a one-way ticket bec

presidentn, by eisenhower, 15 years. rehnquist, 19 years. john roberts is the current chief justice, six years. start with fred vincent. what did you write about him? >> to parts of this. -- taken a second look at it. appointment, his little bit about his appointment and his work. through the observations of one of his former law clerks. a classmate of mine and remains a good friend. we were born on the same day. we have a lot of reasons to be friends. talking to him gave me some things i thought would b of interest in the book. my ownd source is experience. i was clerking for justice rutledge. i had a few chances to come in i have talked in the book little bit about the things i personally had contact with. some of the opinions he wrote. >> what year did you clerk in the court? >> 1947 term. 1947.me in september, i was there june and early july. >> you were there. what did you take away? >> i took away a lot. a wonderful experience. i don't cover all this in the book but i took away some friendships and i learned a lot about the law. things

in 1945 he met churchill and eisenhower. and then he just went home, back to his house, where he lived with his family for 75 years. angle, the war continued to germany. inone of those bullets came and hit me right in the brim of the helmet. so i still have that souvenir. here is the bullet. >> years later, harold's story was brought to the attention of a famous video game producer. >> wanted to get the stories of actual world war ii veteterans, thatat they could inincorporatee somehow into the videos that they produce. videogames called "call of duty." did man: i've already had a rewarding career representing artists writing the first review of basquiat, being the first person to buy his work, being jeff koons' dealer during the nineties. i've already done very rewarding things like this. i'm a stealth bomber. i can walk the walk and talk the talk of money people but i'm using the structure to put out some very progressive, radical ideas. first the challenge was economic survival. now it's how do i survive the

president urged eisenhower. we have been unable to get other nations to agree. the administration shortly will be engaged in discussion with other leaders. it may be that more will come out of this than we now know. hopes in that our even as we rest are hopes in the three men on apollo 11. >> as i walked out this morning, i felt three things, concern for their safety, great awe at what i had seen when the took off, and great pride. the ability to set aside partisanship and differences, leaders.g amongst it has been held to a minimum. i know these great managers of , they can get together for a job like this. there is so much to do, hunger in the world, sickness, poverty. we must apply some of this great talent and get it done. >> thank you very much, mr. president. nightg forward to sunday it -- night. ourre in the midst of continuous programming. night, we will show about the history of the space program. >> i think where we are better than anyone could suspect is the openness. tourists going through the space program, media cooperating. i was amazed. we, here

is now just hours away from the kind of display that another president, five-star general dwight eisenhowerapprove of. he didn't believe in showing off missiles and tanks the way the soviet union did. in 1959, he told the nation, if my message to you on the fourth of july could be put into one message, it would be state the facts and trust in god as we have done. 60 years later, president trump wrote "the cost of our salute will be little compared to what it's worth. we own the planes, we have the pilots. the airport is right next door, all we need is the fuel. we own tanks and all. fireworks are donated by two of the greats. nice!" the problem is not having to do with owning the tanks or not, it's the message they send along with the presence of troops and commanders at the president's event tomorrow, something a number of general eisenhower's successors, including active-duty officers have been talking about, including to "the new york times." maggie haberman is with us. she shares a byline on the story and is cnn political analyst and joins us now. so, what are you hearing? is there conc

is now just hours away from the kind of display that another president, five-star general dwight eisenhower didn't approve of. he didn't believe in showing off missiles and tanks the way the soviet union did. in 1959, he told the nation, if my message to you on the fourth of july could be put into one message, it would be state the facts and trust in god as we have done. 60 years later, president trump wrote "the cost of our salute will be little compared to what it's worth. we own the planes, we have the pilots. the airport is right next door, all we need is the fuel. we own tanks and all. fireworks are donated by two of the greats. nice!" the problem is not having to do with owning the tanks or not, it's the message they send along with the presence of troops and commanders at the president's event tomorrow, something a number of general eisenhower's successors, including active-duty officers have been talking about, including to "the new york times." maggie haberman is with us. she shares a byline on the story and is cnn political analyst and joins us now. so, what are you hearing? is th

this year we are celebrating president dwight d eisenhower. it is usually deemed relating to the presidency. this year's is the helicopter because president eisenhower was the first president to ride in a helicopter. >> you came to the association with a relatively new president. tell me the story of how you came to be? you associated with one another previously and then you were recruited. >> i first met stuart many years ago when i was at mount vernon doing research. my dissertation was on george washington's tomb and the memories of george washington in the 19th century. i started researching there are in 2012 or 2011. it was before they had the library. at that point in time, the staff and the materials were crammed into the cunningham administration building. it was tight quarters. we crossed paths. i asked if he wanted to grab coffee sometime and we kept in contact. i continued in my graduate studies and he left mount vernon and ended up landing at the white house historical association. 2 years later i defended my dissertation on washin

encouraged8, i president eisenhower to say let n united space program. we have not gotten other nations to agree with president -- with other nations to agree, but president nixon will be engaged shortly with more discussions. and more may come out of this than we know now. caner: that is something we rest our hopes and, even as we rest our hopes on the men on apollo 11. former pres. johnson: as we walked away i thought of three things that i felt deeply, concern for the men and their awe for what iat had just seen as they took off, and something you do not hear much about these days, great pride in my country. this.s ability to do and to do this among its industry leaders. but these great managers of all with the help of the congress, this can get -- they can get together and do a job like this. there is not anything we cannot do. there is so much to do with the hungry, sickness, inequality, we must apply some of the great talent that we find in space to these problems and get them done and do the greatest good for the greatest number. walter: thank you