eisenhower's own doctors notes are available at the eisenhower's library and his doctor said that eisenhower's hotel room exhausted and suffering from high blood pressure. the doctor said he was emotionally upset because of the exhaustion of these days and the prospect of requirements of for days to come. so although pearson had gotten some of the details wrong on the story. he got majestic it, correct. he also didn't aim his fire exclusively at presidents. he made life pretty difficult for members of congress as well. he had capitol hill riddled with people who were willing to overhear conversations and report back to him about that. he claimed credit for having caused the indictment imprisonment censure of at least a half a dozen members of congress and the political defeats of many more of them. it might not have been so bad for members of the congress if drew pearson had colin had only appeared in the washington post. but it was syndicated in 600 newspapers, which meant that their constituents back home were getting a chance to read it. among the members of congress that pearson was most f

for a month -- in eisenhower's shoes? months before the invasion, eisenhower interrogated his weatherman. why? why? he wanted to test his judgment. he wants to see what captain stagg is made of. he has to know if it's predictive powers can be trusted when the time of testing comes. there is a question for us. are your children becoming the kind of people who could be ready when testing arrives? even winston churchill questioned the wisdom of the attack, telling eisenhower on one occasion "when i think of normandy choked with soldiers, i have my doubts." if eisenhower had doubts, he has resolved them. the commander holds one last meeting with advisors. no new weather reports will be available for hours. the ships are sailing in the channel. if they are to be called back, it has to be now. i can see only man can do it. -- ike is the only man who can do it. he turns to advisors. then, he offers his own. ok he says. let's go. the allied invasion of normandy shatters hitler's atlantic wall. now, america's arsenal of democracy

after acknowledging congratulatory wires from president eisenhower and mr.i say that the next four years are going to be difficult and challenging years for us all. the election may have been a close one, but i think that there is general agreement by all of our citizens that a supreme national effort will be needed in the years ahead to move this country safely through the 1960s. i ask your help in this effort, and i can assure you that every degree of mind and spirit that i possess will be devoted to the long-range interest of the united states and to the cause of freedom around the world. so now my wife and i prepare for a new administration and for a new baby. thank you. [ applause ] >> it is the climax of one of the closest, most dramatic elections in american history. ♪♪ >>> on january 20, 1961, senator john f. kennedy, a democrat from massachusetts, was sworn in as the 35th president of the united states. next on the presidency, we'll see the inaugural ceremonies and oath of office on the west front of the u.s. capitol. ♪♪ >> members of the house of r

moment world war ii ended the cold war began and we knew remembering how world war ii ended slight eisenhower to come up with a way for the government to survive in case of a nuclear attack takes place for this edition of what made america great to go inside the greenbrier from one - - the bunker to find out what would happen if the attack actually happened but for that you have to we officially q1 a special flight to get your to one —-dash tour we have landed to white for for springs west virginia. it's a beautiful a tiny town of 3000 right away a little suspicious why would a town the small need a runway 7000 feet long? it was chosen as a place to sustain the government there a nuclear war. why? what does it look like? time to find out. ♪♪ the greenbrier in some way shape or form since the 18 thirties that took the shape in the 1920s it is a resort in great golf that that some of the stories about but it's about the cold war and white white eisenhower thought this would be the perfect place to spend $14 million to build the bunker for 435 house members in senators to work and survive if the

eisenhower's turn to vote. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> voting hours and voting regulations varied from state to state.ador of japan and his wife are among diplomatic representatives of all nations invited by the united states government to observe election procedures in various communities. the ambassador is among the observers of the polling station where voting machines are used. another famous signature on the election registers is that of vice president nixon. together with his wife pat, he casts his ballot in the small town of wittier california where both went to school, or both were married, and where today they cast the most important vote of their lives. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> senator kennedy and his wife, jacqueline, vote in his native town of boston, massachusetts. photographers and reporters are all around them, for this is the man who, in the next 24 hours, may become president of the united states, and she first lady of the land. in the cities of america, in thousands of election precincts, the signs for the special day are everywhere. with quiet pride, people go to the polls. today, perhaps more than

that's what eisenhower's identity. he was right. is what the whole world called what saddam did 11 years ago? he said he was liberating a real province of iraq and so forth. i don't know if any of his people believe that but his soldiers didn't want to hear to fight for that. but it was aggression. and on the basis of that word. i'm giving a talk about a rack. i'll try to stop now if it's not in the book, obviously. but i can tie it up with the book quickly. on the the basis of that not just a word but the reality that saddam was violating the central principle of international order for the last several hundred years. the one thing everybody agrees on. what is aggression very hard to get agreement on that usually? but once in a while. you get cons? ensus that's aggression. someone did that all his allies just about supported us. we use their bases. they chime down. they did everything and they weren't all that great friends of us either at that point. but aggression that has to be stopped. well, he ain't gonna do that to us. where

interstate system the five stars symbolizing eisenhower's five-star general and eisenhower's a fiscal conservative, but he didn't like spending the the government's money. he like trying to achieve a balanced budget and he achieved three actually while he was president, but he thought having a interstate system and the huge government spending that went along with it. it was a it was the largest public works project in history, and it went for decades after a 1950s, but he thought this was important it was important for economic stimulation. it provided jobs in terms of building the roads, but it also facilitated the movement of goods and services north-south east west it promoted tourism americans could get to cities and parks and and recreational sites, but it also helped with national security. i mean in case of an emergency like a nuclear attack, which was a threat in the 1950s. it could help evacuate cities quickly and it could help move military vehicles quickly along along the freeways. so this was a a development in the 1950s that that went hand in hand with the importance of

we're not just -- we don't want to just rebuild dwight eisenhower's interstate highway system for the 21st time. we want to move into the 21st century, and that means in park making a down payment in this bill on the transition from fossil fuels to clean energy. we need america to lead that global transition, not fall behind china and europe and other countries. so for me and i think for most democrats, that bipartisan compromise, even if it doesn't include everything joe biden has proposed, it has got to include the money for electrical vehicles and for upgrading our electrical grid and other climate change-related measures

eisenhower and mrs. nixon follows by mrs. johnston, followed by mrs.♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ [applause] >> the joint congressional committee having escorted, now joining presidential parties on the platform. >> mister president, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens of this republic, we are here today to inaugurate the 35th president of this union and free people. it is my high honor to begin this event representing the united states marine band under the direction of lieutenant we colonel shopper, which will play a special arrangement of a song we all cherish. america the beautiful. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> the crowd remains hushed until the completion of america the beautiful. [applause] >> well, audience now rise for, as richard arnold kushing announces the invocation. >> and the name of the father, and of the sun, and of the holy ghost, amen. in this year of our lowered 1961, we ask the almighty god to enlighten us as we may know are personal responsibilities. and we may know as americans our political, social, and humanitarian responsibility. that we may know as citizens of

he was the campaign manager for eisenhower and also a big executive at pan am. this guy, to the left of nixon, is glenn sayborg, who discovered 11 elements, was a professor at cal berkeley, was also in the manhattan project at uc, and also was the co-winner of the nobel prize in 1951. so, he is a leader of, and later on moving for peace, arms control, et cetera, but these are the kinds of people who are there. now, is it a problem in america that people have a secret society at yale that -- and with yale's connection to the intelligence community, is it a problem they gather in places that are defined as secret, the bohemian grove? is it a problem they are there without press, meeting and chatting? maybe, maybe not. is it a problem that they put on robes on one of the first days and have a ceremony in front of a giant statue of an owl in which they burn a human effigy in a ceremony called the cremation of care. i mean, it's weirder, right? so, when someone is inclined to conspiracy theories, sees what the american government actually has done, sees the connectio

but even dwight eisenhower made a comment when dwight eisenhower was spring commander of europe and heard about the bomb even told the press he did not see the reason for dropping that quote unquote awful thing because an awful lot of the military felt the japanese were already getting ready to surrender. who knows, we will never have an answer for some of this. but, truman made the decision and he was at least comfortable with the justification even though this indications he regretted it later. >> harry truman of course left office in 1953 and live for almost 20 more years before he died in 1972. there was plenty of time to consider that very fateful decision. there are several essays in this book, who did you asked to contribute and why? >> luckily enough one of my colleagues in the history department the university of texas michael was writing are still getting ready to publish from we were planning this book we found out he was doing a search in writing a book about the aftereffects of the bomb and nagasaki. spent quite a bit of time working on the issues had gone to japan time there

he says by 1954 president eisenhower is going to sign a treaty with the aliens that says, look, you want to come along and experiment on humans, that's fine. we'll look the other way. we'll even build secret bases for you to do so like area 51. but in return we want secret advance technologies, the two most commonly pointed to being beam weapons and time travel, which apparently the u.s. has hold of since 1954. so what they're doing with it, i don't know. but apparently they do have it. in case anybody's wondering according to cooper the alien ambassador name is his most omnipotent highness crill. so even in alien relationships the pach remarky still holds well. anyone want to take guesses which heroic president is willing to stand up to this? of course jfk. once again we see conspearicist again a form of counter factual history coming into play. whereas oliver stone's counter fact to history says if kennedy had lived he'd have fulled us out of vietnam. cooper's says that if he'd lived he would have revealed the truth about the aliens and also about the fact that the cia controls the wor

eisenhower and mrs. nixon, followed by mrs. johnson, followed by mrs.♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ the joint congressional inaugural committee, having escorted, now seat the presidential parties on the platform. [ applause ] >> mr. president, mr. vice president, distinguished guests, fellow citizens of this great representative republic, we are here today to inaugurate the 35th president of this union of free people. it is my high honor to begin this event by presenting the united states marine band under the direction of lieutenant colonel albert f. shauffeur which will play a special arrangement of a song we all cherish. "america the beautiful." ♪♪ ♪♪ >> the crowds remained hushed until the completion of "america the beautiful." [ applause ] >> will the audience now rise as his eminence, richard cardinal cushing, announces the invocation. >> in the name of the father and the son and the holy ghost, amen. in this year of our lord, 1961, we instill almighty god to enlighten us and we may know as men our special responsibilities. we may know as americans of a political

she actually got along very well with me eisenhower. she got invited to the family quarters before --. did she also had a good relationship with mrs. johnson as as nancy had just pointed out she and mrs. johnson new one another for the years when she was the second lady mrs. johnson was what her husband was in the senate so they had a relationship and mrs. johnson was very good about inviting her inviting the nixon's in to kind of see how they were going to live in the white house thing. we have one more picture on this slide of this and this was this was one of her first goals when she moved into the white house was to get the family set up so that they could be comfortable now once she does that once she realizes that then her next goal really is to think about how she is going to approach how she is going to approach her job as first lady? and this is where we get to this that that shot. i had in the beginning about about the little people the ordinary people and the big shots the the first day that they're actually in the white hous

he says, my mother was a linguist for general eisenhower during world war ii. she spoke nine languages and spoke about women in uniform and their ability to ignore the male criticism. it still amazes me that we have so much sexual abuse in the military today and adding thank you for highlighting the history of both sexes serving in world war ii. guest: that is extraordinary. the women were hard-core. there was a lot of objections to sending women behind enemy lines. the argument was the enemy will rate them and use it as a -- will rape them and used it as against us. we want to send women into battle? every military has taboo about keeping women and children out of war. what we have learned is that women will be much more likely to be raped by their own military. jim in -- host: jim is the next caller. caller: back to one of the callers who called about the promises broken p there is a great quote is that those who can make you leave in absurdities can also make you commit atrocities. it is sad that we as athe knowu >> i read a book that was -- but the same thi

mamie eisenhower, also representing from a portrait from the white house. in the life magazine, cover i was really interested in the ways that she inhabited during the 19 fifties, a kind of regressive female role and society. she really was the home maker and chief. by regressive, i mean that she was going back into the home. she had been an army wife and she very famously said that she had relied on her experience as an army wife to prepare her for being first lady. but you know, coming out of the second world war and moving into the 19 fifties the united states was focused on getting middle-class, working class white women in particular, out of the workforce, because they had gone into the war effort, into factories, and when they return from where it was important to get the women out of the drops so that they could have the jobs. so this was kind of a sexist corrective. and maybe eisenhower was a big part of making that appealing to white american women at the time. and so her interest and baby pink was a very popular color. she loved pink. she put pink

if dwight eisenhower had not comes rented to take the republican nomination in 1952, very likely, robertaft's views would have created a very different kind of international order during and after the cold war. so it is not unhealthy that conservatives are having this kind of bar fight, because that is how we both affirm the principles of conservatism, and also how we test them against contemporary challenges. my sense of what should be conservative foreign policy is grounded very much in eisenhower foreign policy. namely, a belief that the country has a right to both security and solvency, and that how we preserve our liberties and advanced them in the world needs to be consistent with the demand of our domestic needs, and with shaping the that is that i do think the architects of the american dominated international order that they brought into being after world war ii. these were not idealistic academics. they were the hardest hit man who had fought japan and nazi germany and they wanted wider margin of error in the international order before 1945 had given us. i actually think it has

eisenhower's the group that go ahead. and so on december 31st 1958 the group at jpl assembles to launch explorer one. now there are many women who are part of this launch, but not as more important than a woman named barbara paulson. and on this evening. she is the one responsible for calculating the trajectory of the satellite as it leaves earth. and so to do this she is sitting at a light table with paper and pencil. because remember she's doing this all by hand and standing over her shoulder our richard feynman the famous physicist and lee dubridge who was then president of caltech and everyone in the room is waiting on her calculations to find out if this mission will be a success. and when she calculates that yes explorer one has made it america has its first satellite the room erupts in celebration. it is an incredible moment. it is also the birth of nasa. after explore one everything changes the women leave military design behind and are now focused on space. now things are also changing for barbara here, too. macy

eisenhower. we can get there. it will take some patience and effort. host: let's take a look at your report on bridges. the report card on bridges and the overall grade being a c. what did you find? guest: the number of bridges having problems has decreased, there are over 600,000 bridges in the united states. at this point, about 7% of them require more dedicated inspections than the others. that is down

bridges, roads, airports and these are classic and for structure programs and dwight eisenhower built the interstate highway system that everybody benefits from so i think most republicans and most democrats and most americans would be very much in favor of fixing, pothos and fixing airports and these other things but the democrats are selling this on the basis of infrastructure but it has full off other stuff that has nothig to do with infrastructure. this is what congress and both parties do all the time. they look things up and we call it christmas tree ornaments to bills that have nothing to do with the title on them. i think the republicans are better off pointing out that yes, we are for infrastructure but our view of the emerging people really for all this other stuff which has nothing to do with infrastructure contributes to a data that is approaching $30 trillion and as i write in my latest book donation has been able, no superpower has been able to sustain itself over the years with massive national debt. we cannot go on a spending as if there is no tomorrow or there may not

her famous stories about when she first visited the white house, and eisenhower showed her around she had some not very nice things to say about how it was decorated and how it was furnished. so that was important. she was very young. 34 years old. one of the youngest first ladies and of course at a very tragic time, but her reading in general was low, it's since been rising as the years go by, she's becoming more popular. she didn't have much time. she had two small children. she traveled a lot, on her own, she was absent a lot from the white house. people held that against her. people held against her the kind of renovation she did on the white house. which he called restoration. one criticism was that it was two t. so she certainly jackie kennedy was certainly an important style figure. i mean magazines around the world were named for her. she was world famous. french, but she did not really have much money to work with, it's often said that pat nixon brought in more authentic furniture to the white house, then jackie kennedy did but she had more time to do it, and she had more fun

wonder if there is any hope for a deal on this i want to know if there is something as big as the eisenhower act that the whole project there i don't feel this is something that can happen in my lifetime we have been talking about it so long what is the biggest hurdle to getting a deal done? >> dom, as long as they are talking, there is a possibility. as long as there is a possibility, there should be hope i like to commend the president for being a visionary here and offering a big and bold plan something for the members to content with and grapple with and debate and discuss and hopefully bring to closure with the kind of bill that represents what you are talking about an eisenhower-era measure that focuses america on the future. that is what the president is trying to do he wants this new measure to be one that represents resilience, sustainability and equity with infrastructure investment and one that allows us to compete on the global stage i'm still excited about the potential for the bipartisan bill and one that is big and bold and one that meets the responsibility and challenge of th

i know of the first member of a first lady staff to be listed as government employee was maybe eisenhower's secretary the 1950s so you can see how quickly it grew. i mean before then it was just sort of even eleanor roosevelt people worked for her. she had secretaries and all but it wasn't listed as an official government employee. our question from geraldine from connecticut. were you surprised about anything in your research for this book? oh, yes, there were surprises all the time in what can i think of as an example? you're reading along and you find something that probably can't go into the book but you it surprises you. what can i say? what's the most surprising thing? i was surprised that how influential. ladybird was you know in her case she left a very full record. she left a diary that her printed diaries something like 800 pages white house diary. she was the first one by the way to do that. i shouldn't say that. she was the first modern first lady to do that helen taft had written a book about the white house and even julia grant back in the in the 1870s had written a book about

until today we have simply updated the bill first passed dpurg the eisenhower -- during the eisenhower administration. however, today's bill, for example, for the first time tackles climate change and recognition that transportation leads as a source of greenhouse gas emissions. the need to reduce burning fossil fuels as a priority in this bill to move us more quickly to zero emissions. i am particularly focused on transportation infrastructure alternatives, like those here in my district, the district of columbia, particularly transit, especially amtrak, and establishing a pilot project for reduced fairs for low-income riders. this actively discourages expansion of roads for the first time. this limitation is in recognition of climate change. instead of incentivizing more miles for roads for cars, this bill encourages safer roads for walking, biking, and scooters. today's bill repairs existing roads with climate-resilient materials rather than building new roads. the invest in america act changes course altogether in the interest of 21st century transportation realities from climate c

president eisenhower and a time when the economy was not great, insisted on the interstate highway system in order to unify the country. it was a big deal. al gore's father introduced the bill in the u.s. senate. list bipartisan. so now we have big needs. the most expensive maintenance is no maintenance. things need repair. i think in the country there will be strong bipartisanship. but let's try to find the conversation. it's a practical matter. in terms of values, china, i think that should not be partisan in any way. it should be as nonpartisan as anything. we have seen each other at new security conference, john and you have both been so central to that. when people come together to find common ground, because security is our responsibility. we have to protect and defend the constitution and americans. security, economics, government, all these things come into the category of our relationship with any country, and certainly china. i have been fighting china for over 30 years about human right. -- human rights. you try to find a place where you can come together because the world need

lind, was brought by john doerr, an attorney who served in the civil rights division during the eisenhower administration. by 1963, the department had found 35 suits -- had filed 35 suits challenging discrimination or threats against black disk -- black registration applicants in individual counties. but as attorney general robert kennedy said that was a, quote, painfully slow way of providing what is, after all, a fundamental right of citizenship. as a simple -- as the supreme court acknowledged in south carolina, in this effort, the department was seriously hindered by the burden of bringing case-by-case challenges. during the same. the department access -- successfully urged the supreme court to revisit its prior unwillingness to enforce constitutional and statutory of the franchise. the supreme court invalidated the infamous gerrymander of the city of tuskegee, alabama. which had redefined the city's boundaries to exclude 99% of the city's black population without removing a single white voter. in reynolds versus sims four years leaders -- four years later, the supreme court establishe

left washington in january of 1961 after serving eight years as vice president under president eisenhower's american combat forces in vietnam. no americans had died in combat in vietnam. when i returned to washington as president eight years later. there were 540,000 american troops in vietnam. 31,000 died there 300 americans were being lost every week. and there was no comprehensive plan to end the united states involvement in the war. i implemented a plan. train and equip the south vietnamese withdraw american forces and end american involvement in the war just as soon as the south vietnamese had developed the capacity to defend their country. against communist aggression now on this chart on my right you can see how our plan has succeeded. in june of 1969. i announced a withdrawal of 25,000 men. in september 40,000 december 50,000 april of 1970. 150,000 by the first of next month may 1st. we will have brought home more than 265,000 americans almost half of the troops in vietnam when i took office. now another indication of the progress we have made is in reducing american casualties. cas

the eisenhower center was the starting point of the national world war ii museum. he has authored and co-authored more than a dozen books on american military history, including "a war to be one: fighting the second world war." the pritzker library awarding -- awarded him the lifetime achievement award for military writing. allan: thank you for that introduction. i am honored to share this panel with tami biddle. i am sure that her presentation will be quite illuminating. she has always been both educational and entertaining. the first slide please, tyler i do not know who said this. send me more trucks could be attributed to almost any general officer in the u.s. army in the second world war. many success stories focus on automotive development and use of internal combustion engines to fight wars. it really is the big development of the 20th century when it comes to mobility. i would say the army in the 19th century was faced was fundamentally a strategic mobility problem, to protect oceanic and territorial frontiers, usually by extending presence on rivers and ra

and this is the party that was ultimately of lincoln and reagan and eisenhower and the bushes.l actor within the constitutional system. right now it's not. and in foreign policy speak you always try to figure out is there a rational actor in a negotiation. right now there's not a rational actor, the republican party is not acting in rational way, so what do you do? you make the case, right? and case i would make is that conservatives say they love history, so let's talk about history. the history of the united states, the reason this -- i believe -- continues to be an experiment worth defending is because it's been devoted to an idea that in fact we are all created equal and endowed by our creator with certain inalienable rights. and we adjudicate our differences, struggle and words of parker adopted by king, try to bend the arc of the moral universe toward justice and sometimes it does, sometimes it doesn't. only bends toward justice with more people like smith and less like mccarthy, more people like john lewis and fewer like bull connor. "a," people argue for the truth, and

dwight eisenhower is not a politician. he doesn't like politicians. to core ral the right party. tough job. >> lbj. >> poor lyndon johnson. he said yes to ben bernanke john f. kennedy's vice president because he thought he had power. he expected an office in the west wing. oh, no. john f. kennedy had no interest in giving him power. he makes him the head of the national space council. it sounds really cool, but when he did that, he was not expecting to send people to the moon. lbj was not a happy guy. >> turned out okay for him. how about al gore, the least sexy one. >> al gore, when bill clinton chooses al gore, he makes it clear, another southern politician, young men, they're going to be partners. al gore got substantive assignments in 1993, in the first year of his first term. secondly, he's involved in a relationship with russia. they're running very important discussions partly leading to the denuclearization of parts of the former soviet union. big deal. >> dick cheney. >> dick cheney. dick cheney runs george w. bush's search for vice president

live on the eisenhower executive office building. pres. biden: the july 4 day. in just four months we have made incredible progress getting people vaccinated quickly. efficiently and equitably. nearly 170 million americans of every party, every background, every walk of life, have stepped up, rolled up their sleeves, and gotten the shot. 52% of adults are now fully vaccinated, including 75% of all seniors. 28 states and the district of columbia have achieved 50% of adults being fully vaccinated. it is clearer than ever, the more people we get vaccinated, the more success we are going to have in our fight against this virus. since january 20 -- and we are talking about 15 months ago -- the average daily cases are down from 184,000 to 19,000. below 20,000 for the first time since march 2020. the average hospitalizations are down from 117,000 to 20,000. death rates are down over 85%. this did not happen by chance. we got to this moment because we took aggressive action from day one with a whole of government response. used every lever and our -- we expanded it in a

not 1959 not all due respect to president eisenhower and the interstate highway system that was important. now we have to have other features that relate to broadband, to water systems that are now over 100 years old. the list goes on. you can't build back better unless you have more people building back better. child care, enable women to participate. home health care, family and medical leave, the child tax credit, issues like that that enable families to fully participate in the economic participate and at the same time that children and their loved ones safe. so again, we have to build back better with women. we must also address the economic inequality. some of our members said build back better with equity. and some members of the select committee on economic disparity and fairness and growth. and we have to listen to those in most need. and openness. listening to everyone concerned. it is a priority of addressing the wealth and financial disparity. it is broad and across the board. some of you have written about how this just persists and i won't read you my dear colleague that quo