it will fuel the energy for the refining of electricityion, not the discovery of it.opper and nickel are different. they're much more resource-limited and the fundamental sib mining capex is down 40% since 2013 in nominal terms. if you think about it in real terms, even more, and explore raugs for key metals that will feel the energy transition is down 30%. >> okay. so i want to get back to the investor impact. when you talk about the decline in capex, what does that mean for investors who are trying to invest in the global supplier, obviously benefit that supply may be limited. does that mean right now is the time to invest? >> yeah. you can see with the volatility especially with some of the key metals you have this shark fin of demand that's coming and you don't have the mining companies investing in supply, and that will put pressure on pricing. if you look at gold stocks, which gold is a precious metal, obviously not involved in the energy transition bks u they're trading it 4 1/22 times. copper, is the key metal because of the conductivity of that metal. those s