his parents were members of small printed baptists emancipation churches. people generally don't know this. as lincoln himself said, he was raised to be anti-slavery. he went down to new orleans twice. he was shocked at what he saw. the open-air auctions and his cousin said he would strike a blow against slavery. lincoln, when he he was a state legislator in illinois which, i'm from illinois, was the most racist statement in the north at the time. lincoln is a state legislator in the 1930s. he proposed in the illinois state legislator a bill for emancipation in the district of columbia. that was the most forward thinking thing that you could do at the time. while it's true that he evolved that he grew, he deepened, his thoughts in response to events and circumstances and reading in his own experiences, he was always antislavery. in slavery. in 1858, before he was president and his house divided, in his house divided speech, he said he is determined to put slavery on the course of ultimate distinction. began in 1854 with his speeches in springfield and peori

his parents were members of small printed baptists emancipation churches. people generally don't know this. as lincoln himself said, he was raised to be anti-slavery. he went down to new orlea t

his parents were members of small printed baptists emancipation churches. people generally don't know this. as lincoln himself said, he was raised to be anti-slavery. he went down to new orleans twice. he was shocked at what he saw. the open-air auctions and his cousin said he would strike a blow against slavery. lincoln, when he he was a state legislator in illinois which, i'm from illinois, was the most racist statement in the north at the time. lincoln is a state legislator in the 1930s. he proposed in the illinois state legislator a bill for emancipation in the district of columbia. that was the most forward thinking thing that you could do at the time. while it's true that he evolved that he grew, he deepened, his thoughts in response to events and circumstances and reading in his own experiences, he was always antislavery. in slavery. in 1858, before he was president and his house divided, in his house divided speech, he said he is determined to put slavery on the course of ultimate distinction. began in 1854 with his speeches in springfield and peori

followed by the emancipation proclamation is a one-to political punch. then it will go to charleston, west virginia. then it will be for five years. they will bring it back to wheeling for the second time in 1875, and it will remain there for the next 10 years until 1885. then it goes back to charleston. the river was known as the floating capital. west virginia followed the united states customhouse that was never his the capital of west virginia but for 2.5 years was the capital building of the commonwealth of virginia, and that means the whole state from charleston to the chesapeake, if you were loyal to the union then this was your government. this was your capital and this was your government. are not you recognize the government enrichment. the richmond government did not recognize this government. the important thing is the united states of america recognized the restored government of virginia in wheeling as a legitimate government of virginia. way, this is the only city in our nation that can say it was the capital of two different states. wheel

the first reading of the emancipation proclamation took place with him seated in a chair of his own and the cabinet members seated in this type of chair. they are very accurately drawn in the painting and prints that documented that event. they stayed in use until 1869 when president grant moved the office from what is now the lincoln bedroom to the adjacent room that is now called the treaty room. it was used as the cabinet room until the turn of the 20th century. president grant bought a whole more elaborate furniture. enormous blackan marble french clock that sat on the mantle. it had not only the clock works but a barometer and calendar.

and then there is emancipation in washington. april 16 18 to two. it was the day that should live on in history, it is the only instance of copperheads of emancipation in the history of our country. and this is on a negroes outside the district. five days before the passage of they were running away in numbers. there were making their way to the city of washington having got the idea that they will be free here. it is reported that 100 to 200 slaves crossed the eastern branch bridge every week. the work of people like patsy, we would not know what we know about this. in the case of d.c. emancipation, a small number of african-americans also got paid in the case of gabriel coakley, he is one of the black folks who have manipulated the system in holda way as to buy and all of his family members so they could not be separated from him. we move out to the northeast we are allt the four places were black folks came in to work. if anyone hears that the benning in minnesota, that was the builds withfort nine sides. diameter 350 yards. behind the ford there

i think the best example would be the emancipation proclamation, which is the 1863 proclamation that it was a military order. it said, the union armies will liberate slaves. as captured enemy property, essentially, which what a legitimate use of the war power, and that was controversy at the time. can the president even do that? but that's what really killed slavery. that's what made it impossible to go back. - >> if the professor can elaborate. it is really interesting -- lincoln did not think he had constitutional authority just to abolish slavery in the states. that would be the president making a law. but he thought he had authority as commander-in-chief of the military in time of war to take military measures to subdue and overwhelm an enemy force or power, and part of the traditional law of war, as luke explained, was you could free and convert the enemy's slaves into your resources. so lincoln's theory of the emancipation proclamation was a constitutional theory that the president military power permitted him to seize resources and convert to union advantage by permanently fre

lincoln signed the emancipation proclamation and saw the 13th amendment get through congress before he transitioned more importantly because of the inability of people to face the truth and live with what is truth and to learn from it, historians have been teaching us. this is why we are experiencing exactly what the previous question said, it continues to reverberate. emulate carry think it's great access. >> thank you for your comments. >> when i we will say is this what is dramatic to me about politics in general the sound doctrinaire ever justified positions have become. the thing about lincoln's politician is a change his mind. his mind. he worked with all sides of the aisle. the split between andrew johnson and the radical public i don't think it would've affect that is the kind of flexibility and understanding. don't burrow into the particular aeruginosa five position thank you. >> attribute to the united states. >> wonderful. >> thank you very much. >> i'm a member of the lincoln group of dc having a symposium this saturday a legacy of lincoln in the civil war in my question go

so they created a rhode island regiment, a group of emancipated slaves given their freedom in exchange for service, and their owners were compensated. this was something washington very slowly agreed to. he knew he needed more bodies in his army, so he was willing to accept this one outstanding example of african-americans serving. he did not want to make it a nationwide issue. he knew that southern slaveholders, fellow slaveholders from south carolina and georgia and virginia were not going to agree to the idea of arming blacks. at the other end of the scale from the black soldiers being emancipated from slavery were the militias in places like virginia, where men were afraid to leave their homes to defend their state because they were afraid, if they left, their slaves would leave. militias in places like virginia had really terrible service records during the war. thomas jefferson learned this in 1781 when he was chased out of richmond by a british army led by none other than benedict arnold. isn't history wonderful? benedict arnold in virginia with handcuffs for thomas jefferson. t

to really show the world about how struggle can also create emancipations. and i think that that is central to what this building is trying to say. >> still ahead on talk to al jazeera. he was commissioned to design a pediatric cancer center. david adjaye talks about his work in rwanda, stay with us. >> we're in the "prairie state" yet we have such little of it left. >> now old-school methods meet cutting-edge science... >> we've returned this iconic mammal to illinois. >> with a much bigger long-term benefit. >> grasslands have a critical role in climate change. >> it's exciting. >> techknow's team of experts show you how the miracles of science... >> this is what innovation looks like. >> can affect and surprise us. >> i feel like we're making an impact. >> awesome! >> techknow - where technology meets humanity. >> i'm lisa fletcher and this is talk to al jazeera. my guest this week is the architect designing the national museum of african american history and culture, david adjaye. >> most architects spend years, and years pursuing a degree. you have one

to really show the world about how struggle can also create emancipations. and i think that that is central to what this building is trying to say. >> still ahead on talk to al jazeera. he was commissioned to design a pediatric cancer center. david adjaye talks about his work in rwanda, stay with us. >> follow correspondent roxana saberi on a personal journey. >> this is the first time in 20 years i've been back to my mother's homeland. >> a special in-depth look at japan. the legacy of the atomic bomb. controversial american military bases. and the country's evolving identity. >> i'm lisa fletcher and this is talk to al jazeera. my guest this week is the architect designing the national museum of african american history and culture, david adjaye. >> most architects spend years, and years pursuing a degree. you have one year of formal architectural training. what do you think... >> you did your research. busted! >> well, it's very interesting, though. what gave you the courage to just carve your own path like that? >> when i started, i was extremely scared

to really show the world about how struggle can also create emancipations. and i think that that is central to what this building is trying to say. >> still ahead on talk to al jazeera. he was commissioned to design a pediatric cancer center. david adjaye talks about his work in rwanda, stay with us. >> i kept trying to make him not be a boy... it's not working. >> transgender children. >> i'd sit alone, i'd eat alone, i have no one to talk to. >> some dismiss it as a phase. >> we're trying to pigeon-hole him into "tom boy". >> but is it reallt a crisis? >> when your child wants to die... that's what changes parents. >> meet the families on a life changing journey. >> i finally get to blossom into the beautiful flower i am! >> i'm lisa fletcher and this is talk to al jazeera. my guest this week is the architect designing the national museum of african american history and culture, david adjaye. >> most architects spend years, and years pursuing a degree. you have one year of formal architectural training. what do you think... >> you did your research. busted

600,000 americans and it's a failure of the political system that these politicians could not get to emancipation without war. as someone who covers politics and cares about politics, but to me is so dispiriting that i really did not want to write about it. my publisher had other ideas and was pretty clear that i was writing a book about the civil war. so i started to think about that, but i actually had had absolutely no idea what that book was going to be. i knew it would be about women, and plenty of the others people. people always say to me why do you write about women? why i guess the fact that i menace kurds via other half of humankind think they should have a book written about them. i would actually argue that history is not accurate without knowing what the rest of the world was up to. so i know it was going to be about women and that i would make great discoveries. i knew i would find a wonderful women's women's letters that would just delight me. i have to say, the men's letters, particularly, particularly in the pouting. but throughout our history are so studying, adding the and read

thousand americans and a failure of the political system that these politicians could not get to emancipation without war. somebody that cares about politics, that to me was dispiriting that i really did not want to write about it. but my publisher had other ideas andso was pretty clear that i ws writing a book about the civil war, so i started to think about that, but i actually had absolutely no idea what that book was going to be. you know, i knew it would be about women, plenty of the others, and people say to me, why do you write about women. hu? seems fairly obvious to me. the side of the fact that i'm in a skirt, i do think that the other half of human kind should have books written about them. [applause] and i would actually argue that history is not accurate without knowing what the rest of the world was up to. but so i know it was about women and i knew that i would make great discoveries. i knew that i would find wonderful women's letters that would just delight me. i have to say the men's letters particularly in the founding but throughout our history are so studied ands edited an

and great men focus of the rotunda is now mediated in other parts of the capitol, most notably emancipation hall and the westward expansion corridor, this more expensive history need not negate the role of leaders such as washington and the architectural and pictorial continuum of the rotunda. although the statue was outside the capital, when the fresco was painted, his work recalled his place in the narrative sequence in the rotunda. it traces the achievements of the earthly life and his elevation from earth to cosmos. mortality to immortality. the facial features in the painting, but you see here, resemble those of the sculpture. both convey a stern image of power and authority can to roman gods and leaders. as you see with the image of titus. it is echoing the earlier statue's gesture and facial features. it diverts in other ways. it avoided the controversy of partial nudity that plagued the ill-conceived statue. with the help of an architect and engineer, he concluded the actual and imagined commemorations. within the unique public and ceremonial space of the capitol rotunda, the intera

to really show the world about how struggle can also create emancipations. and i think that that is central to what this building is trying to say. >> still ahead on talk to al jazeera. he was commissioned to design a pediatric cancer center. david adjaye talks about his work in rwanda, stay with us. >> these people have decided that today they will be arrested. >> i know that i'm being surveilled. >> people are not getting the care that they need. >> this is a crime against humanity. >> hands up... >> don't shoot. >> hands up... >> don't shoot. >> what do we want? >> justice. >> when do we want it? >> now. >> explosions going on... we're not quite sure - >> is that an i.e.d.? >> "faultlines". al jazeera america's award-winning investigative series. monday, 10:00 eastern. on al jazeera america. >> i'm lisa fletcher and this is talk to al jazeera. my guest this week is the architect designing the national museum of african american history and culture, david adjaye. >> most architects spend years, and years pursuing a degree. you have one year of formal archi

they fight before the emancipation proclamation is issued. they have -- the promise of nothing. nothing. they are not fighting with the promise of their freedom. they are not fighting with the promise of even being paid. nothing. they are fighting with nothing except hope. following the civil war, it is very interesting to note there reunions forrs' many years of quantrill's raid on lawrence. the perpetrators, the men who wrote with contrail -- rode with quantrill, had reunions on the missouri side. that is one example of how the few did not die when the war was over. there is still a lot of animosity between kansas and missouri. now it plays out in sports events rather than on the battlefields, thankfully. animosities died hard. one of the things that i think remember important to order number 11 -- the federal's try to create a demilitarized zone. the guerrillas in western missouri would not have a safe haven. he effectively cleans out 3.5 border counties along western missouri. had he included kansas, had he cleaned out some of the east kansas counties, had he done things dif

that draftede man the legislation for the emancipation in d.c. he also drafted the legislation for the collapse of the black code in the district of columbia. he deserves to be better known but he is not taught about in our schools. even though folks who live while he was alive and he died in the united states capitol building on stage and still fighting. he was a man who was born under blinding poverty. this was not his given name, his father offered to rename him to honor a rich patron. he had a natural affinity to the poor and suffering and the dispossessed. that it is critical for us to understand how d.c. could be so important to the slave trade. among the early victories of the slave power on the banks of the potomac, the government was located in a unity -- the burninging of influences of the slaveholding society, more significant and disastrous still, the fact of the district of columbia compromise the government and committed ignition -- the nation to the existence of slavery, giving it proceeds if not respect ability, it could never gai

it would've been used in lincoln's caplet best cabinet room during the emancipation proclamation. they are very accurately drawn in this painting and the prints from the painting the documents that particular event. in 1869, president grant moved to the office from where lincoln had it in the lincoln bedroom to an adjacent room called the treaty room. that was the cabinet room until century, atthe 20th newh point he bought a cabinet and new chairs. black marbleormous french maid clock that sat on the mantle. it has a barometer and a calendar and a thermometer. you can monitor the conditions indoors, not outdoors. this sat on the mantle also from 1869 to 1902. it would be how the cabinet, when it was in, kept track of what was going on. one of the things that happened in the 19th century was that if the president came into office and saw things he did not find stylish, the government authorized public sales of white house things. some of these kinds of things that were the most historic that did not leave, there are only four of the chairs that we have had continuously since the 18

they revolt against all kinds of inequality and work towards emancipation.is what dalit means. today we are 260 million dalit s. india theled in scheduled caste. amy: explain what this caste system is. >> it is in great of inequality -- no indians are equal. indians are always put on hierarchy. at the end is the dalits, the untouchables. in the social hierarchy, dalits are put underneath. there crumpled, trash, there violated. violence andce crimes against them. women still do manual scavenging. women are pushed into prostitution because of poverty situations. in india, if you look at the therty situation, 49% of dalit, much are experiencing the poverty in india. crimes against them, atrocities against them, social inequality -- but also shall indicators today, they are the lowest of the low. side they face inequality of caste, you are in untouchable, even if you are educated and come up, they think, where is this woman from? amy: this woman just came to our suit a few days ago, the general secretary of the all india dalit women's rights forum. i asked her a

shaimaa ali is calling for an emancipation on wheels. in early may, she invited biker groups from alexandria and even cairo to demonstrate on the famous corniche waterfront promenade for women on motor scooters. she had to apply for a permit from the governor. it was by no means certain she would get it in a state that keeps a tight rein on all forms of public assembly. her father, a former professional soccer player and referee, is proud of her. >> what's the problem with a woman riding a moped? nothing. i see it as protection for a girl. if she takes a taxi, the driver can always take advantage of the situation. >> but not everyone is as tolerant as her father. >> people who are very close to me have said, if you write a motorscooter you won't find anyone who will marry you. why are you doing this? but i didn't believe them. >> indeed, she has been engaged for a year now to a man from her motorscooter circle. writing her motorscooter gives her a feeling of freedom, but more than that, every ride is another little demonstration for wome

seen in present -- in images of president lincoln in his cabinet room, the first reading of the emancipation proclamation took place with him seated in a chair of his own and the cabinet members seated in this type of chair. they stayed in use until 1869 when president grant moved the bedroomrom the lincoln to the adjacent room that is now called the treaty room. bought a whole new a stage with much more elaborate furniture. he also bought an and or miss black marble french maid clock that sat on the mantle. it had not only the clock works but a barometer and calendar. thermometer so he could monitor the conditions indoors. it did not have an outdoor gauge. untilat on the mental 1902 and would have been the -- a would have been how the cap kept track of time. one of the things that happened in the 19th century was that the president came into office and had things he did not find stylish, the government actually authorized public sales of white house things. with some of these kinds of things that were the most historic that did not leave, there are only four of the chairs that we have had c

linking the emancipator by reaching out for civil rights.thought that blacks would join the republican party. this was fanciful, if not romantic. [laughter] we affiliated with the republican party if they produced growth and gave jobs. that was half of it. the other half of the lincoln playbook was that everybody should rise. the idea of america is that everybody has an opportunity to rise, regardless of who they are. basically it was for working people. kemp believe that as well. john: you have a historically large field in the republican party right now. dickstein candidates. is or anybody in that field. -- 16 candidates. is there anybody in that field where you see a glimmer of jack kemp? >> i think you see a little but it of it in jeb bush. not so much the dynamism. you see it in the tax cuts of jeb bush and the donald trump. they are reducing the rates. reducing the rate to 25% of the trump bill, 28% on the bush bill. kemp would have liked that. what he would have hated is what republicans are saying on immigration. they have become the

later, they celebrated in central kundis, calling themselves the emancipator's.ne man said that they will once again rule under sharia law. the fight has tracked civilians in conflict zones. the area has long been known as the taliba stronghold, but the assault seemed to take afghan security forces by surprise. four hours a try to -- four hours they tried to fight back, and believe they would be successful. >> refight that in -- we fought back and defeated them in many locations. i'm sure we will be victorious. >> but later, the taliban wasted their flag over the city center where they have already released their fighters. this archived footage shows the military camp where the german army with through from afghanistan to years ago. now the afghan army and police forces are organizing their next -- their next operation here and the fighting is set to continue. sarah: let's switch gears and go over to our business desk now, where ben sizzlin will be speaking to the man whose organization blew the vessel on both -- blew the whistle on volkswagen. ben: volkswagen's

the first reading of the emancipation proclamation took place with him seated in a chair of his own andhe cabinet members seated in this type of chair. they are very accurately drawn in the painting and prints that documented that event. they stayed in use until 1869 when president grant moved the office from what is now the lincoln bedroom to the adjacent room that is now called the treaty room. it was used as the cabinet room until the turn of the 20th century. president grant bought a whole more elaborate furniture. enormous blackan marble french clock that sat on the mantle. it had not only the clock works but a barometer and calendar. also a thermometer so he could monitor the conditions indoors. it did not have an outdoor gauge. this sat on the mental until fromis sat on the mantle 1859 to 1902 and would have been how the cabinet would have kept track of time. one of the things that happened in the 19th century was that the president came into office and had things he did not find stylish any longer the , government actually authorized public sales of white house things. things go

and great men focus of the rotunda is now mediated in other parts of the capitol, most notably emancipation hall and the westward expansion corridor, this more expensive history need not negate the role of leaders such as washington and the architectural and pictorial continuum of the rotunda. thank you. [applause] debra: before we have questions, i wanted to show this as an addendum. the wonderful painting, just a wonderful visual sort of wrestling with this whole idea of national mythmaking. so, do we have questions? observations, anything? yes, do we need the mic? >> you mentioned a little bit. is there it any record of what washington himself thought of everything toward the end of his life as they were building statues and paintings of him? what did he think? debra: he really approved the houdon statue and said it was a collaborative effort. houdon went to mount vernon and spent about a week. he studied washington, it is a portrait from like. washington and is jefferson had specific ideas about they way they wanted themselves and an american leader to be portrayed. the quote about avoi

help to sing these songs of freedom ♪ ♪ it's all i have are redemption song redemption song ♪ ♪ emancipatel. it is man made and it can be overcome and eradicated by the human being. sometimes it falls on a generation to be great. you can be that great generation. of course the task will not be easy. but not to do it would be a crime against humanity, against which i ask all of humanity now to rise up. ♪ ♪ ♪ how long shall they kill our prophets while we stand beside and look ♪ ♪ we have to fulfill the poor ♪ won't you help to sing this oath of freedom because all i have redemption song ♪ all i ever had redemption song ♪ redemption song ♪ songs of freedom ♪ songs of freedom ♪ ♪ [ cheers and applause ] ♪ waiting watching the clock it is 4:00 clock it is about to stop tell him take no more she practices her speeches ♪ he opens the door she roll ares over -- as he looks her over ♪ ♪ she lies and says she's in love with him can't find better man she dreams in color she dreams in red can't find better man ♪ ♪ can't find a better man can't find a better man. ♪ ohhh ♪ ♪ talkin' to herself there's

as macarthur would report, it was from that basin of emancipated world that the nations of china, of philippines, of singapore would rise to the position they hold today. all of them to the position of the events of this world. so it's totally appropriate that we should commemorate this day and this event and remember the sacrifices of those who came before us. and above all, that we should never, never forget the cost. thank you. [ applause ] the united states navy memorial band will now perform another musical patriotic salute to our veterans. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ [ applause ] >> thank you. thank you very much. it is now my great honor to introduce a world war ii veteran, a former senator from kansas, bob dole. he's recognized as one of our nation's powerful political figures with a distinguished service that's made a difference for america. he's a decorated and wounded veteran of world war ii as a platoon leader. he was gravely wounded on the battlefield in italy and was decorated for his heroic achievement, receiving two purple heart medals, a bronze start medal. she also served a

i thought rare copies of the declaration of independence, emancipation proclamation, the 13th amendment signed by lincoln, and put them on display in major cities. i think people have liked to see these documents. another thing i try to do is find historic buildings that need additional support to be rehabilitated. monticello or mount vernon or the mansion where robert e lee lived are some places i have been involved with. do that in other areas. i am also trying to make sure people learn more about american history and try to identify things that would be useful for in gettingo my part people to know more about history. host: you don't have a foundation. you are doing this through your own auspices? mr. rubenstein: i don't have a foundation. i have not figured out any benefit for me so i find what i think i showed an unfortunate to be able to do that. host: how does it work? do people send you proposals all the time? mr. rubenstein: the giving pledge, you are a walking -- when you signed the giving pledge, you are a walking advertisement that you are giving away your money. i get reque

as mcarthur would report, it was from this basin of emancipated world that the nation's of china, of, of the philippines, of singapore would rise to the position they hold today. all of them, all of them owing their position to the events of this war. so it's totally appropriate that we should commemorate this day and this event, and remember the sacrifices of those who came before us. and above all, that we should never, never forget the cost, thank you. [ applause ] the united states navy memorial band will now perform another musical patriotic salute to our veterans. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> i haven't heard a thing that anybody said, so if i repeat something, well, let me know. i thought this would be a good place to announce my candidacy for president. some people thought i should wait until i got a little older. but anyway, i still want a recount, but that probably won't happen. sloa sloanki'm a proud world war ii veteran. that were 16.5 million of us that served in world war ii. and now we're done to about 850,000. and we lose about 600 every day. we are really the disappearing generatio

federal government in copper head involving the younger generations fight and the two massive emancipation movies. what's your take on popular culture's impact on sesqui-centennial? >> that's a great question. >> yeah. >> that's a question that people would not have asked in 1939 about the impact of movies, gone with the wind, on people connecting with the civil war. so, yeah, i mean, i saw some of those films. i can't say working at a site that lincoln, the real guy, twice during the 9.5 month campaign and spent the last part of his life in and around that area, i can't say we saw a massive uptick in visitation due to the movie. but there definitely was, obviously, a connection in the ways that steven spielberg made a lot more money than any of our civil war parks did. and so it did help when people came to the park to kind of connect people to some -- oh, perhaps away from some of the tropes of the civil war or people of the civil war, and particularly on the lincoln issue about mary lincoln, she is often been this, you know, sort of flittering moron who was dependent, who couldn't do an

i bought rare copies of the declaration of independence, emancipation proclamation, the constitution, and so forth. and put them on display in various places in washington or other major cities. and i think people like to see these documents. another thing is is buy historic building that maybe need additional support to be rehabilitated. montpelier where james madison lived. or monticello where jefferson lived. or the mansion where robert e. lee lived at the top of arlington are some places i've been involved with. so those are some things i'm trying to do. but i'm trying to make sure people learn about american history and try to identify things that would be useful for people to know and try to do my part is getting people to know more about history. >> you, i understand, don't have a foundation? you're doing this all through your own auspices? >> i don't really have a foundation. i guess there are tax reasons why you could have one or not. i haven't figured out any benefit for me. so i fund whatever i fund and i'm fortunate to be a able to do that. >> how does it work? do people s

two issued the emancipation proclamation which would free the slaves and would make the war not just about union, and or keeping the union together but about something more profound. it made it it about freedom, liberation, it gave it a higher purpose. roosevelt never quite did that with the final solution. sometimes in a hush, sometimes in a shout, shout, what we see as a result. there are millions of death that torment us, this was the other fruit of 1944. so what is 1944? 1944 is a story of great triumph. it is a story of heroic actions by fighters and soldiers of america. it is a story of fdr's magnificent leadership. it is the story of the most profound war that america ever fought and a story of leadership and decisions made. 1944 is also a story of decisions not made. is a story of tragedy, story of millions of lives who somehow slipped through our fingers. in the end, 1944 is the four is the greatest of years we can imagine. it is also one of the saddest. thank you very much. [applause]. okay i will take questions. >> hello. i was wondering what you think would have changed,

so that social service as a formerly enslaved person what the situation was and then after emancipation with a job or housing or anything so she started a relief organization and had such prominence could raise money and awareness of the issue that after her business fell apart as many other women as well. and as a result of the experience they did move out front. and to be very involved your very influential now on to the public stage themselves. after she got her husband died in jail to assassinate lincoln and called upon johnson to get him out of jail but how these women are in and out of the white house all the tired but i am so jealous. to have complete access. and then she decides to move to york to get a job as a journalist. with the first lady of the confederacy in moving to air new york city and people offered hearses -- housing but never to be fully accepted with the perfect southern bell she writes to her daughter to say i can do whatever i want to do. then she got there and was a journalist but it was page number one neumes and then she went through the devastation of grant

antislavery newspaper called the genius of universal emancipation, and he would travel around avoiding the slavery issue. they would report on the politics, but they did not want to get into it. lundy went around the country and reported there was a killing, this man was beat, here is how the slaves escape, here is how the churches have came again, real investigative reporting about slavery. as this movement grows, he has enough money to hire a new assistant. he hires a promising man from boston named william garrison. he teaches him how to be a journalist and report about slavery. benjamin lundy would go on to die and of security, and william garrison would become one of the most influential american journalist of the 19th century. he is a character in this book too. another thing you probably think thing that important francis scott key did was write the lyrics to the star-spangled banner, wrong again. francis scott key wrote the to a long,n went on interesting career in politics, which is completely unknown to most people. francis scott key was a modern washington character. after h

the army to protect the union, to save the union, but when he thought emphasis went over to the emancipationproclamation, he deserted from the cavalry. >> why did he choose mosby's command? eric: well, the fifth new york, he had already tangled with them a few times, came out on the very, very, very short end of the stick in those fights. [laughter] i mean, it is a great story that as far as i understand when i read it, when ames shows up to join mosby, somewhere out in the middleburg area, he was not mounted. so he hoofed it from the fairfax city area, germantown area, out to join up. the reason i believe that is true is because that night, he and another ranger named walter franklin turned right around and walked back into the same area from whence ames had come to steal horses as they could literally ride with mosby after that because franklin had also joined without a horse. that is the explanation given when he was finally pushed about it, why he wanted to join. >> i will just add one thing. i started on my talk by saying there is nothing unusual about john singleton mosby. but what i l