clearly a case can be made for the role of plymouth in shaping new england's congregational puritanism. way in which my understanding of early new england has changed by immersing myself and bradford and other sources is an understanding of the pilgrim relations with the native populations. as paula peters makes clear in her essay in the new addition, the natives of southern new england had ample reasons to be suspicious of the arrivals. earlier voyages of europeans had brought diseases for which the indigenous people had no defense. have witnessed, the heart affects of the pandemic sweeping the world today, we can perhaps better understand the horror of an unknown disease cutting down thousands of victims, with normal human instincts to comfort the sick and care for the dying coming means of spreading. in the region around cape cod where the pilgrims settled, mortality rates of 50% were common and some communities suffered losses of over 90%. ,n the village of pawtucket there were so few survivors that those natives remained to disperse in other communities. what had been a flourishin

, new england early on had been settled by the generation of puritans who were escaping persecution in england, on t one hand, andhe cavaliers who were supporters in eland and when cromwell and oers came to power, cromwell was a puritan. they were fleeing to ameca and settled to the south. so charles sumner to other two r people were saying it's basically a fight between new england, which included an anti-slavery standpoint by the way and the cavalier that depended on the kind of hierarchy institutions and including the institution of slavery. lincoln was aware but someone at the time said the great thing is that he combines the puritan and cavalier and i can't explain that in the book because his earliest ancestor on his father's side came over in 1637. they were puritans that became baptist eventually, but on that side he comes back to puritan new england and on his mother's side there was illegitimacy in the background. he wasn't sure who his grandfather was, but he was convinced that it was virginia planter, a man of sort of aristocracies of the south, that kind of thing. so in a

that new england early on had been settled by the puritans escaping persecution in england. and on one hand in the cavaliers to the supporters of loyalty and when cromwell and others to power, cromwell was a puritan read they were fing to america and they settled in the south. charles sumner and a lot of other people are saying it was basically fight between new england which included anti- slavery standpoint by the way. and the cavalier which believe in kind of a hierarchy and institutions. including the institution of slavery. and lincoln was aware of the puritans and the cavalier but someone of the time said the great thing about president lincoln as he combines the puritans and the cavalier. i kinda explain in my book because his earliest ancestry on this father's side came over in 1837 was a puritan. and most of his descendents puritans they cam became baptist eventually quite a bit on that side he goes back to puritan, new england. and his mother side, there was illegitimacy the background. he was not really sure who his grandfather was. but he consented to his virginia

england. so the puritans came from places where they illegally set up a church of worship, before they went to holland. they would have had some people from holland who would've come over and joined the ship, possibly in southhampton, possibly in london. plymouth would have been their final calling port. many of them stayed in some of the buildings like ireland house. or what to dots with the passengers on board the speedwell who were obviously not going to travel on the speedwell . some of them want back home, some went to holland, and some got on the crowded mayflower. it would have been an unfamiliar and alien place from those people who came from a [indiscernible] background. >> how long had most of them been away from england before they set sail? prof. stone: many years, many years. they had tried to escape england and james the first once before but were captured and brought before the king and were chastised. then they managed to get away to lyden a few years and after that were people like william brewster, and william bradford, and other guys, who are very -- who were very passionate

england. so the puritans came from places that were illegal, the illegally set up a church of worship. before it went to holland. they will head people from hollander who came over and join the ship, possibly from south london. plymouth would have been their final call import. and -- they had to fight accommodation, they were making arrangements for what to do with the passengers aboard the speed well. who obviously we're not going to travel on the speed well, some of them went back home, some of them went back to holland, the rest of them go until the very crowded mayflower. it would have been very unfamiliar and quite an alien place to those people who came from a country background. >> how long had most of them been away from england before they set sail? >> many years. they had to try to escape england first, but they were captured before the king and chastised. then they managed to get away to lived in for a few years, and guys like william brewster, and william bradford and at the guys who were very passionate, very staunch practices practitioners at the puritan faith. and so the

england. we call them separatists. they were a subset of the puritans, that group of protestant christians who had churchconvinced that the of england, the anglican church, was susceptible to corruption and had become overly catholic in its liturgy and faith and practice. they hoped to purify it, to return the anglican church to a more pristine form of christianity, one more closely modeled on the new testament of primitive christianity. these pilgrims had concluded that it was impossible to do, the anglican church had become irredeemably corrupted and they could no longer stay in the anglican church. they had to leave. they went first to holland to a bustling commercial city where for the most part they were tolerated and not persecuted as is commonly believed. they had become concerned that their children and grandchildren and subsequent generations would become corrupted by too secular and commercial of an environment, that they were losing some of their zeal and first love. they made a decision -- we will go back to england, apply for a charter to g

and the cavaliers who were the supporters of royalty in england and when cromwell and others came to power, he was a puritan and they were fleeing to america and settled in the south so charles sumner to other people were basically saying it is a fight between new england, which included an anti-slavery standpoint by the way and including the institution of slavery. lincoln was aware but someone at the time said the great thing about president lincoln's he combines the puritan and calvary. they came over in 1637 and he was a puritan and most of the descendents became baptist eventually but he runs back and on his mother's side he wasn't sure who his grandfather was but he was convinced that it was a virginia planter, a man of sort of aristocracy of the south so in the way that he associated the sense of honor this kind of southern sense of honor so he had this running through him even though he didn't want to identify with either side because a lot of people were saying i am more of a puritan background. he didn't choose to emphasize the quaker background. it turns out only one of the great-grandmothers. bu

puritans were the the ones that arrived in boston decade after the sailing of the mayflower and quickly took over new england. in one year, plymouth colony goes from being the only english settlement in the region to being a backwater. thehat is now known as great migration brought thousands into the boston area and quickly spread not only through massachusetts and maine and new hampshire but also to connecticut. it was the puritans that were really the motivators behind the pequot war. plymouth colony, their soldiers did not arrive in time to be part of the conflict as they had been intended. conflict sort of being the puritan version of wes a gusset, a conflict that would radically change the balance of power, particularly among the native's of the region, and would anticipate in many troubling ways what would happen next because the scale of what was troubling. hundreds of men, women, and children would be massacred at a fort in what is now mystic, connecticut, and this brought a level of violence and brutality that was not a part of native warfare. this was a real wake-up call to the state of any kind of