if you look at the latest enpsychly peeda, oki -- encyclopedia, doesn't serve an entry. okinawa actually 100,000 japanese soldiers died. 100,000 okinawa civilians were wounded or killed. 50,000 american casualties, 12,000 dead. all of this three months before the end of world war ii. why don't we think about it? there were a series of ripples that occurred that clouded our memory. franklin d. roosevelt died in the middle of the campaign. the war in europe ended in may in the middle of the campaign. there was something about it that didn't make sense. we took this big island and dropped the bomb two months after the end of the campaign. people were angry that we didn't drop it before. why did 300,000 people die when you had this weapon that could have stopped it. so it is a very strange battle to look at. when i tried to interview survivors or talk about the literature that came out, some great literature came out of it, william manchester, "good-bye darkness," and two things i think are important for us in the present period. if you want to learn how americans are the --