eric j. cassels professor of public health at the cornell university medical college. he writes the obligation of physicians to relieve human suffering stretches back into antiquity. he calls the leave of ciphering quote one of the primary ends of medicine unquote. the clinical guidelines for pain published by the -- states that the ethical obligation to manage pain and relieve the patient's suffering is at the core of the health care professionals commitment unquote. the american academy of pain medicine has publicized an ethics chapter or charter i guess i would say which outlines how physicians must implement both the ethical imperative to provide relief from pain and unquote. as medical professionals have the fundamental obligation to relieve human suffering they should be prohibited from imposing human suffering before birth. in its most recent abortion decision supreme court acknowledges certain ethical and moral concerns justify a specific abortion prohibition. the prevention of an intentional pain and suffering, the very core one of the primary ends of medicine