richie-- that book documented the very hard-won revolution in neuroscience as you talked about with eric kandel. namely, the discovery that, in fact, the brain structure and function is not set in stone from the ripe old age of three but, in fact, can change radically depending on the life we lead. >> rose: what next in afghanistan and the motional life of your brain when we continue. captioning sponsored by rose communications from our studios in new york city, this is charlie rose. >> rose: we begin tonight with afghanistan. this weekend a united states army sergeant killed at least 16 afghan civilians in the province of kandahar. nine of them were children. president obama, defense secretary leon panetta placed separate calls to afghan president karzai immediately after the incident. they expressed condolences and promised a thorough investigation. the president spoke out earlier this evening. >> i talked to president karzai and express mid-deep condolences. obviously, in no way is this representative of the enormous sacrifices our men and women in uniform have made in afghanistan. it does s

eric kandel, a nobel laureate, professor at columbia and a howard hughes medical investigator. so tell me where we are today? what are we going to find out on this journal snae. >> we going to speak about psychiatric illnesses today. in the last programs we spoke about neurological illnesses, disorders of consciouses, of cognition. today we're going to talk about psychiatric illnesses and the most devastating of all, schizophrenia. and we have danny hurley here who can tell us what it is like to actually experience the disease. the disease is tragic from several points of view. first of all it is fairly common. 1 percent of the population worldwide suffers from schizophrenia. two, the disease affects people early in their lives. and often is nonremitting, so it is with them for the rest of their life. so it really affects people in a very dramatic way. we have known about schizophrenia for a very long time. but we've had very little scientific understanding of it. so hip october rattees already spoke about psychotic illnesses but it wasn't really until the beginning of the 20th