my name is eric only, a professor -- many was erika lee, professor at the university of minnesota. when i am not on leave i direct the immigration history research center. this conference is phenomenal. it does not exist in many other places in that it brings together amazing scholars and experts nationally and internationally. pioneers in the ways in which we understand the consequences, the roots of islamophobia, but also in a really accessible and community engaged environment. i just want to express my foritude to the organizers putting on this third iteration of this conference. today we're going to spend more time taking about the intersections of hate. i think we got a good beginning of some of that conversation in the first primary section. one of the takeaways that i got from that earlier session is the obvious point that islamophobia does not exist in a vacuum. all the historical notes that we've been here before, another iteration or an evolution of earlier forms of state sanctions as well as private acts of hate and violence. i wanted to elaborate on that a little more.