when the ussr fell, estonia regained its freedom, and in 2004, it joined the european union.allinn has modernized at an astounding rate since the fall of the soviet union. its business district shines with the same glass and steel gleam you'll find in any modern city. yet nearby are the rugged and fully intact medieval walls, and the town within these ramparts has a beautifully preserved old-world ambiance. among medieval cities in the north of europe, none are as well preserved as tallinn. the town hall square was a marketplace through the centuries. its fine old buildings are a reminder that tallinn was once an important medieval trading center. today it's a touristy scene, full of people just having fun. through the season, each midday, cruise-ship groups congest the center as they blitz the town in the care of local guides. like many tourist zones, tallinn's is a commercial gauntlet. here there's a hokey torture museum, strolling russian dolls, medieval theme restaurants complete with touts, and enthusiastic hawkers of ye olde taste treats. woman: [ laughs ] steves: but j

might not have the leadership to push him out of a place like estonia. he hasn't tried that yet, that's the contingency, and the u.s. better have a policy and needs to be a good one. europe is in precarious position for a lot of reasons, that could be the thing that pushes it over the line. lou: and turning now to iran and the middle east, they continue to carry out cyberassaults on the white house, for crying out loud. they are demonstrating absolute disdain and a lack of even minor respect for this president and his administration. >> yes, that's absolutely right, and those critical of the -- of this administration, president obama's deal with iran, i think are being proven right. president obama and his supporters said after this deal, iran will want to cooperate with us, we'll have a detente, a rapprochement, on the contrary. we are attacked in other ways such as cyber. supreme leader ali khameini is saying here's how i read it, come along as well and making it a worse document, and we're in the process of funding and arming iran which is the leading

not only in estonia. watch what is their head, not so much what institutions they built. s got mostian criticism. defense was atrocious -- the fence was atrocious but it had to be built. it had to be built. the problem was not to much it was built but how was built. what kind of sense it was and ce it wasn'tens happy refugees were treated. i'm sure you saw the pictures of the refugees at these in railway station in need of past -- beautyrest where they were kept outside and look like the hoard, which is what i believe the government wanted it to look like so they could reach out to the right-wing party, there is a far right party challenging them in poland. it's similar to poland. the issue with domestic political gain in order to get the support of far right supporters. i believe this is what is happening in a smaller way in slovakia, in croatia. that is slightly different. which wezech republic thought would be the best candidate for a truly democratic western society. i know my times of year. i want to mention the conspiracy theories that accompany because this is not

. >> questlove: 372, estonia! >> steve: and now, here he is, [ cheers and applause ] >> jimmy: : ank you very much. welcome. thank you so much. welcome, welcome, welcome, everyone. thank you for being here. hot crowd. yeah, that's a hot crowd tonight. i love you, love you. welcome, welcome, welcome, welcome, welcome, everybody. welcome to "the tonight show." you're here. relax. we're going to have fun. let's get to some news. and then we'll start the show here. it's been another busy week of election news. and i saw that snapchat, you guys know snapchat? well, they're trying to sell themselves to canada as a way toeach millennials voters with campaign ads. of course, snapchat messages delete themselves after ten

. >> questlove: 372, estonia! >> steve: and now, here he is,

when before admitting all of these countries offer good cooperation once it became members, estonia,poland, latvia, actually all of them. so the real question is why is the european union constantly facing such real crisis. what is nationalist resistance. most people identify themselves by their national identity. this has not changed much. the culture follows institution building. the 2nd is that the european union has always been an elite project. if you put up 25 or 30 years ago of both about the european union, and many member states the vote probably might have been negative. so the elite supported to overcome the wars of the past. it is important to recall that prior to the end of world war ii more wars have been fought between france and germany than any other two countries in the world. and look at them now. it is an amazing story. it is not very much else. there is a basic structural inequality, the size of the member states. it is difficult to integrate them and bring them together. the problem of the new member states which are new members and therefore to assimilate them

it seems you could pretty much say for sure the ecb will do something despite the likes of estonia centralernors and some of the germans who want the ecb to just hold pattern, let the current qe program take effect. much well, we've heard as on whether than one occasion for mr. draghi. he has put us on notice that more stimulus is almost certainly coming. thank you very much, mark barton in london. we have an important statement, p on "bloomberg markets." president obama will be speaking in a few minutes time after meeting with his national security team this morning. ♪ mark: welcome back to "bloomberg markets," live from london and new york. this is the virgin i'm mark barton. -- european close. i'm mark barton. erik: i'm erik schatzker. right now time for a look at the bloomberg business flash. cheap gas is putting more americans on the road for the holiday. americans will travel 50 miles from home this weekend, the most since 2007. the average price for gasoline, $2.14, down $.70 from a year ago. the parent of united airlines's offering was a 15% raise next year, according to people fam

some relatively strong signals of a threat to the balkan states as well, particularly estonia, and now this, where it is an incursion. the russians deny that. but putin also said pretty clearly there's going to be retaliation, just a question of form, what do you expect the russian president to do? >> i think more likely it will be economic rather than military. the russians sell a huge proportion of their gas to turkey. they're working on a gas pipeline together. i think that pipeline may be at risk now. the flip side of it is, it also would create a tremendous economic loss for russia to lose turkey as a customer. i think we might see the russians retaliate in that regard. they might provide further support to the kurds. they've had a history of relationships with the kurdish tribes, this would send erdogan into orbit if the russians try to quietly assist the kurds in an area where the turks are very concerned. lou: you know, the absurdities begin to compound themselves in this situation. the fact that russia would be allied with iran and syria, bashar al-assad, while at the same tim

. >> on the night he lost the presidency of the united states, he is in suite 271 of the estonia hotel and begins to dictate. >> i don't like to be a failed president. they fail . >> he had time to be managing the president of the united states. a and. >> i'll have no trouble once we get to the hill. once the pomp and ceremony and no feelings other than to wish our new president well. >> yes. he did that. and every departing president leaves his successor a note. the note he wrote me, which i treasure said it was the most wonderful opportunity in the world he wished me well and wished our country well. that is what it was. >> what an experience it's been. how privileged i am. how lucky our family has been. and how much i miss my mother and dad, too. . >> thomas jefferson once said no man will carry out of the presidency the reputation which carried him into it. that seems to be true of george hw bush whose standing was at low ebb when leaving office. but the further away we get from the bush presidency, the better it looks. >> george bush was an incredible leader. he led by making toug

thought for a long time that putin might want to see if he can collapse nato for example invading estoniavia and lithuania and seeing if there is a response. the nato members do not have tremendously good military capabilities. the second biggest military after the u.s. is turkey. and the other thing that's important to recognize and important to point out because i think french president hollande is wrong about this, he thinks that russia can somehow be an ally. what the russian planes were probably doing is hitting turkoman positions in syria. i think erdogan of turkey thinks he needs to not leave the turkomans who are his allies undefended. this is why it gets so complicated. tom: very complex. clifford may, thank you, appreciate your expertise. >> thank you. tom: florida beachgoers had unexpected company while playing in the water. a shark feeding frenzy broke out near the shore of panamaa city beach, as dozens of sharks fought over bait fish swimming in the shallow surf. a crowd of spectators watched the spectacle safely from the shore. i'd stay on the shore, too. up next, donald tru

. >> what are lithuania, lafia and estonia? >> correct. >> yo-yo man named this his favorite beatles song. >> what is michelle. >> i'm in love with that song 400. >> in 2008, barack obama picked ready or not by this lauren hill. >> who are the fugis? >> yep. >> it controls most language functions. rob? >> what is the frontal lobe? >> no. what is the left brain. the brain on the left and the right. >> back to you, ricky. >> puz zler 600. >> there's a draft in the room. and this is why. marie? >> what is a door ajar? >> we'll give you that. the door is ajar. >> you're on the board. >> okay. little reading, 200. >> first and last name of e.b. white from the 1945 story. ricky? g >> who is stewart little? >> yes. >> don't tell the little kids about the plague marie? >> their report should be completed next week and then forwarded to the district attorney. abc 7 news. >> san francisco police say the 54-year-old victim of this brutal robbery caught on surveillance video will need facial reconstruction surgery. this happened in china t

geneva is a record. 14 in estonia. it is not going away quickly. these are the pictures. there for at least three days, probably longer. >> thank you. later on in the programme - the football team may be on the field, but the racism row rumbled on in the university of missouri. plus the chinese website alibaba breaks records. and the struggling economy in venezuela hits a beloved sport. >>> welcome back, the top stories on al jazeera. afghanistan declares a day of mourning after seven members of the minority hazara community were brutally killed. thousands of demonstrators gathered in front of the presidential palace in kabul to protest the deaths >>> government forces broke the siege of the kweires air pace. it's been under attack by rebels and then i.s.i.l. >>> eight south african police officers have been sentenced to 15 years in prison for killing a mozambiquan team driver. the judge scribed the incident in 2013 as barbaric. the driver, handcuffed to the vehicle and dragged by police men died in a prison cell >>> in myanmar, aung san suy kyi has called for talks with

countries are pretty mh , but it was still said to come and it is a commonly held view, not only in estonia. in other words, watch what is in their heads, not so much the institutions they build. against this background, the hungarians got the most criticism. the fence had to be billed, some had to external control be built. the problem is not so much it has been built but how it was built, what kind of fence it wereand how the refugees treated. i'm sure many of you saw the pictures of these refugees at the eastern railway station in budapest where i believe purposefully they were kicked outside. it looked like a whole are the, which is what i believe the government wanted it to look , but it was stilllike so they o -- it is aing party right-wing government, but there is a far right party challenging , as in poland, and so therefore, the issue was a domestic political game in order to get the support of far right supporters. i believe this is what is happening in a smaller way in -- inia in croatia slovakia, in croatia, and the czech republic, which we thought would be the best candidate fo

but it was still said and it is a commonly held view, not only in estonia. in other words, watch what's in their heads, not so much institutions they build. against this background, the hungarians got most criticism. the fence they built was atrocious, but a fence had to be built, some kind of control, external control over -- around the eu had to be, i believe, had to be built. the problem was not so much that it was built but how it was built, what kind of fence it was and how the refugees were treated. i'm sure many of you saw the pictures of these refugees at the eastern railway station where i believe purposefully they were kicked outside and looked like the horde, which i what i believe the government wanted it to look like so that they could reach out to the right wing party, further to the right, it's a right wing government but there's a far right party there is challenging them as in poland by the way, or very similarly to poland. so therefore, the issue was a domestic political game in order to get the support of far right supporters. i believe th

. >> questlove: 372, estonia! >> steve: and now, here he is, [ cheers and applause ] >> jimmy: thank you very much. welcome. thank you so much. welcome, welcome, welcome, everyone. thank you for being here. hot crowd. yeah, that's a hot crowd tonight. i love you, love you. welcome, welcome, welcome, welcome, welcome, everybody. welcome to "the tonight show." you made it. you're here. relax. we're going to have fun. let's get to some news. and then we'll start the show here. it's been another busy week of election news. and i saw that snapchat, you guys know snapchat? well, they're trying to sell themselves to canada as a way to reach millennials voters with campaign ads. of course, snapchat messages delete themselves after ten seconds. so, when they showed it to [ heavenly music ] speaking of hillary clinton, in an interview with kelly ripa and michael strahan, hillary said her biggest guilty pleasure is chocolate. which then got awkward when she winked at michael strahan. [ laughter and applause ] >> steve: choco

at the end of the day, every refugee could be sure even if he is sent to estonia or portugal, he would have a decent living any circumstances. that would be great to have such a general policy. we are far from that, unfortunately. it will not be imminent. that will be a policy that could cope with crisis like we are facing >> my answer is, has little to do with the immediate issue at hand. in the longer run, it is essential for the european union to work out procedures to penalize members were not cooperative and to go far away from the central purposes and standards and spirit of the european union. such measures come on out only that they don't exist but those that do exist could not be applied. if you penalize austria and they tried to do 15 years ago, every other country in the union will believe if they vote for that is next time around, they could get the bad treatment. same with hungry. it is a member of the epp group. therefore, it is impossible short of expelling the countries to to apply any serious measures. this way, the european union, i believe, will face more and more di

police say 21-year-old carril parotkov and andre turskey came from estonia. they've been running a very lucrative and debit card skimming operation, but their scheme ran into trouble a few weeks ago when a customer noticed a problem with her atm transaction, a skimming device like this one came out, too. chesterfield county police set up surveillance and the two men returned. we spoke with lieutenant steefr grohorski by phone. >> we believe they conducted at least a transaction and at which point they were stopped and there was a traffic stop. >> reporter: by 2:00 that morning police had jumped in searching the suspects' apartment. inside there was cash, lots of it $1300 in a wallet. $8,000 in a pink case. more than $8600 in a brown paper bag. two more stacks of bills all told, more than $32,000. police also found multiple credit cards and an atm skimming device used to copy card numbers. >> they've got a significant amount of money. it seemed like they were doing this pretty consistently. >> reporter: investigators are just starting to determine how many ban

and you only need to look back at what happened in estonia in 2007, first distributed denial of service attack, 2008, distributed dem of service attack both of those were by russian hacker. i learned this by my daughter to put footnotes when she said a dirty word. but these are russian hackers ssb that are going after a nation state. uniquely timed to russian troops entering into georgia. and as you know, chairman, 2008 in october is when we found malware on the defense department's networks. and if you jump to 2012, we saw a series of distributed denial of service attacks against our nation's financial systems largely attributed to iran. it was preceded by a destructive attack against saudi aramco that destroyed the data on over 30,000 systems. so from 2012 august when that attack occurred to 2013, 350 attacks against our nation's financial infrastructure. and now when you jump forward to where we are today with what has happened to target, home depot, sony and you look at what hits other countries, you're seeing that those nations who disagree us are looking at ways to come at us. usi

estonia is at 2% of g.d.p. on defense. germany at 1.3%. the german presiding officer with a good delegation stood up and said, i agree -- when i raised this question -- that it is unacceptable that the united states spends 70% of the cost of nato. you are correct, senator. that's what he told me. ecretary gates last week alked about his plea, demand to europe that they do a better job and you, i believe, indicated sometimes when we raise our spending, our allies reduce their spending. how to we deal with this? mr. krepinevich: we have inherited, we have right now, an alliance portfolio we constructed in the 1950's in a very different time with a very different security environment. i think if you look at the situation now, as we revise our strategy, i think it's also time to revise our alliance portfolio. not to say we dismiss long-term allies with whom we still have security interests but i think, for example, in the case of europe, we're going to have to look for to the eastern to europe that they do a better european countries and less

. >> most analysts think the next big putin target are the so-called baltic states, estonia, lithuania and latvia, because there is a little piece of land to the south of these three states that feeds directly to the russian military garrison of kleinengrand on the baltic sea. the fear is, if the united states does nothing, if the united states refuses to put aircraft or tags or ships in the area, putin will view it as a green light to begin to wail against the ethnic russians in those three countries and just like hitler did in 1938, seek to cut them off from the rest of nato that would be a major crisis in europe. do i believe it will happen? no. nobody knows for sure. but then again, nobody knows what goes on between the ears of vladimir putin. >> there hasn't been much done to stop him so far. so you can forgive him if he thought he could do whatever he wanted right now. general scales, appreciate your time, sir. thank you. >> thank you, leland. >>> protesters were being detained in paris after a march for a climate change deal became violent. this as president obama is en route to

a small country needs nato -- place like estonia. they could never defend themselves against russia. by being part of an alliance, they can feel secure. some countries are much bigger. germany is far bigger. the united states is by far the biggest. when you look at capabilities, in terms of the economy, they are vastly different. that creates vastly different military capabilities. even with him back, the united states has carried the vast majority of military expenditure and capabilities throughout nato's history, and increasingly so since the fall of the berlin wall. really/theirtries defense spending, and we see the effects of that. we do not want to be caring too much of the burden. host: this chart from nato shows defense spending as a percentage of du gdp. the united states with a much larger gdp, 3.6% of gdp goes to nato defense spending. you can see, 2.4 percent of greece. 2.4% of poland. 2.1% of united kingdom. guest: can i comment on that? nato, since about 2000, had a goal of nation spending 2% on gdp defense. the u.s. has

i am looking at estonia right now. brazil is a -3.1%. at one, it's positive point. brazil has got to be a leap of faith by the ocd. there is a lot of squishing its in this report. they have seen a loss of momentum in the u.s.. we'll get more with catherine. things are up here. -- cine: vonnie: david cameron will campaign to stay in the european union if his demands are met her in a is not surprised -- satisfied with the status quo. the u.k. could survive without being part of the eu. suspected -- expected to return home. fearsas in response to after a russian jetliner was brought down upon. -- the wall street journal says the move the aimed at countering russian interference. the white house and congress would have to send off on sending more troops abroad. with president obama today. they will talk about boosting u.s. military aid to israel. volkswagen says its own employees flagged the latest omissions problems. of 800,000 more cars had irregularities. employees told their superiors about the problems. almost 12 million cars of been affected. you can get more on t

estonia was mentioned as a model of a victim, one of the 1st victims,victims, but they have also built up a level of national resilience that we don't have.have. i would suggest the model of the estonian cyber defense late as an alternative jar parts that might be positive. >> one of the problems with the estonian model is the privacy issue that causes many of the industry's here, companies to be resistant to that model. senator shaheen. >> thank you for testifying this morning. if i could, i wish toi wish to ask each of you to give a brief response. do you think the biggest threat comes from the great powers, the great power competition that you refer to, or do they come from terrorist groups in non- nationstates? >> i think the greatest concern comes from nationstates. the most frequent attacks come from hackers, terrorists, and others. >> mr. clark. >> the greatest threat will be from nationstates. >> i would disagree. in terms of large-scale nationstates can bring more power to bear but this issue of frequency and likelihood is absolutely imperative. >> general alexander, i think i

ourexample i would contrast approach and the way it has not done a great job with pulling in estonia talent to -- was mentioned as a model of a victim, one of the worst victims of state-level cyberattacks, but able to build up a level of resilience that we do not have. i would suggest that as a model alternative to our approach. >> thank you. >> mr. chairman. >> one of the problems with the estonian model is the privacy issue that causes many of the industries here to be resistant to that model. >> thank you mr. chairman and take us all -- thank you half for testifying this morning. if i could ask each of you to give a very brief response as we look at cyberattacks and other attacks to our cyber grids. othery come from non-nationstates? >> i think the greatest concern comes from nationstates, the most frequent attacks come from hackers, terrorists, and others. >> i agree. i think the greatest threat is from nation states. >> does anybody disagree? >> i guess i would disagree. i think on a large scale nationstates can bring more power to bear, but the issue of frequency and likelihood

history of the world mandates less paid and protected family leave than mall at -- malta, slovakia, estonia. what does this mean for working american families? parents can't stay home and take care of their sick children, mothers rush back to work after giving birth to a child. it means working americans have to choose between a paycheck and a family be responsibilities. right now, the united states provides family leave for only 12% of its private sector work force. we're one of three nations without paid maternity leave. one of three countries. papua new guinea, oman, and you know what? the united states. three nations without paid maternity leave. america, oman and new guinea. that's really unfair, and it doesn't qualify as family values. i was pleased recently to learn that the new speaker, paul ryan, told house republicans that his family's off-limits. i don't know if that means friday afternoons or just saturday and sunday. he wants to spend more time with his family. i applaud him for that. there were some people who mocked congressman ryan for that, and they're wrong. all parents sh

contrast our defense approach and the way it's not done a great job of pulling in si silian talent to estonia was mentioned as a model of a victim of one of the first victims of state level cyber attacks but they've also built up a level of national resilience that we don't have. i would suggest the model of the eston estonian defense league as an alternative to our approach that may be a positive one. thank you. >> thank you. mr. chair? >> one of the problems with the estonian model is the privacy issue that causes many of the industries here companies to be resist aant to that model. senator shaheen? >> thank you for testifying this morning. if i could ask each of you to give a very brief response. do you think the biggest threat as we look at cyber attacks and other challenges to our power grid and to the united states come from the great powers, the great power competition that you referred to, mr. clark, or do they come from terrorist groups and nonnation states? general alexander? >> i think the greatest concern comes from nation states. the most frequent attacks come from hackers, terr

just yesterday, two nato countries and eu countries informed france, lithuania and estonia, we will not of any alliance with russia. there is such a complex overlapping everything. i think the organization that will lose is the eu. nato has teeth. you can do things with the un security council. you cannot do things through the eu. alliance all over the region are being shifted rapidly. we find ourselves in alliance versuse run, -- iran isis. it was inevitable when russians started bombing syria that they would test along the turkish border. i think this is clearly an era of heightened tension, even more than normal, and shifting alliances. i don't think people understand where it will come out. stephanie: on the tension front, another headline, the paris metro service has been interrupted on five of its different subway lines on security concerns. this isn't going away. mind inhing to keep in headlines across paris, there was a panic about nine days ago. brendan: it is impossible to walk around in paris and not see security forces blowing up somebody's duffel bag. they are on a heighten

contrast our defense approach and way it's not doing a great job of pulling in civilian talent, to, estonia was mentioned as a model of a victim of one of the first victims of state level cyberattack but they have also built up a level of national resilience that we don't have. i would suggest model of the estonian cyberdefense league as alternative to our approach right now that might be very positive on. thank you. >> thank you. mr. chairman. >> one of the problems with the estonian model is the privacy issue that causes many industries here and companies to be resistant to that model. senator shaheen. >> thank you, mr. chairman. thank you all for testifying this morning. i, if i could, ask each of you to give a very brief response to, do you think the biggest threat, as we look at cyber attacks and other challenges, to our power grid and to the united states come from the great powers, the great power competition that you referred to, mr. clark? or do they come from terrorist groups and non-nation states? general alexander? >> i think the greatest concern comes from nation states. the mo

if you go through any of these points, latvia, estonia, the far flung greek islands you have access to the entire continent at this point. >> that's true. it could be an awful follow-up on it. i think other than that, you really have to go country by country. french economy has not been particularly strong anyway. i think this will just compound their problem. euro skeptics in england. miracerciracle merkel being the leader. her domestic position is weaker, how is she going to deal with that? will she still be able to provide the same leadership? over here it will have political impact as well, but both on the immigration debate and on the debate about secretary clinton's record. i think more has political implicatio implications. >> wilbur will be with us the rest of the hour. >> washington to talk about how friday's attack in the fight against isis are playing out on the presidential campaign trail. later our political newsmaker of the morning, republican presidential hopeful and leading the polls right now, donald trump will join us live at 8:00 eastern. stay tuned, you're watching

new nato member state the on the front lines with russia, such as poland, lats via, lithuania and estonia. nato must be vigilant and protective of its easternmost states who live every day in russia's shadow. we must focus on supplying and equipping them in achieving interoperabili interoperability. increasing cooperation with finland and sweden and building a new, strong, integrated air defense system on nato's eastern border. we must also learn the lessons of crimea and develop an exercise contingency plans for dealing with future russian provocations. you know, there are no such t n things as little green men or volunteers. if they reappear, i will take u.s. forces in europe and around the world to heighten combat readiness in order to be able to intervene in support of our friends and our allies. while russia's actions are forcing us to take tough measures to achieve peace through strength and safeguard our friends and our allies, i will make it claear that the dor to negotiations remains open. i am confident that by sitting and talking together with our allies, russia and america, th

of new nato member states on the front lines with russia, such as poland, latvia, lithuania, and estoniato must be vigilant and protective of its easternmost member states, who live every day in russia's shadow. we must focus on supplying and equipping them in achieving interoperability, jointly committing to higher defense spending targets, repositioning existing u.s. forces in europe onto their eastern borders, increasing cooperation with finland and sweden, and building a new, strong, integrated air defense system on nato's eastern border. we must also learn the lessons of crimea and develop and exercise contingency plans for dealing with future russian provocations. you know, there are no such things as little green men or volunteers. any such combatants will be treated as what they are, an attacking russian army. if they reappear, i will take u.s. forces in europe and around the world to heighten combat readiness in order to be able to intervene in support of our friends and our allies. while russia's actions are forcing us to take tough measures to achieve peace through strength an

such as poland, latvia, lithuania and estonia. nato must be vigilant and protective of its eastern most member states who live every day in russia's shadow. we must focus on supplying and equipping them and achieving interoperability. jointly committing to higher defense spending targets, repositioning existing u.s. forces in europe onto their eastern borders, increasing cooperation with finland and sweden and building a new, strong, integrated air defense system on nato's eastern border. we must also learn the lessons of crimea and develop an exercise contingency plan for dealing with future russian provocations. you know, there are no such things as little green men or volunteers. any such combatants will be treated as what they are. an attacking russian army. if they reappear, i will take u.s. forces in europe and around the world to heighten combat readiness in order to be able to intervene in support of our friends and our allies. while russia's actions are forcing us to take tough measures to achieve peace through strength a