that eua for hydroxychloroquine? initially because we made the decision to go forward with the eua. >> you had no basis to say that the reward was going to be greater than the risk. you yourself said we need to study this. >> so, with anything, you use the data at the time. and as you know, the center for drug evaluation research used a published article that was performed, phase two trial, with respect to hydroxychloroquine that should benefit in hospitalized patients. it formed the basis for that risk/reward assessment, plus 30 years experience with the drug. >> a lot of good things have come out about the hydroxy -- a lot of good things have come out. >> president trump even called it -- >> a gift from heaven. >> he was convinced that it would work. >> but it didn't work, and the fda revoked the eua for hydroxychloroquine two and a half months after it was first authorized. their scientists had concluded that the drug was unlikely to be an effective treatment for covid-19 and was even tied to serious cardiac event

mentioned on the basis of their clinical trial that they are going to try to look for i recommended eua for kids 12 to 15 years old because you may recall from a prior presentation we made here on a press conference, they have literally 100% efficacy. with 18 events in the placebo group and zero events in the vaccine group. so i think that is imminent. i know they are going to be putting in for that. we had mentioned on a couple of discussions that we hoped children in high school would be able to be vaccinated by the time we get to the early fall season. with regard to children and herd immunity, again, i would like to get people away from this concept of referring to something that is very elusive in its definition because we do not know what herd immunity percentage of vaccinated people plus people who have recovered. we have made estimates that it is somewhere between 75% and 80%, but we do not know that as a fact. so that rather than concentrating on an elusive number, let's get as many people vaccinated as quickly as we possibly can, which we are doing apropos of the numbers that

the eua has gone through with the fda for pfizer and moderna. we could actually use what's called a bridge trial. meaning, we can look at the response in adults and make sure we get that same antibody response in young kids. i think because the hard work has already been done, the eua should go fairly quickly for our kids 12 to 15. >> i know you have said the faces in i cus are changing, they're younger people. is that due to the variants out there? i mean what account assumption and what is the danger in that? how are they doing? >> yeah, a couple reasons, number one, at the beginning of the pandemic, 12 months ago, we wanted to protect the high-risk vulnerable populations, obviously, this would be people over 65 that can have severe effects and deaths and dying really from covid. but now that we have more availability, with the vaccines protecting the elderly, you're actually finding that the demographics are changing. it's now the younger people. in fact, in kids below the age of 18 in youth sports, christi, people -- kids playing soccer, scr

i would not criticize the process of kind of receiving the eua.at's what we're waiting for, the six cases in the united states seem very different from what was in the trial data but, again, i think we need some of the details. however, this is exactly why i think we have a process following an eua where we're supposed to kind of re-evaluate, especially if we're looking at fully licensed products. we've seen this happen before in history with euas -- even with fda approval you'll think of the cox 2 inhibitors and post market surveillance i would tell you that i think the process is working the fda is putting a pause even after the six cases with -- they're convening an advisory committee meeting at the cdc this week. i think what's causing all of us a lot of concern with joe's point, if we're seeing this with two viral-based vaccines, is there something about the technology of the vaccine that would not have been self-evident in the data and the fda. by the way, we didn't have astrazeneca data to look at at the fda level. now i know the fda, the e

vaccines at this time because they are being administered under the fda's emergency use authorization, or eua's a legal question, can you mandate a vaccine under an eua? and the law isn't clear on that. >> reporter: state policies may also impact a school's decision. florida governor ron desantis issued an executive order banning businesses from asking to see proof of a covid-19 vaccine one day after nova south eastern university announced it would require vaccinations. the school says it is now reviewing the order. then there are schools like ohio state, which are avoiding mandates all together, instead saying everyone is encouraged to get vaccinated as soon as they are able to do so. the vaccine has been proven to be safe and effective. many schools have yet to announce a vaccine policy, perhaps an indication of just how complicated the issue is. as students remain hopeful for a return to campus normalcy. >> it gives me hope that things will be more normal than they are now. >> i'm just happy to get back and i'll be able to see my friends again. >> walking alone through a still deserted rut

that is where we had the experience, and that is what, once we get the eua emergency authorization, that is what pfizer had to have all the sites it here too -- keep it at very low temperature until it was very -- ready to be administered . since that time, companies have had a chance -- more of a chance to test the vaccine for stability at less stringent conditions, and just recently, the fda and the european agency as well have now relaxed those requirements so, no longer does the pfizer biontech vaccine have to be kept at -80. it can be kept at -20 four up to two weeks. there are more facilities around the world that have those resources and it can reach more places than it could before. host: you talk about the distribution -- it came up yesterday on nbc's "meet the press, with secretary of state tony blinken. he was asked by chuck todd about the u.s. role in the distribution globally here here's part of the interview. [video clip] secretary blinken: we have a significant response ability we will be the world leader. until the majority of the world is vaccinated will be a problem for

vaccines at this time because they are being administered under the fda's emergency use authorization or eua legal question can you mandate a vaccine under an eua and the law isn't clear on that. >> reporter: state policies may impact a school's decision. florida's governor ron desantis issues an executive order asking asking to seek proof of a vaccine and the school is now reviewing the order. then are schools like ohio state which are avoiding man days all together instead saying everyone is encouraged to get vaccinated as soon as they are able to do so. the vaccine has been proven to be safe and effective. many schools have yet to announce a vaccine policy. perhaps an indication of just how complicated the issue is as students remain hopeful for a return to campus normalcy. >> it gives me hope that things will be more normal than they are now. >> i'm just happy to get back and i'll be able to see all my friends again. >> reporter: walking alone through a still deserted rutgers campus there's no regret over their decision. >> the fun component is literally pulled out of it. >> reporter: an

catherine: the case happening here is that the euas accused ape of giving apple music, it's music streaming service, and unfair advantage over rival this is a complaint from spotify from two years ago, so this has been quite a while in the making. we boils down to the fact that apple charges quite a high commission fee for purchases made on its app store. if you buy an app, the developer of that app has to pay up to 30% commission on any earnings from that purchase. the problem is they cannot get around it. e app store is the only way they have of accessing consumers andustomers of apple products, so people who have that ios system. this poses a problem for those app developers because people with iphones or ipads represent one third of the eu market. that's right developers call it the apple tax. the second problem is apple has made these rules within its app stores where you cannot advertise cheaper options available elsewhere. that is where the case mainly lies and we can listen to the eu's competition chief to hear more about it. >> apple not only sets the rules for the app store, it al

>> the law does permit an employer to require employees to receive even a vaccine that only has an euawhether fully approved or not you have to make reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities or seriously held religious beliefs. >> reporter: when the doors do reopen, things will look very different. >> we installed uvc lights which basically has air comes into the building, it kills all airborne pathogens and brings fresher air into the building. >> reporter: at rios, a design firm in los angeles, they're also installing massive fans, spacing out desks, and opening garage doors what was your number one priority >> our primary priority was to really find a genuine way to do it for ourselves safety as a baseline but then we started to implement bigger ideas of really understanding what to do in the office when you're coming in two days a week. what are we prioritizing in our work process >> reporter: one popular new strategy, no more personal desk. instead, reserve an empty desk ahead of time on an app. your first stop at the office is actually a locker where you pick up your

rubella and all these vaccines we've been getting all our lives but right now with just having the euaceiving the children yet, i think we just have to make best recommendations for the community and go from there. arthel: thank you for delicately answering that delicate question, appreciated having you on and we look forward to next time. >> thank you. ♪♪ eric: supreme court blocking covers restriction on religious services in california. the latest, the number of rulings that have gone against these measures. 524 ruling that happened last night, justices looked at governor gavin newsom's orders that have limited home-based religious worship and bible studies and prayer meetings at home. more on the impact of this and what the ruling said. reporter: the ruling specifically impacts religious gatherings inside private homes like bible study classes or prayer meetings and in that vote, the supreme court basically unassigned order that lives california's restrictive nonsecular get-togethers in private residencies. the majority of the opinions say california treats some comparable secular

let's move on to this next question, yesterday, pfizer requested an amendment to its eua to expand use in kids ages 12 to 15 in the u.s., is that a good idea as we're seeing this surge in cases and as you were just saying, a surge in cases among young people? >> absolutely. this is extremely promising, pfizer last week announced they have data showing that for 12-year-old to 15-year-olds that the vaccine that they have safe with no adverse concerning safety signals and very effective, so far it looks like it's 100% effective in this group they're studying, i think this will be excellent because we know older children transmiss the virus similar to adults, more than younger children do, we know that older children like all children can get ill, so having the vaccine will be able to protect them but also very importantly if we have any chance of reaching herd immunity, we need to have our children to have some level of protection as well, i'm very optimistic about this, it will be a game-changer if highschool-aged students are able to be vaccinated before next school year. >> a nurse in

so everybody where it's approved through the eua, they're open, i have a 17-year-old son getting his first shot on wednesday, so hopefully, as that opens up, we can get more shots in arms, you know, i concur with the governor, more doses would be great, but getting some more people doing vaccinations on the ground is helpful and probably reallocating. we have pent up demand in some parts of the state. but in rural parts of the state, largely republican, conservative parts of the state, they're having challenges filling up vaccination slots so, you know, there's still that resistance out there that's kind of the hangover from the trump messaging and the republican messaging we've seen the last year. >> you and governor whitmer want more vaccines but in the meantime the biden administration says they're sending more cdc, more fema personnel for contact tracing and testing. is that good enough, at least for the short term? >> listen, like the governor, i'm thrilled with what has happened thus far, and if they say they'll send 50,000 we'll want 100,000. if they say 100,000, we want 200,0

a zeneca hasn't even applied for an eua in the united states for that drug. think we'll ever see that. you know, there was some hesitance toe let go of that vaccine, you know, for fear of manufacturing problems with the two rna vaccines or the j&j vaccine and we've already seen hiccups in the plant that actually makes the astrazeneca vaccine in the united states, but i think the supply lines are very secure now for the vaccines that we have. we have 60 million unused dozes in the community, and this vaccine should go to places that really need it, like india. yesterday the united states had 33,000 cases and india had 350,000 cases and their case curve is vertical right now. >> yeah. >> so we really need to get them vaccine as quickly as possible. >> the head of the european union told the "new york times" that americans who have been fully vaccinated against coronavirus will be allowed to visit europe this summer. is there a safe way for americans to vacation abroad? >> yeah. the safe way is to be vaccinated. the sticky point, and it looks like the object of

. >> the fact that following the eua, we have continued to follow very carefully any possibility of adverse events, i believe, is the other side of the coin of hesitancy. it should reinforce in those individuals how we take safety so seriously. >> six women between the ages of 18 and 48 developed the unusual clots after receiving the j&j vaccine. one died and the other is in critical condition. again, the risk is extremely rare. about 1 in 1.1 million. still, the pause has resulted in a ripple effect around the globe, australia, south africa and several european countries have pulled the j&j vaccine from circulation and preemptively canceled future orders. joining me is the co-director for vaccine development at texas children's hospital, dr. peter hotez. dr. hotez, i understand the desire to be as transparent as possible. i understand the desire to get out there and talk to physicians and alert them to this possibility. i understand all of that. what i don't understand is why they're pausing it while they do that considering it is just six cases out of around 7 million doses. it seems like

we've never had euas issued for a novel virus. we have had euas issued before. the pandemic. some of us don't even remember now, but h1n1, we've had a number of these types of authorizations issued. anytime there's a pause, these pauses commonly get scrutinized and in most cases get lifted some when the data supports it. i do think you'll see the fda being forced to look not just at the safety data, but i think even if they take off this pause, it's going to be very hard to walk back from any confidence people have had. i have already had -- i had patients today scheduled today with johnson & johnson. we have been pausing, but it will be hard to pick up the phone and say, remember, we paused on that vaccine, now there are appointments. and moderna and pfizer are sitting there and potentially offering that to them. it's going to be hard to talk about this. six cases out of 8 million creates less than 100th of a percent. it's not a trivial number, but it's just something to take in mind that that's the type of thing that we're going to be looking at. our regulator

>> i think what it means is that pfizer will ask for their eua to be for those 12 years of age and aboveso far. we've enrolled our first five. we'll start more this week. i think it means in the next six months or so we'll have vaccines for younger kids. >> so i want to talk with you about that. your hospital has thousands of volunteers for this research. you mentioned younger kids. is it the possibility of studying kids ages 2 to 4 in the next phase? if so, how will that work? >> actually, what we'll do is a deescalation. so start from 5 up to 12. then if everything looks okay, then go to 2 to 5 years of age and then six months to 2 years of age. our number one thing is safety always. that's why we're going slowly. doing a few kids to make sure the side effects look okay and then move down in age. >> i'm curious, how did you get these volunteers? it's hard to get kids to do much of anything. >> how many lollipops did you have to invest in? >> for the teenagers, they told their parents they wanted to volunteer. i talked to a lot of teens, they said it's important that we do this. if we d

but they are waiting for the fda to give it the eua, right, the emergency use authorization.en that india is already using the astrazeneca covid vaccine, is that a prudent decision by the united states to wait for that fda approval to send it to india, or should it be sent now given the scale of the crisis there? >> well, my understanding, poppy, is that they're not waiting for an emergency use authorization. they're waiting for the fda to certify that the standards for those vaccines in manufacturing, that they were safe. they were done properly. and that's very important thing to do. you wouldn't want to send doses overseas that haven't been certified as being manufactured appropriately. astrazeneca has not submitted the vaccine to the united states to request an emergency use authorization, but it has been approved in other countries. so if it has been shown that it's been manufactured, we can certify that these doses are proper, then giving it makes a lot of sense. i would encourage the administration to think beyond that. transmission anywhere in the world poses a risk t

and we have achieved success as identified last night by the fda when they approved eua of the pfizer vaccine. now we will begin distribution of safe and effective vaccines to the american people. you have heard me refer to today as d-day. some people assume i meant day of distribution. in fact, it d-day's military designates the date the missionbe begins. d-day was a pivotal turning point in world war ii. it was the beginning of the end. d-day was the beginning of the end. and that is where we are today. split that's her last december when that leading individuals behind the development of the vaccine the chief -- former chief medical officer for pfizer paid back to your phone calls. next is greg joining us from alexandria, virginia, good morning thank you for waitingan basement good morning thank you for taking my calls. i have taken the vaccine, had good reaction to its.ha i think the only reaction i had was a headache after my second dose knows the pfizer vaccine. my question is related to vaccine related deaths. what has been reported?d? and what is been basically been confirmed?

vaccines at this time because they are being administered under the fda's emergency use authorization or euat clear on that. >> reporter: state's policies may impact the school's decision. the schools said it is now reviewing the order. then there are schools like ohio state which are avoiding mandates all together, instead saying everyone is encouraged to get vaccinated as soon as theys are able to do so. the vaccines have been proven to be safe and effective. many schools have yet to announce a vaccine policy. perhaps an indication of how complicated the issue is. as students remaining hopeful for a return to campus normalcy. >> it gives me hope that things will be more normal than they are now. >> i am just happy to get back and see all my friends again. >> reporter: walking alone through a still deserted rutgers campus, cal, has no regret. >> the fun component is literally pulling out of it. >> reporter: your view is the key to get back to the fun is being vaccinated. >>> drop the gun now. stop, stop! >> calls for an accountability after an unarmed black man is shot by deputy. >> we got

use authorization the official claims the process should be pretty straightforward but extending the euaetaliating for the u.s. expulsion of its diplomats is few weeks ago. fred pleitgen is live in moscow. fred, what's going on here? >> reporter: hi there, christine. this has pretty real implications for u.s. citizens who are here in russia who are living here in russia and who potentially want to stay in russia as well. the u.s. is drastically cutting its consular services in russia, only emergency services for u.s. citizens and the u.s. embassy in moscow is also urging all u.s. citizens whose visas are expiring or have expired to leave the country by a deadline set by the russian government for june 15th. on top of that also no non-immigrant visas will be given out to russian citizens unless it's more diplomatic reasons and so you can see a drastic cut in the consular services here in the russian federation by the u.s. embassy. of course, all of this is in the wider play of the diplomatic spat that's been going on between the united states and russia. of course, you had the biden admin

so pfizer has already applied for an eua for adolescents. 12 to 15.ery, very soon. so that's great. so basically middle school and high school kids will be vaccinated this summer almost certainly. now the schallenge is to get th rest of the kids down to 6 months. i don't think we'll have that data until this fall. it's important to remember that little kids just aren't small adults. and it's crucial to understand what the right dose of the vaccine is for children. and the only way is to trial it. we're doing this the right way, safely, but some time this fall we'll be able to vaccinate probably children as young as 6 months. >> wow. that's incredible. i do want to ask you about what the pfizer ceo is saying about the vaccinations for adults. saying that it may be possible that 6 to 12 months after getting vaccinated, you would need a booster shot. now this is something that's been talked about as you know better than me prior because that's the way it is with flus. every year there are new flus out there. you have to get a new flu shot. do you find th

that is where we had the experience, and that is what, once we get the eua emergency authorization, that pfizer had to have all the sites it here too -- keep it at very low temperature until it was very -- ready to be administered . since that time, companies have had a chance -- more of a chance to test the vaccine for stability at less stringent conditions, and just recently, the fda and the european agency as well have now relaxed those requirements so, no longer does the pfizer biontech vaccine have to be kept at -80. it can be kept at -20 four up to two weeks. there are more facilities around the world that have those resources and it can reach more places than it could before. host: you talk about the distribution -- it came up yesterday on nbc's "meet the press, with secretary of state tony blinken. he was asked by chuck todd about the u.s. role in the distribution globally here here's part of the interview. [video clip] secretary blinken: we have a significant response ability we will be the world leader. until the majority of the world is vaccinated will be a problem for us beca

far indicates that not only are you protected from getting sick, meaning that all of the trial of the eua-approvedpproved in the u.s., show that in those trials, there were zero hospitalizations and zero deaths. beyond that, there were pre-clinical trials using primates that showed they did clear the virus. meaning, they were virus free or had low levels of virus and were not as readily infectious. the trial data indicates that. it is real. the uk and cdc released data that indicates once you're vaccinated, you are not only protected from the virus yourself, but your chance of spreading it are very low. however, again, this is just, you know, very limited data. we're knocking down the data point. so even if you're vaccinated, there is still a small chance that you could potentially be infectious. however, i do want to say once you're 14, 28 days out, you should be confident that you're protected and your chances of spreading the virus are relatively low. again, we can't say that in any absolute terms. >> yeah. good point. i am still masking up, even once i get my second vaccine. i'll still mask up

highly efficacious in the clinical trials, and when you look in the real world results, following the euary fortunate that we have these vaccines. the more people we get vaccinated, the greater protection we have not only for the individual but for society in general. and that's the reason why we're putting such a big push in trying to get people to be convinced to get vaccinated. we have this covid-19 community core which is getting trusted messengers be they clergy, sports figures, athletic figures, people that the community trusts and look up to. we're getting information to them to be able to better articulate the need and the importance to get vaccinated. so we're paying a lot of attention in trying to win over those people who for a variety of reasons are hesitant to get vaccinated. we've got to do that. >> dr. fauci, i'm so worried. i remember you saying listen, america, hold on. you know, it's like spiking the ball on the five-yard line. we can see the finish line but we're not at the finish line yet. i've taken that to heart. this is the thing. the covid cases are going up. also

particularly proud of my team for having risen to the challenge once again and getting another eua clearanceful in terms of getting people back to work and back to school we envision pricing into the retail segment at a cost that would be low enough such that the retail pharmacy would be able to sell the product for less than $30 for a two-test kit. in other words, that each test would cost less than $15 >> less than $15 so do you envision this as being used by schools to test every kid when they come in the door every day? how big is this market >> well, there's a couple of different ways to think about it one is what is the actual at-home market the at-home market would include that retail segment that you just asked about, sara, but it would also include employers who want employees to be tested at home because it's significantly more convenient and of course it's beneficial to not have employees show up back at work and then there's what we would call on-site testing that's where i see some employers, like ourselves, we do on-site testing currently. but in addition, government purchases

committed to do whatever we can to collaboratively work through this process and support the eventual eual for our bayview facility for j&j >> all right bob kramer, that's all the time we have. thank you very much for being with us today. ceo of emergent biosolutions guys. >> meg, thanks so much for bringing us that. >>> up next, mike santoli looks at one market indicator that could be flashing a warning sign to investors. >>> plus much more of our ndutrview with paris hilton. fi o about her latest investments. that's coming up we see smarter software delivering cleaner power. emerson's breakthrough technology enables the power industry to integrate renewable energy sources to modernize and improve the electric grid. emerson. consider it solved. so you're a small business, and improve the electric grid. or a big one. you were thriving, but then... oh. ah. okay. plan, pivot. how do you bounce back? you don't, you bounce forward, with serious and reliable internet. powered by the largest gig speed network in america. but is it secure? sure it's secure. and even if the power goes down, your

feel like doing right nowand h didn't say anything about the fact that it was only cleared under an euacine and he even cited flu vaccines that can be difficult. it might be an uphill battle to do that, and employers really seem to be counting on encouraging their employees to get vaccinated instead of requiring it >> meg, thank you. good to see you. >>> coming up, when we return, we're going to talk about the tight housing market an ipo coming to market today with the ceo of real estate tech firm compass stay tuned, an interview you don't want to miss you're watching squawk on cnbc >>> welcome back, real estate tech firm compass is set to begin trading on the new york stock exchange today, selling shares at $18 a piece. the low end of the range, already downsized. joining us to talk about all this, robert reffkin, the compass founder and ceo. dprachlation dprachlation -- congratulations to you on this milestone we've been following the creation of this since the beginning. it's great to see you on this day. when we introduced you, robert, we called this a tech real estate firm. the big

understand you are taking the data to the fda to try to expand the indications for this drug under eua in the pandemic. >> right, so, thanks, meg, for having us on we should take a step back before we dive too deeply into the data and just remember that we've got a war going on literally, we're trying to win this war through vaccination, and that's probably our strongest weapon but unfortunately, this war is fought far from over this 70,000 americans every day who are still getting sick with the virus and we need to have other weapons, besides the vaccine, to be able to deal with this pandemic. and our cocktail has really showed some striking data. a while back, we've shown that you can actually, if you have the disease, if you have covid, and you are an outpatient, and you're at risk, we can decrease the number of people who get hospitalized or die by 70%, by treating these appropriate patients early today's data, we've now taken that step, even one step further, and we can treat people before they're infected, and we can show, you can block 80% of infections in people who are at risk

age 16, it does seem like they've had the results longer than they did for the initial studies to get euaow, maybe a little less i don't want to comment about the potential timing of an authorization given that i'm on the board. i expect them to authorize the vaccine in younger populations in terms of urgency, the goal is they're going to have it done in time for the school year perhaps done in time for the camp season but i think when you talk to public health authorities at the federal level and state level, they want the vaccine available to children. >> dr. gottleib, thank you great to see you have a good weekend. >> thanks a lot. >> andrew? >>> coming up, thanks, becky, when we return, inside the gop's counter offer to president biden's multi-trillion dollar infrastructure we have the woman leading the charge from the right. shelley moore capito we'll ask her what she thinks of those reports that the president wants to hike capital gains taxes in a big way on the wealthy. we'll have that conversation coming up right after this you're watching "squawk" on cnbc [music: “you're the best

have similar safety profile and so as soon as we have the data, we file it to the fda in the current euais ongoing we are very fortunate that many people around the country volunteered very quickly my team estimates one of the fastest if not the fastest kids study enrollment they've ever seen it's really wonderful to see people wanting to help and contribute to science. so as we said, this is going to be mostly done at the end of the year for data to young children 6 months to 11 years of age because we have to go down in age slowly for their safety and because we start at a much lower dose because their body mass is much smaller than an adult and recalculating it >> stefan, a brief one for you before we let you go you also announced today you have data suggesting your vaccine can be stored at a regular fridge temperature for up to three months for a month now. do you expect the fda will be able to grant authorization for your storage in that way how much easier will that make distribution in the u.s. and around the world >> it's a great question so, actually, when we launched it -- meg,

>> the law does permit an employer to require employees receive even a vaccine that only has an eua,for people with religious believes or disabilities. >> as air comes into the building, it kills all airborne pathogens and brings fresher air into the building. >> at rios, a design firm in los angeles, they're installing massive fans, spacing out desks and opening garage doors. >> what was your number one priority? >> our primary priority was to really find a genuine way to do it for ourselves. safety as a baseline. but then we started to implement bigger ideas of really understanding what to do in the office when you're coming in two days a week. what were we prioritizing in our work process? >> one popular new strategy for employers, no more personal desks. instead, reserve an empty desk ahead of time on an app. >> your first stop at the office is a locker where you pick up your own keyboard and mouse. then you head to the already sanitized desk and get to work. >> and these changes will last far beyond the pandemic. >> it definitely was a long-term investment. for us dwb we wanted