they just don't get the understanding of the eucharist. and i think part of it is you got to kneel down when you see the eucharist. you've got to focus on christ. he truly is the body and blood of christ, that is the ancient and current teachings of the church. >> piffle. we will give the website where you can read more about all of these things. purgatory. >> the church is always said exists. it has never said anyone is in. the presumption is that they are there, for the reason they don't say that is in the new testament, jesus says, who are you to say who is good or bad? that is god's decision alone. the reason it is so important is it means, i truly have free choice. i can choose not to love god. i am not -- i am not compelled. that's the way he made us. that's the whole point the story of adam and eve. >> purgatory. >> purgatory means that if you're going to be in heaven, you can't have all of these faults. you've got to be a nice guy. you can't say, i like chris, but he's got a lot of problems there. purgatory is the taking away of th

the true presence of jesus in the eucharist? >> father: that means jesus is truly present. i think this is an enormous challenge in american society. i see many young people who are good catholics, they just don't get the understanding of the eucharist. i think part of that is you have to kneel down and be focused on christ. it truly is the body and blood of christ, it is the agent and current teachings of the church. >> chis: again we will give the website so you can read about these things. held in purgatory? >> father: the church has always said that held exists. it has never said that anyone is in hell. the reason they don't say that is in the new testament, jesus says, who are you to say who is good or bad? the reason it is so important is hell means that i truly have free choice and i can choose not to love god. i am not compelled, that is the way that he made us and that is the whole point of the story. purgatory means that if you are going to be in heaven, you cannot have all of these false. you have to be a completely nice guy. purgatory is the taking away of and p

it ruled that one needs to take confession and the eucharist once you. a command of churches -- would have affected your daily life a lot more than magna carta. and, of course, the purposes of this and don't blame the council was the fifth crusade. were as magna carta at the point december 1215 would've looked at the field piece of history of the civil war. presiding over the council be a much, much bigger deal. 1200 bishops, picture ox and archbishops -- patriarchs. so innocent was a towering figure. his relationship with john, is another story a fascinating one. so thank you. what i want to say is thank you all for coming today asking such intelligent questions and being such a lovely audience. it really is a pleasure to talk to you, so thank you. [applause] [inaudible conversations] >> you are watching booktv, nonfiction authors and books every weekend on c-span2, television for serious readers.d >> host: we are joined now by jeanne theoharis who is a professor at brooklyn college and the joine author of "the rebellious life of mrs. rosa parks." jeann

my question is, you have some major cities on the eucharist and the west coast, and they take bargessh loaded with plastic bags and they dump it in the ocean at such a large freight that it washes ashore on the hawaiian islands. a lot of the islands are covered with it. it is also an environmental hazard to our food supply. that cannot break down. this: i think actually, sort of image of the barge flying -- applying its way around the coast with nowhere to put its garbage, i was a really formative moments in the american environmental consciousness. there was really just one due to essentially bad planning on the part of municipal managers who did not have anywhere to dump this garbage. that was really an aberration, and even in that case it was not dumped into the ocean. it eventually did find a home in a landfill. but that moment, that moment of the barge floating around with nowhere to go, really gave people a strong and present -- impression that we were in a crisis situation. i urge you to check out an article by my former boss, he wrote a version of this in the 90's and recentl