different rivers that were believed to separate africa from asia and europe from asia. so, "t-o" maps you see a lot of and no one predicted it was an accurate picture but was a useful way of conveying what the known world was and there were variations on the theme. and this is one of them. it is a little harder to make sense of but the top circle is this standard "t-o" world and the part with the text is asia, europe and africa and the circle around it is the ocean and there is the curious semi circle beneath, and that is a theoretical fourth part of the world and is a 10th century map and i'm not claiming that it reflects any kind of knowledge of the americas or any actual discoveries, but, it is just here to make the point that there were plenty of people from hundreds of years prior to columbus, who were theorizing about the existence of some kind of land across the ocean, that possibly was inaccessible and uninhabited, who knew. but maybe it was out there. it was a funny scheme of things but if you rotate it the world as we know it kind of comes into focus on the ri

ager at the top, europe and africa underneath. this is a diagram you see a lot of the middle ages a specially, probably dates back to antiquity and usually called the t0 map for pretty obvious reasons. the o-- o is this fear of water that surrounds the known world which is the notion that if you think about it it's around europe, asia and africa as a contiguous land mass. the t and the middle of the circle represents bodies of water. the stemm of the t separating europe and africa and the mediterranean and the top parts of the t represent different rivers that were believed to separate africa from asia and europe from asia. so to map cecile lot of. no one was for attending this was an accurate picture geographically but it was a useful dichromatic way of conveying with the known world was. there were variations on the theme and this is one of them. it is a little hard to make sense of but the top circle is the standard to world. the part of the text on it is sasia and undenied you can see europe and africa and the circle around it

we could by communist newspapers in britain and all over western europe.so we had a very this'll to lose in this. communist systems have a lot of this. i think that there are some lessons for dealing with the islamic states. so, for example, the more interaction with iran the better. but, you know, a political judgment, how would you can get away with and what levels of society you can conduct discourse. the more the better because this weakens the whole of totalistic ideologies. >> i'd teach here. there are those who say that gorbachev knew how to start the process, but he did not know have to finish it. i take it that you are less critical. you seem to assume that he knew all along what he was doing, or most of the time. if my assumption is correct how do you explain that some of his closest advisers, especially jacobi, became as critical as he has? >> well, i don't think that gorbachev knew where he was going to end up. far from it. my point is rather that his view is involved tremendously, you know, from used. communist reformer. by 1988 somebody wante

whereas in europe the issue is whether the muslims in europe can achieve middle-class status. that issue of upward mobility is not a barrier to muslims in the united states. they are educated. their integrated into the economy. they are by and large well-to-do in many ways. they are indices for the wealth as a community, actually exceeds averages of many other ethnic groups in the u.s. so it's a very different, if you would, environment between these two. >> is the use of the middle-class and above significantly more inclined towards a democratic viewpoint, or are they more influence by the elders believes? >> i think there's definitely a globalization of information and culture does favor by and large democratic decimation. in other words, you have the youth and are acting much more through mediums of internet and modern technologies with the global culture. that obviously means that the current youth unlike a generation ago is not insular. the muslim world is not albania. there is no as we saw in iran, which is one of the most closed countries, but they're completely integra

and europe. >> thank you.my final of this question what is the explanation for the different performance between the large emerging economies especially in asia and the oldest industrialized economies? and what lies ahead? it's jorg. >> let me talk about similarities and then go and talk about differences and then give you some explanations. now in similarities, if you look at growth rates in advance economies in 2007, they were somewhere around 3%. and in 2009 they were at minus 3% or somewhat more than that. so you have the 6% reversal in growth. you look at the emerging economies, in 2007, they were around 8% and in 20092%. also a 6%. so there's a similarity. we are the advancing emergencying economies are connected. but then again i'd much rather have 2% growth like the emerging economies have that more than minus 3%. this seeds me to the second part. the dissimilarity. this is that fundamentally, the structural growth prospect of the emerging economies are a good deal stronger than those of the advance ec

europe. in other words, the local police in countries like france and belgium and holland and greece and norway and the administration's all participated and had a role in the initial stages of the final solution and identified did use and stole their property. in some cases concentrated them and even rounded them up and put them on trains. but the collaboration of those countries stop at the train station. i am not saying that to condone with those collaborators did in those countries but you have to distinguish that what happens in eastern europe with estonia, core rainn -- ukraine, local collaborators fully integrated into the mechanism of mass murder and many people were killed by their neighbors because very few of the jews were actually deported to the death camps. 10,000 from croatia, lithuania, all of the others murdered in their homes and nearby by their neighbors or locals who were members of death squads ordered local security police units. many eastern europeans new if they stuck

in great britain and europe. we ought to send a message from this place to friend and foe alike, that our resolve will never weaken, that those who choose the bullets and the bombs will gain no concessions from her imagine city's government. and that there exin -- their campaign of terror is as odious as it is futile. and terrorism flourishes, where those who perpetrate it, believe that one day terror will triumph. that's why we need order to give -- but it never will. mr. speaker, the speech reaffirms the government's commitment to pursue firm financial qualities, designed to reduce inflation. it is a matter of deep regret to me that inflation is now more than 7%. and high interest rates, and they're not the only weapon to dephoto inflation but they are an essential weapon. >> vulgar. >> vulgar. >> i hope the abatement of inflation until the -- it is secure and makes stable prices will characterize the stewardship of my right honorable friends. mr. speaker, yesterday, the president of romania made a speech in bu

she recently received a carnegie scholars award last year for her work on muslims in europe. and modern the program today is zeyno baran he is the director of the center for eurasian policy and a senior fellow at the hudson institute. she's also an affiliate at hudson center for islam democracy and the future of the muslim world. and zeyno is the editor of a notebook of which u.s. and european muslims discuss ideas about countering radical islam and the west. dr. klausen's book has been described as a detective story and a definitive account of the east-west encounter over the danish cartoons. i agree though with the apple phenomenon of yale university press deciding to drop the plates of the cartoons and other depictions, the story actually continues. dr. klausen has written a serious scholarly book that's going to make, i believe, an important contribution to understanding this development in contemporary history. the issue really at hand are the limits of free speech and a pluralistic society. should democratic societies censored because of fear, and if so, fear of what? p

and then you have the italians and a huge wave of jews in europe and so on.ese people acted differently and they brought their drink habit with the. and not of cases that have violated what the tempest movement thought what it meant to be a good american. this country and we don't drink. were a middle class, properties and people and you cathodes, you need to behave in. so a lot of the cases of temperance, the temperance movement was targeted at the catholics to try to reform their way. >> prohibition actually went into effect a year after the 18th minute was passed. so it went into effect on jangly 16, 1920 or 90 years ago. on the eve of prohibition, all the you had one last chance go out and buy a call that a majority of the state of trance state are already dry. there was a mock funeral for john barleycorn. led by a man named billy sunday. he was an evangelist and former baseball star. and that this mock funeral he preached the eulogy. this eulogy he said goodbye, john, you were god's worst in me and the devil's best friend. farewell. i hate you with a per

the big chill hit nations from europe to asia. >> a white blanket over northern europe making travel heart and treacherous. it was a lucky escape for schoolchildren on this bus in germany. the driver got all 30 children off before itas struck by a trained. in northern england at several airports temporarily closed, including manchester. it was a day off for thousands of schoolchildren and a number of matches have been cancelled. poland's modest river is completely frozen with temperatures -- poland's long this river is frozen. this leads to fears of flooding. a dramatic malan rescue in japan. there are a series of climbing accidents in the country. at least three people had died. snow-related problems continue in china. passengers on this train were stopped on board for more than 24 hours. -- they were stuck on board. it ran into a wall of snow, forcing people left in freezing temperatures with no heat. in this city the freezing weather has not stopped these bathers. it is the city's annual snow and ice festival. getting out is as painful as getting in. >> the former -- the formula o

that uc especially in europe. it is in a way -- that you can see especially in europe. it is in a way to understand because you can see the way some of the smaller countries in europe are experiencing cross border difficulties with banking. if you go down that route and impose protectionism in financial services, then it carries with it some pretty negative implications. there's a lot of growth in emerging markets in recent years that has come from the opening up of financial systems and the introduction of best practices -- maybe that is not the right phrase, but certain practices from the mature economies into the emerging economies. >> i would like to move to the next question. this gentleman on the second row. >> my name is james bond and i work at a meter, which is part of the world bank group. we spent a lot of time on the financial crisis. my question is to philip suttle, and i want to ask him what will happen to the pace in europe, portugal, italy, ireland, greece and spain. in terms of what an unwinding of the eurozone would look like if it became unmanageable

in europe. he tried to suggest -- he tried to suggest that competition policy wasn't an essential part of having the single market. of course you cannot have varying subsidies if you're to have fair terms to compete with other people. if you permit subsidies, the richest country will have the biggest subsitties and there will be no common market and no single market and there for nothing for us to enjoy. he then pointed out that there were times when britain was isolated in her arguments. yes, we were isolated in the european community where we tried to get a fair deal for britain for the budget. and we stayed isolated and we stayed isolated until we succeeded and got the fair deal which -- lewded the labor government. yes, you're isolated when we had a common agricultural policy. and we got it. yes, isolated when they wanted a common withholding tax and we went on and with our argument and eventually we won. what he calls isolation is really here and winning your argument. mr. speaker, this new

so the whole question of the future of europe, was a major theme in the pages of pm and the cartoons of the whole group of cartoons here on hitler's allies. which are very telling. but this was of course not a debate that was taking place in main street u.s.a., and it was not a lot of debate taking place in the press. the "new york times" followed, and this is not the talk of the hearst press and the others who were so far on the other side, that they were at going. the final thing, of course, with pm was much the fault as the rest of the american public was in its ruthless anti-japanese bias and the cartoons, even a dr. seuss are filled with caricatures of the japanese that are pictured as being readied to attack the u.s., ready to be a stiff column, people who should be put in concentration camps and so on and so forth. and as we know, by contrast the nazi -- the german silver shirts and others in yorkville were constantly being protected by the supreme court whenever the government tried to crack down on them, they had to prove there was anything to do all sorts of criminal things

but its roots are from europe, which is weird.ause while we were studying with people like woodrow wilson we have to be more like europe, the europens were looking to america. the statue of liberty was not built with motivation to thank america. the motivation of those who built it in france not a tribute to us. it was an encouragement to france to be more like america. you know the painting that now sits in the metropolitan museum of art. this is a copy of this painting of george washington. crossing the delaware. it was painted by an american born german. as an inspiration to encourage germans to be more like americans. while all of that was happening in europe, while they said look overseas to what they're doing over there the progressives were saying the same thing. here in america, look overseas to what is happening in europe. they were studying the european way. the elite were teaching their philosophies now in our universities. they were teaching the philosophies of neche and marx and the progressives flourished in it. i ge

but in europe and asia as well.d we're going to be hearing a little bit during the answer and question period from andrew pierre who's in the audience today. honored to have you with us. who remembers being up on the hudson you campus and interacting with herman kahn back then. now, i viewed the book project on a personal level as a chance to reacquaint myself with herman kahn, to take stock of his writings and do bring his ideas really to a broader audience as we guilty plea to approach the 50th anniversary of hudson institute in 2011. and so from our varying perspective, paul's perspective as i say as a child of communist europe with the role of public intellectuals as a perspective as ceo of hudson we decided to try to something that had never been done before which was -- which is to systemize thought. those who knew herman kahn personally he had a fetteril mind and an incredible ability to make subtle decisions and he was a man of immense appetite but he was not a systematic thinker. he had a staccato manner of

just like it is in europe.you know, in europe, in japan, not every train is going 200 miles an hour. many of them are, but there continues to be a niche in the market for 110-mile service. there continues to be a niche in the market for traditional -- >> okay, but my main point is will state effort matter? >> absolutely. >> okay. that's my question. >> absolutely. a critical element. yes, absolutely. >> i said i have two questions. i have three. that's one. the second is to skancke who served as a commissioner on the national surface transportation policy and revenue study commission. he's been very important in advising us in the epw committee on how to proceed with the next highway bill, et cetera. and then i have the last question to mr. szabo. mr. skancke, do you believe d.o.t. has a realistic and workable plan to implement high-speed rail nationally? and what steps must they take to ensure we have a stable system in the u.s.? >> senator boxer, i wouldn't think the nation as a whole has a plan for high-spee

the first is the situation in europe. philip correctly mentioned parallels with the convertibility plan. these countries really have to be dealing with budget deficits that are in double digits in the middle of a recession without having an exchange rate mechanism or independent monetary policy to deal with it. that is a risk. that is a train wreck waiting to happen. the noises we are getting about greece really should be the canary in a coal mine. spain is the key one that i'm worried about, and portugal. i think we could really get a full-blown crisis in the eurozone. the second i would refer to is oil. i would just note in passing, and i do not want to delve into politics, but the u.s. is fighting two major wars in the middle east and iran is on its way to nuclear weapons. who knows what could happen in the middle east. you could get a supply disruption. that could be the death knell for the global economy. the third list that i see and in which i notice the federal reserve officials keep talking about is what is happe

-bound flights coming from europe and africa tomorrow. this requires the cooperation, of course, of other nations and their airport security personnel. but the tsa has a strong working relationship with most countries that have direct flights to the u.s. as for in-flight protocols, it will continue to be up to the pilot whether passengers are required to remain seated one hour before landing, whether they will have access to their carry-on luggage, and whether they will be allowed to have anything on their laps. lester. >> and tom, i mentioned that you just got in tonight from europe. what was your experience regarding security? >> reporter: yeah, every u.s.-bound passenger leaving brussels had to go through secondary screening. my wife, my children, myself included. security screeners patted us all down. in my case the officer patted me down from my shoulders down to my toes. he checked underneath my jeans, around my waist, and all of our hand luggage was taken apart and inspected very closely. you know, i've been flying to europe severa

can you give me a yellow umbrella that you cannot get in eastern europe? then the second woman said i have little yorkie terrier i cannot find this scissors. so i was going to berlin for monday on the festival i was close to find a yellow umbrella and a scissors which would be hard and anyplace. [laughter] i did find a blood missed seeing my film so i go back to prague i open it is paper and they said i won the gold but i was not even there to win it. but it was one of the good things. because all of a sudden everybody knew we in innovation and i was invited to make films in london and switzerland and the animation film director but the people and prague could add travel and at -- at all and those who could not go back i had a pass for and i could fly and i was confused because i would see in london tomatoes then i would go to prague and sa can i have a pound of tomatoes and nobody would have those in april. it was creating problems and i remember coming to the bar in is iraq is like the wild west for somebody said i am buying drinks for everybody not just

as the situation became more dire for a good use in europe. remember hitler went into austria and took as a pocket and began to take over europe zionist frantically said the more transfer agreements to save the jews. remember there was an important statement i won't quote you a phrase that you know, well. the world is divided into two places. those where jews cannot live and those where jews cannot go. most people think albion is water that you buy at the store but the conference live with us of what to do with hundreds of thousands of refugees where the doors were shut. palestine was the only door open. they were not allowed into most of the nations of the world. these transfer agreements have the possibility to transfer hundreds of thousands from romania, hungary, the most fun point* jews were wiped out. and transports organized and hungary by one of the members of the board of directors of ibm. imagine of the jews had come by the boatload literally into jewish palestine what happened? the war. economics stock and international trade became

are aware of the picture of where the afghan drug goes, how much goes to russia, how much goes to europe, pakistan, iran, causing deadly consequences. how much money is accrued to the insurgents in afghanistan and around afghanistan. and also of course, how much goes into the pocket of organized crime world war. above all what the report does is links the dots together and we see the health situation, the crime situation and the organized insurgency's operation all together. this is very new. >> so in terms of the figures, some $400 million a year going to the taliban? >> yes. this is an estimate which has been produced some time ago which is confirmed in this report, at least regarding the amount of money which is being used by the taliban thanks to their role in the cultivation but especially in the processing in the labs and in the exports. >> i want to explore that with you. before people thought they were just getting a take, small take, off the top. but now you're saying that it is much, much more involved than that? >> well, we should compare for example the taliban period now whe

recent events in germany and eastern europe have shown that history is a constantly moving pageant. it was john kennedy whose words we all recall of the last few days of the berlin wall. he said " some men see things as they are and ask why. i dream of things that never were and ask why not." it is because i believe that the program is in accord with the spirit of that message. i have no hesitation in commending him for the house. >> during the course of the previous speaker statements, he made reference to serve clarence. -- to assert clarence. i had many arguments with him. he is the occasion to make a snide comment about someone who is no longer here. even though i disagree with him, he was a good member. >> even before were televised, the house will have heard me say that we have freedom of speech, but every honorable manner -- hon. member -- order. the question is that an humble address be presented to her majesty as follows. most gracious sovereign, the commons of the united kingdom in parliament assembled offer mumbled thanks to her majesty for the gracious speech which her m

in europe, health care is subsidized by the government.t wasn't, so we have subsidized the health care for our employees. host: reston, va., on our independent line. caller: my question has to do with c-span and the auto companies. what is the tariff that is applied to american cars in the variety of the nations in europe? i was over in china and they had 100% of american cars. why don't you publish a charge of a tariff that every other country in the world supplies to american cars and other american goods? guest: we are in a unique situation in the united states where we import quotas substantial number of cars. we are also the biggest exporter of cars in the united states outside of the nafta area. we import 70% of the cars that we build in south carolina. we accept the terrace because -- we accept the terrace because they are going all over the world. we were exporting cars from europe, we would be subject to the same tariffs. you cannot discriminate and say that china does not allow this and they are in a state of deloitte -- developm

as the financing situation became more dire in europe then it went back to austria or europe we will then set up more transfer agreements to set up good use because you must remember there is a very important statement and i will quote a phrase that you know, . the world is divided into two places. those places where jews cannot live and those places where the jews cannot go. most people think that evian is just water but the evian is conference is what to do with hundreds of thousands of refugees were the door was shut and palestine was the only door open. they were not allowed into most nations of the world. the transfer agreements have the possibility to transfer hundreds of thousands of jews from romania most hungarian jews were wiped out in transports and organized by one of the members of the board of directors of ibm. imagine if these jews came by the boatload literally into jewish palestine. what happened? of the war. economics stopped and international trade became ill legal and the zionist were not able to continue transferring the money is out into an effective and meaning

we have intel settling with competitors, appealing the fine in europe, fighting off both state antitrust officials in new york and other states that may join and now the ftc with an administration complaint. >> so administration complaint means it will not be going to a jury, it is just decided within the system, correct? >> first step is, ftc has brought a case under section five of the federal trade commission act alleging allegint intel does is an unfair method of competition it goes an administration law judge and either side can appeal at the federal level. >> looking ahead to between is there a likelihood this will be settled or this case will drag throughout the year? >> it is hard to say, the case has just started but intel looks like they're trying to resolve all of their legal issues by settling with competitors, depends if they can settle with the european union. if they can, they should be able to settle with the federal trade commission. they're not seeking a fine, it is not permitted under the ftc act, there is no jail time, it is not a criminal case or anything like that a

in europe, health care is subsidized by the government.t wasn't, so we have subsidized the health care for our employees. host: reston, va., on our independent line. caller: my question has to do with c-span and the auto companies. what is the tariff that is applied to american cars in the variety of the nations in europe? i was over in china and they had 100% of american cars. why don't you publish a charge of a tariff that every other country in the world supplies to american cars and other american goods? guest: we are in a unique situation in the united states where we import quotas substantial number of cars. we are also the biggest exporter of cars in the united states outside of the nafta area. we import 70% of the cars that we build in south carolina. we accept the terrace because -- we accept the terrace because they are going all over the world. we were exporting cars from europe, we would be subject to the same tariffs. you cannot discriminate and say that china does not allow this and they are in a state of deloitte -- developm

it is comparable to europe today. they're trying to build loyalty to something called europe. is very difficult. people are loyal to germany, france, ireland but this thing called europe, that is the problem they faced. how can you wean them from their royalty? citizens of massachusetts for 120 years or so, how can you wean them from that loyalty to of virginia or massachusetts? and turn them to the union? washington stood for the unions so they could look up to him as a clause i mark. they had been under a monarch's their whole lives so it was likely to look to someone like washington who stood for the united states, the country itself couldn't attract that kind of loyalty. that is his claim to fame. he had an enormous amount of charisma. he had a standing with the people that no president, no subsequent president had. he was the only president that got every single electoral vote. he stood head and shoulders above the others. they are respected him. he is a charismatic figure and like a king he had that personal loyalty but he is not someone

but generally speaking to look at models to follow, we do have to look to europe.and often americans don't like to look to europe. as an example of how we should run our country. but in terms of public transit and in terms of consumer behavior, consumers are more practical in europe. they do buy based on needs than wants at least from the industry experts that we talked to. and we talked from one representative from volvo who spent quite amount of time talking about how shocked he was how americans like to load up on the options and the accessories. so we can look to them as a model as a consumer to say, do we need to spend so much?w8y even if we have a car. and we can also look to europe as a model for directing spending towards public transit. and that may involve light rail. it may involve high-speed trains. people like to say, well, the countries are smaller. and we're a big country. but connecticut is not a big state. so if we do these things, you know, locally and state-by-state, they're doable. a question here. >> technologically i agree with you that it is

significant threat to american interests throughout the region as well as throughout the continent of europe itself. in southeast asia, close cooperation with partners in their region, especially indonesia, has resulted in the arrest and deaths of hundreds of operatives. and what's capabilities have been badly damaged, this

overall what has it been like in europe there, tom?well, alex, europe's cold snap has seen snow closing roads and airports across the continent and has icy blizzards from the arctic bring freezing temperatures and misery to millions. in britain, normally mild winters are a memory as schools close and millions stay home from work. local counsels have used up so much gravel on the icy roads that they have been running out of supplies, leaving thousands of secondary roads and sidewalks untreated. turning them into sheets of black ice. eurostar, the train service, which links britain to france under the channel, is running on reduced services. in sweden, temperatures dropped 40 degrees below zero putting a strain on energy supplies. heavy snowfall in the czech republic has prompted the government to ban trucks from its roads. spain reports thick snow in catalonia and heavy rains in italy caused concern over rising water levels. venice is facing exceptionally heavy tides. now meteorologists are predicting the cold weather is set to continue

it is no picnic over in europe either. tom is in london along the river with more. >> reporter: good morning, jenna. weather experts say the atlantic jetstreams may have been displaced, others blame el nino, but everyone agrees it's very cold. this is a nasa picture from space showing britain completely covered by snow and ice. it's the coldest winter in 30 years. major sporting event have been cancelled, soccer stadiums are empty. heavy snow has disrupted train schedules, delayed or cancelled hundreds of flights and blocked roads. supplies of sand and salt to deice highways are running dangerously low. normally britain's winters are moderate with lots of rain, but this three-week cold snap has got everyone unprepared. >> cold. it's very cold indeed. as long as you keep your heat on and hot water going in the pipes it's survivablsurvivable. >> reporter: the misery is shared by millions as arctic winds sweep down from the north. in norway 19 degrees below 0. it didn't stop a young bride groom celebrating his stag party by g

and often americans still like to look to europe. as an example of how we should run our country, but in terms of public transit in in terms of consumer behavior, consumers are more practical allah in europe, they do buy more based on needs and wants at least according to the industry people we spoke to and in particular we talk to one gentleman representative for all well we did spend quite an amount of time talking about how shocked i was by how american's load up on the accessories and options so we can look to them as a model as consumers saying to me to spend some much even if we have a car and can also look to europe as a model for directing spending towards public transit to and that may involve light rail and high-speed trains. people like to say the countries are smaller and we are a big country, but connecticut is not a big state. so if we do these things locally and state-by-state they are to a boil. >> technologically i agree with you that it is a wonderful idea to have a reduced size of car here it is not only environmen

only continucontinent shivering toni, mark phillips in london faces the temperature of an icebound europe. >> reporter: britain's fabled green and pleasant land is white and cold, the space shot confirms something everybody on the ground knows. britain and the rest of europe are enduring the longest, deepest cold small in three decades and forecasters say temperatures may stay well below freezing for weeks to come. >> the cold and snow have severely disrupted transportation, just today in frankfurt, more than 200 flights were canceled, adding to the hundreds of others that have been canceled each day across the continent, stranding tens of thousands of passengers. >> but more snow is forecast, and more snow is left to compress into ice, even movement on foot becomes a game of chance. >> hostile admissions for fractured bones are up by a third at places. he went straight underneath me and hit my head on the wall and twisted my ankle. >> reporter: the intense and persistent cold has spread services and fears that natural gas reserves may run out. the british government has cut back supplies

and often americans don't like to look to europe. and as an example of how we should run our country, but in terms of public transit and in terms of consumer behavior, consumers are more practical in europe. they do buy based on needs more than watts of least according to the industry people we spoke to and in particular we talk to one gentleman representative for volvo who did spend a wide amount of time talking about how shocked u.s. by americans like to load up on the options and accessories so we can look to them as models as a consumer to save you may need to spend some time even if we have a car and we can also look to europe as a model for directing spending toward public transit and that may involve a high speed trains. people like to say the country's far smaller and we are a big country, but connecticut is not a big state. so if we do these things locally and state-by-state, they are doable. >> technologically i agree with you that is a wonderful idea to have a reduced size car. it's not only environmentally friendly and so

in europe it is "kussler." >> how many years have you spent with him in your life?>> we are talking 20 years. >> teaching where? >> i was teaching at cornell until 1994 and then i moved to columbia to teach nonfiction writing and translation which is my other hat that i wear. >> so, you are meeting with him. >> back in 1972, i founded a magazine called "index on censorship." it was about censorship in the arts and censorship of political books as well. i edited this for eight years until 1980 when i resigned to write my first biography which was of another man. i was a dinner at david's one evening and he invited arthur koestler to meet me and talk about passing this information on to people who knew that were writing in soviet occupied eastern europe and hungary. >> you said that he spent time in 14 different countries. >> is it 14? i had forgotten the number. >> give us a broad view of where it was. >> he grew up in hungary. his family was thrown out in 1919. they had reacted against a short lived communist occupation. he went to school and university in vienna. v

the concept of europe stretching from the atlantic to the europe. it is a concept i share.vor of the free movement of people and capital in the 12 countries, which make up the union, but i have no confidence in presumed superior wisdom of the commission in brussels as compared with the judgment of this elected house of commons. recent events have reinforced that view. if we look forward to the day, as i do, when the whole of the european family can share in that freedom and democracy of which we entered, then the long term the enlargement of the community is more likely to come about if the nation state of the 12 do not succumb to the halting ambitions of the super naturalist. mr. speaker, i also welcome the commitment to defeat terrorism in northern ireland, in great britain, and in europe. we often send a message from this place to friend and foe alike that our resolve would never weakened. and that their campaign of terror is as odious as it is the top. tourism flourishes were those who perpetrated believe that one day tara will triumph. that is why we need all of us to

my question is to philip suttle, and i want to ask him what will happen to the pace in europe, portugal, italy, ireland, greece and spain. in terms of what an unwinding of the eurozone would look like if it became unmanageable and the whole place falls apart. >> good question, and i'm sure desmond will have comments about this as well. i worry because precisely those links are so tied. you know, we have legal structures and physical structures that are not easy to on one, compared to, say, argentina going off -- or britain during of gold in 1991. i think what it leads one to is the conclusion that -- i will not use the akron, but those countries that you mentioned, they have to tough it out. you would have to use multi year austerity. you could say that we have used that before and it turned out not too bad. ireland being one itself, it achieved a massive reduction in its budget deficit in the 1980's over a number of years and somehow the country survived and even flourished out of it. but then, you have the ability to convert interest rates. they started out high and converged on germa

europe, asia and africa.left there, that's the new world, south america and with north america about it. if this is really the first map to show north and south america, unambiguously surrounded by water. not at some undefined part of a georgia some undefined undefined place that really isn't identified at all. because it shows north and south america surrounded by water it's the first map to suggest the existence of the pacific ocean. this is something of a mr. because europeans are supposed of known about the pacific ocean until 1513, when albaugh cost sight of it from a mountaintop. that's something that brings a lot people back to the map. it's something that peter has written about extensively. it's not something i'd want in the book because i felt the ministry is almost more fun to leave as industry than try to resolve. but it's a great part of the story. it's not the only part of the story. there's more that is very, very significant about the map. if you look at africa for example, this is one of the

and americans often don't like to look to europe.an example of how we should run our country, in terms of public transit and consumer behavior, consumers are more practical. they baltimore-based on need than wants at least on the industry people we spoke to and in particular we talked to one gentleman from volvo misspent quite an amount of time talking about how shocked he was by americans loading up on accessories. we can look to them as a consumer to said do we need to spend so much even if we have a car and we look to europe as a model for directing spending towards public transit and that may involve white male or high-speed trains. the countries are smaller. connecticut is not a big state. if we do these things locally and state-by-state they are doable. question here? >> technologically i agree with you that it is a wonderful idea to have reduced size of car not only environmentally friendly and so on but i was shocked recently by a picture i saw in the new york times of a family that lived in their car because they were dispos

one part of the problem is that europe was not a problem.en cleared for months that it was eager for the strongest possible agreement and it was the blockage was the disagreement between the u.s., china, india and so, those were the key parties who had to resolve the issue. i think a second problem that europe faces, you still don't have a strong presidency in so there wasn't a single leader who could play that role. it was gordon brown in president sarkozy in chancellor merkel so there wasn't a single focus for europe to be represented and i think that led to europe not being as unified and forceful way participant as it might have been. i think it is not only can they but i think they have to come back again and because they are still the most aggressive party, it is very likely that in making all of these decisions about how this the process work and who owns the process and how do you fill in the blanks europe is going to take the leadership roll. >> lisa lehr from "politico." there is a lot of proposals on the hill right now to do an en

in india they add it is in europe. if you track the flow of blogs and columns coming across on the assessment it ranges from catastrophe to success. there were two copenhagen meetings is my cents per cup there was the formal treaty negotiation going on essentially since the united states climate change was ratified by 190 nations back in the early 1990's. and culminated in copenhagen. there is a very brief 12 hour head of state negotiations up the first negotiation the formal one failed. level talk about that more in a moment but i would give you some background to what is happening there. every discussion of international climate change negotiation over the past decade has taken place in the context of the kyoto protocol. and the assumptions created by the kyoto protocol that industrialized nations have the obligation to reduce pollution and decisions of how to proceed on pollution reduction would be taken in five-year increments called commitment point* this second point* is what was under discussion at copenhagen. a

in 2008, osama bin laden warned that europe and denmark would be punished. westergaard came out of hiding last year in spite of the million-dollar price islamic militants put on his head. he's been under close police protection ever since. that wasn't enough. a spokesman for the danish intelligence service said the attack was part of a terror-related network linked to the somali militant group al-shabaab. the somali militant organization flexing its muscle yesterday with this rally in mogadishu has moved steadily closer to al qaeda. five years after they were first published, the danish attack shows the original cartoons still have the power to incite violence. sheila macvicar, cbs news, london. >> glor: two students from the same school, both killed, both in frightening ways only months party. for the city of chicago tonight, more evidence of violence on the streets there, especially among teenagers, is not over. randall pinkston has details. >> reporter: the grainy image from a convenience store surveillance cam rafs another sad reminder of the violence th

muslims in europe believe they are being shut out of society. thankfully some are trying to thaw the ice, or at least push it around. >> allen, should we be more accommodating? >> accommodating? look, i kind of see where they are coming from. i mean we all know where the real terrorists. they are in the u.s. senate holding healthcare hostage, greg. why are these guys in mosques? there is tea parties. these people are angry and scary. >> somebody's rocking the talking points. >> greg: he is. chris, should the muslim community shop whining and just get it together and help our country more? >> that is exactly what i'm saying. i have yet to see rick levinthal put a barbecuing a n somebody's face and say thank you so much for turning in this terrorist. i have got to see one of these, some of these muslims come out and say i turned in this terrorist. >> greg: i would like to see rick levinthal out there in shorts down at the beach. >> that is bill keating's job. he wears the sandals in this country. >> to make the approach a little better and nicer t

then he wrote an excellent book about the troubles in europe, the disintegration of yugoslavia, america's role there, and now you have come out with this book, "a country of vast designs: james k. polk, the mexican war, and the conquest of the amecan continent." and here we are, that book that i fail to remember the name of was a "sands of empire." i learned more than i had known before on the balkans. >> two chapters on the balkans. >> and very complete. tell me, why should i be interested in james k. polk? >> by calculation was that james capel collides in the black hole of america's consciousness. that james k. polk collide -- resides in the black hole of america's consciousness. my aim was to tell the story in as compelling away as possible. >> tell us, his presidency was just before the civil war? >> yes, he was elected in 1844, served from 1845 to 1849. he was one of the youngest people elected president. he was 49, one of five presidents elected in their 40's. he gave up the presidency at age 53, from three died shortly thereafter. he literally worked himself to death. not the majo

he is not anti-islam. >> it is the largest mosque in the united kingdom, western europe.eaching out and discussion and dialogue is what counts here. >> that gets more critical by the day, especially in birmingham, britain's second largest city with its largest muslim minority. mohammad ali is a birmingham artist knowns as aerosol arabic. he rose from painting graffiti on city walls to displaying his art in museums and stately halls. >> it is actually a guy who is making a equally for prayer. god has given me a gift, the ability to paint. i'm using my skills to try to make a change in society. you see something negative and you actively go to change that. >> mohammad ali's reaction to the negative atmosphere is to practice what he paints. >> people are increasingly becoming disillusioned or being led astray. this is not the way. i have done workshops with kids and i say to them, if you have issues, put it on a canvass, paint, express yourselves. >> that is the aim of his new project, a giant street mural that he'll be painting on the side of an islamic nursery along with s