expos and thoroughly -- expose and thoroughly examine those engaging in such an agreement. we all also should consider how this agreement could potentially impact u.s. strategic interests in the asia pacific. the agreement before us represents a continuation of a relationship that originally began in 1985 with a congressional approval of the agreement between the united states and the people's republic of china concerning peaceful uses of nuclear energy. it expires on december 30, 2015 with a new agreement, civil nuclear cooperation. without it a -- the civil nuclear cooperation we have will cease. at the time of submission in 19 -- of the 1985 agreement, china was engaged in activities that caused significant concerns related to proliferation lack of safeguards, lack of export controls, and congress -- and the agreement lacked key assurances to alleviate those concerns. in passing a joint resolution expressing its approval of the agreement, congress had several certification prior to the issuance of any export licenses pursuant to the agreement. the challenges and the relationship with china and its actions relevant to the certifications were such that certifications could not an