we're extinction well it's time we started talking about extinction because if we continue on the path we're on if we continue pumping fossil fuels into the atmosphere it won't just mean the end of the arctic sea ice or the end of miles of shoreline it could mean the end of most large complex life forms on earth. and that would include us. the possibility that global warming could lead to a mass extinction like our planet as seen five times in the deep geologic past is the subject of our new documentary last hours which we're proud to present in its entirety tonight right here on the big picture. consider the only place to go extinct because a manmade climate change. it's hard to imagine earth without life we take life for granted but life has not always flourished here. has experienced dramatic loss of life or what we call mass extinction five times over the course of geologic history each one of these events as resulted in the loss of more than half of all life on earth and the largest and most devastating of all was the permian mass extinction almost all life on earth disappear and

well the mass extinction first of all is the worst of the five mass explain extinctions that the planet has experienced ninety five ninety six percent of all life on earth vanished all five extinctions involve the crust of the earth being punctured and and greenhouse gases principally carbon dioxide coming out and warming the planet they were all caused by global warming and if you were in the case of the permian it started because of this massive lava flow up in siberia in what's called the siberian traps that went on for thousands of years so if you were standing in you know somewhere far away from where the lava flow was you know on the other side of that during the early years of the permian even the early two thousand years of the permian looking around the atmosphere you might see that the skies get a little redder at night and things like that but other than that you would not have any idea that an extinction had started it had passed a tipping point that there was no way to stop it and that within a certain period of time ninety six percent of all life would be gone. but we use

other than that, you would have no idea that the extinction had started. there was no way to stop it. we use that as an example because we are within centuries or decades of tipping points that could lead to another mass extinction. we want to bring the extinction word into the conversation. >> you did that with them very startling graphs. one of the things i noticed was that you chose to bring climate scientists and geologists together. talk about why he decided to bring the tube this up lens together. >> back in the 1960s -- bring the two disciplines together. >> they did not really figure that out until the late 1980s and they did not nail it down until the 1990s. they were still debating up until the early 2000's. bbc did a brilliant documentary were they brought together a bunch of these geologists to lay out exactly what happened. in that documentary, they talk about how this giant volcanic lava flow in siberia produced a six degree warm of the earth and that was enough to warm the ocean six degrees and that was enough to melt times of methane that i

you had in a bar that led to an ah about something that might have had to do with that extinction. actually it's not the permian. event called the paleo senior scene thermal maximum. but it has many characteristics similar to the permian triassic mass extinction event notably a large change in the composition of carbon across the world's earth. and in both cases you have to look at the carbon cycle and you realize that the only way to explain the features that we see in various records pertaining to carbon cycling is that a large mass of carbon asked to enter the ocean in the atmosphere very quickly. and this is particularly obvious at the paleo boundary which is about fifty five million years ago and we see that because we see ocean acidification the dissolution of carbonate we see a large change in the relative composition of twelve carbon and thirteen carbon in various carbon phases and everything suggests that a huge mass of carbon goes into the ocean atmosphere and a friend was asking this question in a bar and you said aha because you used to work on. it. so what happened is

well first we should know that that extinction events they don't all have the same cause and so there may be very different reasons for different extinctions but one common theme to all of them is there's a change in the carbon cycling and this is seen across almost i think every extinction event even events that are in extinction but where we have major turnovers and in the biota and almost all of these have some large perturbation in the carbon cycle crosses. and with regard to the permian mass extinction can you tell us a story you tell a story about a conversation you had in a bar that led to an aa about something that might have had to do with that exchange. actually it's not the permian. an event called the pale. but it has many characteristics similar to the permian triassic mass extinction event notably a large change in the composition of carbon across the world's earth and in both cases you have to look at the carbon cycle and you realize that the only way to explain the features that we see in various records pertaining to carbon cycling is that a large mass of carbon asked

reached the global warming point of no return so isn't it time we started talking about the e word extinction more on that tonight steely take. you need to know this the republican party is holding our government hostage and i am here to negotiate let's look at the facts about what the republican shutdown is holding captive since the shutdown began eight hundred thousand federal workers have been furloughed meaning they've been sent home without pay until the government starts working again some of those furloughed include centers for disease control workers who now won't be able to work or or deal with an impending salmon el outbreak others include the fifteen thousand private contractors who filed for jobless claims since the shutdown began last tuesday at midnight. five percent of defense department workers still remain on for a low. job. but john boehner is refusing to bring a clean continuing resolution to fund the government isn't just leaving people high and dry without pay it's also stunting economic growth according the market research firm i.h.s. inc the shutdown already cost our ec

extinct because a planet climate change. it's hard to imagine earth without life we take life for granted but life has not always flourished here. has experienced dramatic loss of life or what we call mass extinction five times over the course of geologic history each one of these events as resulted in the loss of more than a half of all life on earth today a sixth extinction is underway one that will test the survival of not just human civilization but possibly of the human species itself and it bears a horrifying resemblance to several previous global warming driven events like the permian mass extinction i think it is joining me for more on carbon cycling carbon taxes and what can be done moving forward as maggie fox president and c.e.o. of the climate reality project maggie welcome. hi top. thank you for joining us how is carbon pollution driving climate change. oh you know are dumping ninety million or implicitly there and we have been since the industrial revolution and our atmosphere just as a previous documentary dis

one thing the nature study didn't talk about is the e word extinction there been five major mass extinctions in the history of our planet and all of them have been caused by global warming the worst the permian mass extinction wiped out over ninety five percent of all life on the earth and in the sea and according to the most up to date scientific research was caused by a massive release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere from a giant volcanic eruption this provoked global warming intense enough to melt billions of tons actually trillions of tons of frozen methane in the oceans floors that pulse of methane and intense greenhouse gas and brought the extinction to its peak on the past it took continental movement or an asteroid to break up the crust of the earth at least the greenhouse gases needed to start something like the permian mass extinction today our addiction to fossil fuels is rapidly pushing us toward a similar global tipping point. and over two trillion tons of methane a greenhouse gas seventy times more potent than carbon dioxide are sitting right now frozen in the polar reg

could go extinct because of manmade climate change. it's hard to imagine earth without life we take life for granted but life has not always flourished here. earth has experienced dramatic loss of life or will we call mass extinction five times over the course of geologic history each one of these events as resulted in the loss of more than half of all life on earth today a sixth extinction is underway one that will test the survival of not just human civilization but possibly of the human species itself and it bears a horrifying resemblance to several previous global warming driven events. in mass extinction i think so back in one thousand nine hundred five they didn't even know for sure what caused the permian mass extinction they were still debating late eighty's they're still debating the k.t. extinction that killed off the dinosaurs now the science is in these every every single one of the five mass extinctions in the history the world was precipitated by global warming by massive amounts of carbon dioxide being put in the atmosph

we are putting them into extinction. >> california condors eat dead animals.hey often feast on game killed by hunters using led bullets. and when they eat aing fromment, that gets into their system. >> today, there is a number of releases, but number 513 isn't one of the lucky ones. he needs medical treatment. one last release of the day and the privilege is mind. >> i will shift the bird. that was kind of terrifying, what do you see for the future? >> there's been millions of dollars put into this program. >> do you argue that it is worth it? >> yeah. i would argue that it is worth it. you to draw the line somewhere. not going to accept that letting animals go extinct is okay. >> so rachelle, first up, i must say i am impressed that you can pick that thing up, i have worked in conservation quite a bit, there's this term called the extinction vortex, where a population can get below a threshold, and once it gets to that number it can't fully recover. so you told me it gone down to 22 individuals. honestly, i am skeptical that even though they are high now, the

the race to adapt or extinct -- or go extinct is artie underway. >> the polar bear is the quintessential symbol of climate change. its habitat is melting. but global warming also affects other animal species all over the world. every added degree of temperature has its consequences. what effect does climate change have on animals? with global warming, the vegetation in large areas of the earth changes. with it, the food animals live on. take the koala. its habitat is eucalyptus forest. but too much carbon dioxide changes the competition of the leaves, making them toxic to koalas and threatening the highly specialized marsupials with extinction. other species can react to climate change by fleeing. researchers have calculated that on average species move nearly 17 kilometers towards the north and south poles or climbed about 11 meters higher in mountains every 10 years. searching for cooler places to live. that is three times faster than previously thought. they look for new habitats that are as similar as possible to their old ones. storks are more often going to the northeast to nest. t

we know from our own research that most extincts in this world have declined in inhabitant fragments.> reporter: the giraffes may be saved. what is now done more aggressively is sensitizing those who live close to wildlife. >> our main mission is to help to create an awareness and conservation through learning institutions. >> reporter: it's a hard sell when you consider fast-growing population and the wildlife all competing for the limited space available in a rapidly industrializing country. but conservationists say this is a fight that must not be lost, losing africa's wildlife is just not an of course. al jazeera, nairobi. >> and thank you for watching al jazeera. i'm richelle carey. "the stream" is next.

there was a newspaper article that came out that said that eastern cougars are extinct.gars. south american florida panther cougars down there. but the eastern cougars are extinct except for the divorced moms in jersey. [ laughter ] [ audience groans ] >> jimmy: very nice, jeff. that's very good. >> connecticut? jersey? >> jimmy: you nailed it. great job. >> thank you. thank you. but yeah, she's just of my favorite cats. she can jump from a standstill 40 feet out. or 18 feet straight up into a tree. >> jimmy: holy mackerel. that is just amazing. >> incredible. very-very secretive, elusive cat. one of my favorites. >> jimmy: she loves you. she loves you. >> she's a good girl. >> jimmy: all right, cool. what else you got for us here, jeff? >> i'm going to move on to the next animal. this is incredible. i need to you put that bag right around your neck there. >> jimmy: get the cougar out. she's staring at me. >> now put that bag around your neck. >> jimmy: he was staring at me too. i don't like him. >> you got to watch for that guy. >> jimmy: what do i do with this guy? >>

by then buffalo were this close to extinction.n one of the more shameful episodes of american history, a combination of greed and government policy nearly wiped out these magnificent creatures. in nearby rapid city we found amuseum dedicated to telling that terrible teal. tale. inside susan are ricci shows us. >> slawd erd by trappers and tourists and hunters often with the support of the u.s. government. >> as the real road forged its way west and settleers rode the planes, bison were in the way and so they were shot and exterminated to make way for western settlement. >> the railroads promoted buffalo shooting excursions, where buffalo were shot not for their meat or hides but merely for sport. >> it was such a glorious event and so sporting and exciting to be in the american west and shooting these large animals and there was nothing sporting about it. >> then the army hired hunters to kill millions more knowing the indians considered the enemy back then, depended on the buffalo for food and clothing. in 1875 general philipp sh

they were this close to extinction. a combination of agreed and government policy nearly wiped out these magnificent creatures. in nearby rapid city, we found a museum dedicated to telling that terrible tale inside, founder, susan reeky showed us a photograph of buffalo skulls piled several stories high. >> reporter: what are we seeing? >> it's a stunning picture that demonstrates perfectly the massacre. >> >> reporter: a massacre of millions, over just a few decades, slaughtered by trappers and tourists and hunters, often with the support of the u.s. government. >> reporter: as the railroad fortunatelied it's way west and the settlers began to flood the plain, the bison were, in essence, in the way. so they were shot and ex exterminated to make way for western settlements. >> reporter: the railroad promoted buffalo shooting excursions, where bison were slaughtered not for meat or hides, but for sport >> reporter: it's made out to be a glorious event, sporting and it's so exciting in the american west, shooting these la

. >> the fight osave giraffes from extinction. >> i'm jessica taff, live in st.is for game 3, cardinals red sox, coverage coming up later on in sports. you impact unless you've heard angles you hadn't considered? antonio mora brings you smart conversation that challenges the status quo with unexpected opinions and a fresh outlook. including yours. on inside story, we bring together unexpected voices closest to the story, invite hard-hitting debate and desenting views and always explore issues relevant to you. oo. >> for the first time the food and drug administration is taking steps to make pet foods safer. requiring the food manufacturers, the proposal could cost the pet food industry $130 million a year. >>> gir aftegiraffes may not bed very much longer. it's feared that giraffes could become extinct in a couple of decades. >> in africa's harsh are savannah lives the world's tallest animal. conservation experts are worried about encroachment into their habitat. only about 80,000 remained by 2012. >> the trend across the african continent is very worrying. the n

the prices could land them to extinction unless something is demand. >> we appreciate you being with us. >> this notion of ten years -- could that be possible? >>> absolutely. we know that the elephants in central africa have declined by 90% in the last 25 years. and the problem is that the county elephants is difficult and use any time frame is four to five years. by the time we know things have changed it's often very late. it happened in the past, extinction. >> why wouldn't countries work hard to protect these great creature? es. >> the demand for ivory in countries like china, thailand and here in the united states has created such a massive interest in poaching those animals because of the income that is generated from it. you're having to invest a lot of money for a protection far species across a vast amount of landscape including forest. >> what about the people who are caught doing this. is there really an effective way to punish these folks? >> yes. punishment is one of the most important things and in kenya you are talking about in coming weeks that will punish poachers a

not the least of which is the risk of asteroid impacts one of which rendered the dinosaurs extinct sixty five million years ago you know if they had a space program they would have figured out a way to deflect the thing but they don't even have opposable thumbs much less their walnut size already on them and save them if not beyond us if we go extinct on earth because of an asteroid impact would be the laughing stock of aliens in the galaxy. i don't know whether you can go with this is so wonderful talking to you it's my first time on your show i know you'll be you'll be many but i'd like to just go on and do shows with you for a we have a mutual friend cause sagan we've also taken on greed i mean all the early astronauts i've been around i was with the kennedy when he started the space program no one denies that you've been around. people. and i learned from. you distort what is it like to become a celebrity astrophysicist yeah i didn't even think those two words ever blogging became that in the same sense right now i get i get stopped by strangers on the street between fifty and one hu

>> i think i begin by thinking about extinction. >> rose: really. what it would be like if we were all facing engs tings? >> not just us but various other creatures on theelanet who, indeed, are facing extinction. but we have faced extinction in the past several times and we did make it through so we might this time as well. >> rose: this is called speculative fiction. >> that's my term for it. it's in dispute. (laughs) >> rose: so it's thinking about the future and speculating what it might be and making it fiction? >> for me it means faking about the fiction with things we already have. so 1984 is speculative fiction. "star wars," science fiction fantasy. in another galaxy far, far away. "1984" this planet, stuff we've already got. >> rose: and this is a reference to noah and the origins of the bible? >> to adam, yes. so in the first book, "oryx & crake," there's a web site called mad mad and its logan is "adam named the animals "maddaddam." >> rose: what kind of world are you depicting here? >> i'm depicting two parts of that world, number one, t

rebate >> this will - i mentioned the larger ones so we all have an idea but this will support local extinct filmmakers and they're eligible for the same pile of money. actually our rebate program not only supports productions like the woody allen films but we've had one called saltwater which will be final cut very soon and a film called test that premiered at the film festival. they were able to take advantage of our program and web series that might not have the budget of a net flick series. but we don't want to miss out on currently there are incentives on a state level that are offered by louisiana, georgia and new york. unfortunately, the rebate programs across the country are more competitive so for instance, new york has $429,000 per year to incentive vices the programs that were california has $1 million and it's used up the same day. we're lurz this to new york and they have 23 tv series being shot there because of that >> i understand we're competing with other renditions and cities and this is an estimation of one year but it will help to put san francisco back on track. i wanted

only dreamed of financial analysts have called it a win win situation comes back from the brink of extinction while a major chinese manufacturer gets to invest in an exciting new project but what does that say about the state of british industry business secretary vince cable called the chinese buyout a clear demonstration of the strength of the british car industry but the london cap is just the latest in a raft of u.k. businesses being sold off to foreign companies cadres chocolate is now american. indian and the british airports authority spanish to some it represents a hollowing out of corporate britain and i'm happy that it's not but it shows government policy for a long time now as encourage foreign companies to take over our british companies that means companies are not competitive across the globe. so we're not putting in the right tax policies we're not dealing with regulation that hinders these companies welcome to have new investment it always is in the long term this takes away economic productivity from this country it means that staff and jobs are more liable to go because ther

financial analysts have called it a win win situation the london cab comes back from the brink of extinction while a major chinese manufacturer gets to invest in an exciting new project but what does it say about the state of british industry business secretary vince cable called the chinese buyout a clear demonstration of the strength of the british car industry but the london cap is just the latest in a raft of businesses being sold off to foreign companies cadres chocolate is now american indian and the british airports authority spanish to some it represents a hollowing out of corporate britain and i'm happy that it's not going on that but it shows government policy for a long time now as encourage foreign companies to take over our british companies that means i would british companies are not competitive across the globe. so we're not putting in the right tax policies we're not dealing with regulation that hinders these companies welcome to have new investment it always is in the long term this takes away economic productivity from this country it means that stuff and job some are liab

almost walking up to the edge of talking about things like extinction i mean i'm walking over that edge i'm saying that you know if we keep going down this road for another century or so we're going to see something like you know the mass extinctions that this planet has seen before you know welcome back to the permian mass extinction ninety five percent of all life is gone the i.p.c.c. was pretty unambiguous about this nobody is even talking about it right now. whether we're going to have this conversation more conversations we need to have courage i mean if it can't happen until those debates over right we're not going to able to compromise on anything until we have a budget tragically or media chew gum and walk at the same time as the media though i mean i see that scene on c.n.n. huffington post new york times are all talking about the i.p.c.c. i've seen it on all their websites at least maybe not on t.v. but it's definitely in the writing climbing there's there's certainly you know number more than one page of any newspaper so you're going to have some stuff but in terms of what is

it's afeared that they will be extinct in a couple of decades. >> the world's tallest animal. may not be as threatened as rhinos and elephants but these majestic creatures are also endangered. from 140,000 giraffes in africa in the '90s only about 80,000 remained by 2012. >> the trend across the african continent is very worried. the numbers have actually declined by 30% across the continent. being two of the subspecies are now listed as endangered. >> mainly including the most rare subspecies are found in kenya. this is the rothschild giraffe, a subspecies originally from the west of the country. but because their existence was so threatened they had to be put in protection about two decades ago. to increase their numbers this roth child giraffe has to be kept in protected area where they can breed. the most vulnerable giraffes where they are isolated from one another. >> because of human settlements because of agriculture, because of clearing of the natural areas, we have ended up in a situation where we now have fragments of habitats across the country. and these fragments