with faden of the berman institute of bioethics at johns hopkins university and a member of the worldhealth organization's covert 19 vaccines working group thank you for your thoughts. my pleasure. and now it is over to our resident corona virus experts t w science correspondent derrick williams answering your questions about depend on mic. if the vaccine is not 100 percent effective can you still catch the virus after vaccination 1st of all no vaccine that we've developed for any diseases ever provided perfect protection to everyone although although a few like those for measles or for polio come very close but because every person's immune system is different in some people exposed to sars cove to the new vaccines will not stop the corona virus in its tracks trials in healthy volunteers indicate however that the candidates now being authorized for use in countries around the world are highly effective at doing so in most people it's kind of complicated but a simplified way of quantifying the efficacy demonstrated in trials would be to say that if you haven't been vaccinated you're a

for more let's bring in ruth faden she's the founder of the berman institute of bioethics at johns hopkins university and a member of the world health organization's kovan 1000 vaccines working group welcome to g.w. where do you see the biggest challenges for a fair distribution of these vaccines the challenges are enormous at a global level and also within countries the global challenges have to do with the fact that for reasons we can. easily understand it's not completely defend wealthy countries in the world have made their primary commitment securing vaccines for their own population this has resulted in a significant lock on supply or some vaccines for the forseeable future countervailing natch. challenge is the existence of something called the kovacs facility which is a global commitment to provide vaccine to all peoples of the world what kovacs needs is more financial support from wealthy countries more money coming in to kodak's and also we need more wealthy countries who are not currently part of the kodaks collaboration to be at least thinking about and bilateral commitments to

for more let's bring in ruth faden she is the founder of the berman institute of bioethics at johns hopkinsuniversity and a member of the world health organization's kovan 1000 vaccines working group welcome to g.w. where do you see the biggest challenges for a fair distribution of these vaccines the challenges are enormous at a global level and also within countries the global challenges have to do with the fact that for reasons we can. easily understand it's not completely defend wealthy countries in the world have made their primary commitment securing vaccines for their own population this has resulted in a significant lock on supply or some vaccines for the forseeable future countervailing natch. challenge is the existence of something called the kovacs facility which is a global commitment to provide vaccine to all peoples of the world what kovacs needs is more financial support from wealthy countries more money coming in to kodak's and also we need more wealthy countries who are not currently part of the kodaks collaboration to be at least thinking about bilateral commitments to low

for more let's bring in ruth faden she is the founder of the berman institute of bioethics of johns hopkins university and a member of the world health organization's kovan 1000 vaccines working group welcome to you where do you see the biggest challenges for a fair distribution of these vaccines challenges are enormous at the global level and also within countries. the global challenges have to do with the fact that for reasons we can. easily understand it's not completely defend wealthy countries of the world have made their primary commitment securing vaccine for their own population this has resulted in a state if it can't lock on supply for some vaccines for the forseeable future countervailing. challenge is the existence of something called the kovacs the syllabi which is a global commitment to provide vaccine to all peoples of the world what kodak's needs is more financial support from wealthy countries more money coming in to kodak's and also we need more wealthy countries who are not currently part of the kodaks collaboration to be at least thinking about bilateral commitments to l

for more let's bring in ruth faden she is the founder of the berman institute of bioethics at johns hopkins university and a member of the world health organization's kovan 1000 vaccines working group welcome to you where do you see the biggest challenges for a fair distribution of these vaccines the challenges are enormous at a global level and also within countries. the global challenges have to do with the fact that poor reasons we can. easily understand it's not completely defend wealthy countries of the world have made their primary commitment securing vaccines for their own population this has resulted in a state if it can't lock on supply for some vaccines for the forseeable future countervailing. challenge is the existence of something called the kovacs facility which is a global commitment to provide vaccine to all peoples of the world what kovacs needs is more financial support from wealthy countries more money coming in to kodak's and also we need more wealthy countries who are not currently part of the kodaks collaboration to be at least thinking about an bilateral commitments t

nancy kass and ruth faden and david magnus from stanford. now, there are a lot of questions imbedded in what should happen with the designs in the control groups and studies going forward. this slide outlines a lot of sub questions. if these vaccines are granted, what do we do with the control groups in this trial and potentially in ongoing and upcoming trials for the next vaccine? i want to start with ethical preliminaries. i will start with something that seems very basic, but i can't tell you how many committees that i have been part of and the conversations founded on this simple issue. we will be dealing with ethical dilemmas. it is worth thinking about what an ethical dilemma is. it is not a choice between right or wrong. that is what we write advice columns for. it is the choice between different actions each justifiable under a different frame work or principles. that is a competition between two rights, two right actions, which is what makes it a dilemma. we face this in every clinical trial. data and monitoring committees are actio

nancy kass and ruth faden from johns hopkins and david magnus from stanford. now, there are a lot of questions embedded in what happen with the designs and particularly in the control groups and studies going forward. this slide outlines a lot of subquestions. but i think the title of the presentation for the much captures it. t and these for this vaccines are granted, what do we do with the control groups in this trial and potentially in ongoing and upcoming trials for the next vaccine? now, i want to start with a set of ethical preliminaries. i will start with something that seems very basic, but i can't tell you how many committees i have been a part of and the conversations are founded on this simple issue. we are going to be dealing with ethical dilemmas here. but it is worth thinking about what an ethical dilemma is. an ethical dilemma is not a choice between right or wrong. writee that is what we advice columnist for. it is the choice between different actions each justifiable under different moral frameworks or principles. that is a competition between