young farmers collision in the rocky mountain farmers union. he is also a board member of the high plains food co-op and is developing a mater for mass distribution to help with jobs and local producers gain access to markets. thank you for taking time away from a business to be here today, mr., maze that it is always good to see a fellow colorado in washington d.c.. now, i would like to yield to our ranking member to introduce our final witness. >> thank, you mister chairman, i do want to acknowledge the ranking member of the small business committee has joined us also, ranking member chabot, mr., chabot thank you for being here this morning. i am sure a lot of you are looking at the witness list, dr. jackson smith and i made an agreement will not do the o-h-i-o-stuff and we want to acknowledge that the ohio state is not the national championship job borough is, so high was still representing the championship games coming up monday evening, so i just want to make sure that everyone is well aware of that, and he lives in the southern portion of

farmers union. he's a board member of the high plains food co-op and is developing a model for last mile distribution to help food co-ops and local producers gain access to markets. thank you for taking time away from your business to be here today and it's always good to see a fellow coloradoen in washington d.c. i would now like to yield to our ranking member, mr. balderson, to introduce our final witness. >> thank you, mr. chairman. i want to acknowledge the ranking member of the small business community has joined us also. ranking member sha bat. mr. sha bat, thank you for being here this morning. i'm sure a lot of you see the witness list. dr. jackson smith and i have made an agreement we're not going to do the o-h-i-o stuff. joe burrow is there and that's where he got his training and that's coming up monday evening so i want to make sure everybody is well aware of that and he lives from the southern portion of ohio so we're well represented. >> will the gentleman yield? >> yes. >> he may soon

many farmers are selling their land to get cash. one man has been working to try to stop the decline of rural areas. he is agricultural scientist. three years ago he set up a school to teach organic farming methods. his instruction is personal and hands-on. organic farming takes time and effort, but it's les costs costr growers, because no fertilizers and pesticides are used. more over, safe food leads to higher prices, increasing farmers' cash income. at the local market, vendors are selling organic crops grown by his students. we followed his efforts to develop cambodia's rural areas with organic we're in t apartmea province 70 from phnom penh. we come to his school. this is where he teaches organic farming. the name of this leafy campus means "green sprout." he founded the school three years ago on 30 hectares of forests land he borrowed from relatives. reclamation work is still continuing. that includes building reservoirs and waterways. the plan is to eventually channel irrigation water across the entire farm. so far, four hect

who was the tobacco farmer? >> tobacco farmers in the -- well, in the late 19th and early part of the 20 century tended to be small and grew on a small scale and in part that was due to the fact of the cross -- crop which was a locally known the 13 month crop because planning for the subsequent season had to begin even before the current season was harvested. it relied on there are different stratagems within tobacco farming so you had land owners who make work the farms themselves with family labor or they may have hired tenants or sharecroppers and there is a racial dimension to this. tenant farmers were more frequently white and as sharecroppers or more frequently african-american and the difference between those two was that sharecroppers sometimes never saw cash in the course of what they did. they had to buy from the store where there tallied against what they brought in from the previously season so as a perpetual cycle of indebtedness. and so, even for the top of this class system amongst tobacco farmers

more than 41000 women farmers not practiced the one. many of them are able to sell their excess produce giving them new and savings of nearly $500.00 per household. but the fight for women's rights is far from over. in a deeply society only 10 percent of women own. and. are now among the group of women who are pushing the government to codify and strengthen their rights but you wonder how the farmers in the few more bobby village really affixed to the next story will tell you how food production affects you and the environment you're part off. the seeds of our food are sown in the fields of the world all the products we buy and eat are produced by farmers agricultural development is also the primary fuel for economic growth and is crucial to poverty alleviation and food security. currently our agricultural systems are driven only by the need to feed more people and to remain profitable the 20th century saw farming technologies like the production of genetically modified crops the use of chemical fertilizers and increased mechanisation.

tobacco farmer who by the way you cannot just declare your self a tobacco farmer you essentially have to have a license to grow, and allotment and he cannot produce more than x. amount and it's going to be revised on the yearly projection for what the manufacturers need but in exchange with a minimum price for the tobacco kind of akin to a minimum wage and it was past right around the same time. so, what the state is basically enabled the agricultural sector to be buffered to what you could almost think of as the bullying of the tobacco industry. the management was much more rigid. there were not buffers within the agricultural wall to allow people to go way over one year in under plant next year. you simply were not allowed to market over. >> you talk about the phrase iron triangle. what is that? >> it's an old political science term that basically refers to an alliance between or dynamic between congress that oversees a regulatory agency and private industry. given a sense of this iron triangle that is the dynamic? the back of farmers arimpacted e their own laws. after the war from

scale farmers. the agricultural industry continues to increase turnover but at what price to the public our next stop is moer saxony where we meet a gun harms from the olden bore water board for years he's found the nitrate levels in water just below ground to be worryingly high for a $520.00. also we're very concerned that the pollution we're currently only seeing below the surface well at some point seep deeper and to the level we get our water from them. based on his measurements hydrologist is able to calculate how the ground water quality will deteriorate in the future. what does he make of the government's approach. that i'm stuck on instead of recognizing the problem early on and working with us on solutions and they said there was no nitrate problem i knew a few of them still claim that one off yes the nod at the e.u. was threatening to impose fines time is running short on action has to be taken. we accompany him to the lab where he will inspect his latest sample too much nitrate in drinkin

is it when a farmer submit such drilling project to the authorities. it can take up to 8 or 9 months to get a reply. that's just unacceptable the water authority takes ages but farmers need to irrigate their crops if they can't they lose their harvests if you know. and then the families and farms end up ruined media i don't really know. what often happens is the farmers opt not to pay for an approved drilling where they are because what happens if no water is found but. there's no well and the bore hole has to be referred. to the by the way don't you know. the upshot farmers often drill boreholes without official permits along with the costs of drilling submitting an application and commissioning the requisite geological surveys can cost around a $1000.00 euros here in central angelou's all of pharma antonia's wife has even resorted to divine ing rod they need water urgently their trees are hard hit by climate change the dry season is getting longer and longer. a. lot of that cannot be if the trees get no water there will be no olives. obviously we hav

farmers here keep. more here will is a luxury item in the clothing industry with more and more goats however the local vegetation has been eaten away a fake green bushy vegetation once covered this slopes now the barren westland holds no water and no life. daniel florrie manages the above closed development company together with van rensburg and other families he leads the transition from exploitative livestock farming to organic essential oil crops the oil extracted in this distillery essential oils you take a lot of plant material distill it to a very small amount of product but you can usually transport in and out of the cliff and in that way we we late we reduce the amount of material that we take out of the system and all the plant material once it being the store can actually go back into the fields go back into the system we can use that to make up for it it's a higher value prop if you need less lend to you to work with. then more efficient land use is making a difference whereas goats need exte

in this family of farmers and. so to help he invented the awesome machine he wanted to save women weave is the tedium and pain of repeating a single motion 9000 times a day just to make one sorry. for you find very fine when i open a much more novel can keep going to come there thank you for the plane the men are pretty much gone here's canano that oughta amika on your own talent has to have been a minimal kind of cool army prepared i'm taliban deep in the fun of all those hundreds of moon you also where the more you know the. pretty cool tree but they were told of the how the also were done to you than a long monotone mongrel fun just to learn to bundle no one you give 100 not given them to the accordion into all of us he didn't share nicky and not astonishing them . such is not travelled over 2000 kilometers learning about the innovative ways india's funds are improving their own lights he's convinced mobile phones can help people share ideas so everyone can benefit. so 2 of my big buddies you know where the peop

in this family of farmers and leaving. so to help he invented the awesome machine he wanted to save women weave is the tedium and pain of repeating a single motion 9000 times a day just to make one sorry. for you find very fine when i open a mission when i was going to keep going to come here and here for the plane the men are pretty much gone here's canano. telecast here been a minimal kind of cool army prepared i'm taliban they've been me. the moon you also wear them when you're on the plane you can get to a pretty cool tree but they worked under the how do you also were done here than a long monotone model done justin is on to bundle no one to give 100 now given them to the accordion in long island yes he didn't cheat on the kid and not astonish him . such is not travelled over 2000 kilometers nothing about the innovative ways india's funds are improving their own lights he's convinced mobile phones can help people share ideas so everyone can benefit. sol 2 of my big buddies you know where the people will have mobile ph

turning small scale farmers into businesses would have to mean that farmers have access to markets thatfarmers are producing enough when they have it is from us a definitely able to produce enough we. grow we should that from us have accepted this and we see them increasing use from 2 tonnes to 5 tonnes a farmer that produces 5 tons can definitely be a business when they have a good market financing there the financing is did the biggest challenge we have because as foremost grow they need financing to be able to grow their businesses and to do commercial funding to agriculture is still 5 percent of our funding to culture and the biggest challenge today is we need to address how farmers but also it's a means in the culture sector can access funding so that the sector kind of spy and i guess a lot of these topics will be tackled at the food crisis summit next year that the un secretary-general has called for what can you expect can can farmers do farmers have something to look forward to so i'm glad you're calling the food crisis summit it is a. summit but it's because of the crisis that

she pays the farmers the uivalent of three cents a lolo. the goldlden stalks arare brougy the trucuckload to herer nrby factory. here the straw is opped up. because e air is fl of fine straw w particles, e everyone ho wear a f face mask. then the small pieces ofof strw are e mixed with h hot wate. nonohemicals are added, but the mimixture s toto boifor fofour then the small pieces ofof strw are e mixhoururs.h hot wate. thatatroduces a pulpy ma w whic. on the factotory floor we e mep again with t the farmers f froe riri field. >> t this is a verery good th. it usesed to be thatat we hado wowo after the rice harvest. buwiwith this factctory job i n improve e my income. christian: the pulp is used tod are expensive, so the enentrepreneur e exports the raw material to o india. wewe have the indian customer, beususe in iia t therere a l lot moulding - and tableware mafafacturerand d theyelies s on our raw mamaterials and d theyr, bcontntacted us andnd they werey christian: the special featureon ododegradae prproduc coatating of rice e starch, wh

secretary general has called for what can you expect can can farmers do farmers have something to look forward to so i'm glad you're calling the food crisis summit it is a. summit but it's because of the crisis that is going on that the summit will be there so that the some into it or just the environmental issues the impact of. culture on the environment there's a lot of a because it's happening in the north it's that is impacting the environment and that has to use it to look at nutrition the fact that we're coaches contributing to a big city but to also look at the fact that a good coach is not productive enough in the south especially in countries like africa where 0 harvesting a problem so from was definitely would would be looking from the part of the world that they come from farmers would be looking forward to what is going to come out with regards to 0 hunger my my passion is that and my hope is that we can start reducing the number of people that are hungry by a 100000000. about it thank you very much thank you. fencers wooden reporting that now let's have a look at some of t

the women farmers federation in particular. the overarching issue that we found on our own with our experiences supply chain especially in horticulture force one model farm was their tendency to just sell of the produce the same day that they harvest in some cases they are going to harvest produce that was ripe and ready in the feed only because they were not getting any price for that. so one of the key elements was we. had to farm get. neeraj moratti founded his own company good crop with the help of the women farmers federation he installed a cold storage in concord in mid september 1900 and began educating the farmers on how to use a lot of heart. after studying the cultivation and harvesting patterns of the region it was decided how much cold storage to villages required now it can refrigerated up to $4000.00 kilos of produce at a time the farmers have been able to increase their income by around 30 percent. before they were kind of selling it by the wayside the roadside and all of that now they were going to get to collec

the reality is that many of these farmers and small holder farmers in developing country are producing also for international markets like cocoa like palm oil like sugar cane and these farmers have the same times are going hungry for several weeks a month a year so i agree carter tray must take more regard on the situation of a very close and from us in the value chain and address this issue it's ironic that food produces a going hungry and sad the europe is a fault with some of its trade practices you know it's a really incredible that is still not able to overcome the situation up to now we didn't have the tools to address that because we said we don't know how to address the food insecurity situation of from us it's more an issue of government. but nowadays you're looking at the whole chain of companies and. to address sustainability and that's why. if it together the risk w.w. if the center of the little man size developed the food security. to check how food insecure and berkus and plantations and smallholder farmers who produce for international markets so it's making it easier f

our mental health program will help farmers accessing mental health support and help coordinate local and regional peer support programming and provided confidential one-on-one counseling and assistance to our farmers. [ applause ] >> the second prong of our plan is insuring farmers and agriculture and rural communities is part of our broader economic development strategies. tonight, i am also announcing i will be working with the wisconsin economic development corporation to establish the office of rural prosperity. [ applause ] >> the office will provide a one stop shop for folks to navigate state programs and resources that are available that are tailored to rural communities, businesses and workers. finally, the third prong of our plan is to develop long term strategies on this issue, not based on what the folks in madison think is best but based on the feedback and input from folks all across the state. >> tomorrow, i will make good on my campaign promise to create a blue ribbon commission to help promote agriculture and rural economic prosperity. a blue ribbon commission on rura

but our farmers, i'll never forget, we had them over at the white house, in the cabinet room, 35 farmersand they said, sir, we don't want any money. we just want a level playing field. we don't want money. i said you know what? i have been president now at that time for 2 1/2 years, i said that's the first time anybody's ever said that. everybody wants money and they don't care how they get it. this is the first time they said we don't want. we want a level playing field. they are the most incredible people. and when some of the people from the media, i'm going to be very nice today, the people from the media went out to the farms and they went out to iowa and went to nebraska, they went to all of the different -- many of the different states and they said, what do you think about what the president is doing? i don't think i heard one negative. no matter who it was. no matter which network. the farmers would say, the president is doing the right thing they should have been done a long time ago. now the farmers are going to be tremendous beneficiaries. in fact, when bob was getting ready

as a result local farmers are desperate. many of them leave the region others are experimenting with alternative crops and some still do grow tomatoes but just for their own families. before long oh well oh another but do you know. that in much of the now you have to abandon a little. bit of bottom on obama you're probably not one of them none of my mother. but all their lives were lost all done by too much of my under public factor was incessant they used to make a lot of money. it in the. door they did it told me that they were making plenty money because they would in fact in needed it and in the market was really the. point of the more left in a lot. more longer amount of it because you have to survive through we have to continue to put in much effort as we come. to. the surface and little want to through did very well mel it killed remark at newmarket everton what put it in the field know how there's no where people are not coming to buy and it led to some site. they can have to take their lives because you don't think

you know, with the farmers. i have a place in my heart for the farmers.mbassadornd saw lighthizer who was in charge who was fantastic. he was getting ready for the final deal. i asked sonny perdue, what is the biggest number that china has ever done with the farmers? he said, $16 billion. last year, $16 billion. this was two years ago. they targeted you. now we are friends with china. maybe we have never had a better relationship. we are working with them very closely on the coronavirus. we are working with them very, very closely. we only have five people. hopefully everything will be great. they have somewhat of a problem. hopefully it will all be great. we are working with china and other countries very closely. it is something we have to be very careful with. right? [applause] pres. trump: i said to sonny perdue, secretary of agriculture. what is the number? and you were targeted. i don't blame china. they are smart. they targeted trump states. iowa, nebraska, wisconsin. they targeted. the farmers came to see me and they said, sir, you have to do what

but if you talk to any farmer, basis when regular i am home in kentucky, the farmers still strongly support the president and they we're in this trade war. they also understand the efforts been made and the accomplishments that have been achieved with respect to this lture from administration and from this congress over the past three years. on three areas here we focused in congress, where i focused as a member of the agriculture committee to improve agriculture for our who are rmers struggling, again, on the front trade war with china. first of all, regulations. as with many other industries in america, one of the first things that president trump looked at the republicans in the majority of this body looked at hree years ago were the regulations. many industries, especially agriculture, felt like there regulations that were holding farmers back, holding agriculture back. this by one, administration, whether it was through the u.s. department of or the e.p.a., has looked at every regulation to whether that regulation was necessary or whether that excessively and needed to be scaled back.

farmers are getting better and more reliable market access, which farmers badly need. workers will see thousands of new jobs, particularly at high wage manufacturing industries. businesses will have an agreement that reflect the realities of modern congress, including for the one 3/10 digital economy. corrects the- enforcement flaws that very much plagued nafta and insurers that the parties be held accountable to their commitments. the support of hundreds of organization representing a wide range of the economy. agricultural groups and labor groups. i would like to enter into the record a nonexhaustive list of representatives. i will do that without objection. the road that we traveled to arrive at this meeting today tested my patients at times. take as example three or four toths to get the president remove steel and aluminum tariffs. i do not know how many white house meetings i attended where that was an issue. i got tired of hearing the words i like tariffs. aspects of this bill that i do not particularly like. here,eflect on how we got i am proud of the hard work

>> you know, i am not a farmer. i would have the talk to farmers. communications people d mine, you deter r know, if they can find somebody willing. >> whitaker: few people can say they have ever played at the super bowl. next month shakira adds her name to that list. we went to spain the watch the 5'3" ball of energy work, mix a new song, and keep the father of her two children, barca star gerard pique, on his toes. >> he said, i'm going to win the world cup. >> i'm lesley stahl. >> >> i'm lesley stahl. >> i'm bill whitaker. >> i'm anderson cooper. >> i'm sharyn alfonsi. >> i'm scott pelley. those stories and more, tonight, on "60 minutes." ( ticking ) trump: obamacare is a complete and total disaster. let obamacare implode. nurse: these wild attacks on healthcare hurt the patients i care for. i've been a nurse in new york for thirty years. i know the difference leadership can make because i saw what mike bloomberg did as mayor. vg help number ofhe uninsured by 40%, covering 700,000 more new yorkers, life expectancy increased. he helped expand heal

crops grow in abundance here the farmers could cultivate even more land and employ more workers yeah but they lack funds if they want to buy seed and fertilizer and pay for irrigation water they need to take out loans. it's got to be we don't have money for fertilizer everything's expensive we can't sell our harvest and we end up and. run have a life in children to care for. that's why i'll have to head to the desert and try my luck elsewhere is it. worth. it if. you really want. it. would almost. make it to europe have better life than where you life is hard for us every day you see people struggling and still. we have nothing whatever to do but you know how he and the museum already are. if the chance comes today or tomorrow i'll head to the desert my farm is failing and the bank wants its money back i guess about it in the sky. in. combat. now that the factories are closed farmers such as benedikt to have to sell their produce to the market queens to sell it on in the cities. all over there's a surplus of projects during the harvest season so the farmers have to sell it rock botto

my foot i said farmer i'm rice also a farmer there used to grow up the mantle of the company called last man mcniff i will call it an e.s.l. and i live in a ghetto you. and your team full of both or you see i was good then you do if south . korea had worked on the other seasonal workers living shanty towns dilapidated heartsore tents in the middle of fields. there's no water no sanitary facilities electricity or heating. that on no way i'm living denominate that you didn't know where i'm living. and i live out there then because if i didn't there then go a little worried. that would. lead to how you are here you have to fight to take over your family. or you even sometimes causes all of them doubt problem to call you and you can see that you can help them flew off for years fighting like will know our life is like no real life to head off. in chairing the owner of the p.f. ready scotto co-operative grows organic tomatoes it also highest seasonal workers from africa but they earn a decent wage and are given proper contracts that not a day laborers at the mercy of the exploitative couple a

farmers are getting better and more reliable market access, which farmers badly need. workers will see thousands of new jobs, particularly in high-wage manufacturing industries. businesses will have an agreement that reflect the realities of modern commerce, including for the $1.3 trillion u.s. digital economy, usmca correct the enforcement flaws that very much plagued nafta and ensures that the parties will be held accountable to their commitments. the usmca has the support of hundreds of organizations representing a wide range of the economy -- agriculture groups, business groups, labor groups. i would like to enter into the record a non-exhaustive list of representatives of this support and i'll do that without objection. the road that we traveled to arrive at this meeting today tested my patience at times, as an example, taking three or four months to get the president to renew -- remove steel and aluminum tariffs, i don't know how many white house meetings i attended where that was an issue, and i kind of got tired of hearing the words "i like tariffs." and there

it may even top the farmers. it may even top the farmers. [cheering] pres.: but, he was responsible, more than anybody else. 90%, they say, of these roadside bombs, he was responsible. he took a hard hit. [cheering] pres. trump: he was responsible for murdering and maiming thousands and thousands of americans. and hundreds and thousands of other people. not acceptable. soleimani was actively planning new attacks, but we ended his bloody rampage. [cheering] pres. trump: yet, washington democrats, like crazy bernie and nancy pelosi, opposed our decision to eliminate him. and to save american lives. that had a tremendous impact. well, we we are proudly creating -- well, while we are proudly creating jobs and killing terrorists, congressional democrats are consumed with partisan rage and obsessed with a deranged witch hunt hoax. [booing] pres. trump: you know, we are having probably the best years we have ever had in the history of our country. and i just got impeached. can you believe these people? i got impeached. they impeached trump. the best trade deals, th