tobacco farmer who by the way you cannot just declare yourself a tobacco farmer. you essentially have to have a license to grow. >> host: and allotment. >> guest: and allotment exactly. mr. tobacco farmer couldn't make worth an x amount and this is revised based on yearly projections are with the manufactures need but it will provide mr. tobacco farmer with a minimum price for tobacco. kind of akin to a minimum wage and industry and it was past right around the same time. what they did was to basically enable the agricultural sector to be kind of buffered from what you can almost think of the bullying is the tobacco industry. >> host: was acorn and tobacco or were there differences? >> guest: the major difference with tobacco was the management was much more rigid. we are going to break away from her booktv program for few minutes to look at the 40 plus year commitment to live coverage. the u.s. senate is going to gavel in for a short pro forma session. we will return to booktv. we take you live to the senate floor on c-span2. the presiding officer: the senate wil

the tobacco farmer. who was the tobacco farmer? >> guest: so tobacco farmers in the, well, for the late 19th and early part of the 20th century tended to be small -- they grew on a small-scale and in part that that was due to the fact of the crops tremendous labor requirements. the crop was locally known as the 13 month crop because planning for the subsequent season had to begin even before the current season was harvested. it relied on -- there were different stratagems within tobacco farming. so you had land owners who may work the farms themselves with family labor, or they may have hired tenants or sharecroppers, and there's a racial dimension to this. tenant farmers were more frequently white. sharecroppers were more frequently african-american, at the difference between those was that sharecroppers sometimes never saw cash in the course of what they did. they had to buy from the store where their debts were tallied against what they brought in on the previous season, so it was a perpetual cycle of

to talk about rural america and our nation's farmers is the president of the national farmers union. farm growing up on a dairy in west virginia, rob has worked on policy for more than 20 years overseeing the 2014 farm bill with the house agriculture committee and working with congress at usta and food inspection. thank you for joining us. i will turn this over to you. is rob live? ok. mr. larew: sorry, just a little technical glitch, but i appreciate the introduction and obviously, this important conversation today about the extraordinary need facing our family farms and rural communities at this time. spring is normally a very optimistic time, right? a hopeful time for farmers as they prepare the field to get crops out there, but this is no ordinary spring, as we all know, and this is -- i will just kind heelseat, coming on the of some really tough past years, farmers are financially stretched to the brink across all commodities and livestock, and the recent disruptions and market changes are putting those conditions in even more dire straits at this time. that said, farmers contin

it's german farmers day and despite the annual conference of the german farmers association. the event demonstrates how much of farming in germany works it's a large scale industry led by risk adverse interest groups pays the price of the delegates insist they're open minded about organic farming but they're also quick to stress that it's a tricky market. when vio find informative would have and you could obviously if we don't find sellers in the organic farming sector tells us that it prefers organic grain imported from ukraine then we need to take that into account we're not operating in a vacuum. market exists and it will continue to grow but a centrally planned 100 percent switch to organic farming just doesn't make sense. kinds of. judging by the mood at the farmers general assembly organic farming has little chance of flourishing the association carefully. cultivates its time is to the chemicals industry one of the world's largest pesticide manufacturers is among the event sponsors. and yet among german farmers there are many opponents of conventional methods here in th

national farmers union. after growing up on a dairy farm in west virginia, rob has worked on agricultural policy for more than 20 years overseeing the the and 2014 farm bill with agriculture committee and .orking with congress thank you for joining us. i will turn it over to you. is rob live? r ok. rob: ok. i appreciate the introduction, and obviously this conversation today about the extraordinary needs that are facing our family farms and rural communities at this time. normally a very optimistic time, a hopeful time for farmers as they prepare the fuel --the field to get crops out there, but this is no ordinary spring as we all know. this is -- i will just repeat, that coming on the heels of some really tough past years, farmers are financially stretched to the brink across all commodities and livestock, and the recent disruptions in market changes are just sending those operations in more dire straits at this time. that said, farmers continue to produce food in abundance and although there has been some

so instead of the farmers dumping -- instead of the farmers dumping all this milk and eggs and so on it be shared so that it could be prepared and used. host: claire babineaux fontenot : have you had conversations with the farmers and potentially actions your organization could take to help them out with this? guest: we have. yes. i may have mentioned this earlier. we've had a long history of having partnerships that cut across just about every industry in the united states and that certainly includes farmers. and we're actively talking with farmers right now. what we have to do is change the whole logistical system for delivering these products to people who need them and unfortunately, that has taken a also time but we're working with them. we're also appealing to the government to help us do that in a way that's sufficient. as i hope that your addence has seen there have been things we all agreed upon. we shouldn't have waste when people are facing hunger. and in the middle of the crisis i've seen quite a bit of bipartisanship consensus on trying to match it up and we're working n

that certainly includes farmers. we are actively talking with farmers right now. what we have to do with them. we're also appealing to the government to help us do that in a way that's sufficient. as i hope that your addence has seen there have been things we all agreed upon. we shouldn't have waste when people are facing hunger. and in the middle of the crisis i've seen quite a bit of bipartisanship consensus on trying to match it up and we're working now through a plan and hoping to get the logistics in place to deliver this quickly because there are people in crisis now and they can't wait. we're working very directly with farmers and work our way through. the federal government has a role to play and we're working on the dynamics of all those three. host: wild and wonderful. echoing your comments, every day the u.s. throws away enough food to feed a nation, it's a travesty. bill next in albany, georgia. good morning. caller: i appreciate you taking my call. how are you doing? host: you bet. caller: i'm a disabled vet, older and my mom is 90 years old on oxygen

mr president you may remember earlier this year you tweeted a message to our farmers and ranchers that no matter their circumstances you pledged to stand by on them and while none of us could ever been displayed in this type of pandemic that we're currently in i think today's announcement is proof that you put our you have our farmers backs in that you will continue to do what it takes to support them and they are very grateful we've heard a lot recently all of you about our food supply chain i think america now knows that more than ever the wholesome food that our families depend upon and starts with america's farmers and ranchers america culture has been hard hit like most of america with the coronavirus and president trump is standing with our farmers and all americans to make sure we all get through this national emergency so today thanks to your direction in leadership mr president u.s.d.a. is announcing the coronavirus food assistance program as you mentioned this new 19000000000 dollar program will take several immediate actions to assist farmers ranchers and consumers in respon

our farmers serve the needs of fellow americans.pandemic as we speak. i want to thank you for your unwavering support. they want to thank you for your unwavering support, and i want to commit to you into the american people the usda will do in our power to implement this programme as quickly and efficiently as possible to help ourfarmers, ranchers, producers and consumers doing this great time of need. so thank you very much for having me here today and god bless you, god bless america, god bless... thank you. so our great secretary of agriculture was the governor of georgia for eight years, and the only reason he isn't still there frankly is that he was term limited. i said let's get you for agriculture. we want to thank you very much. eight years in georgia. really appreciated, great job. even as we prepare to rebuild our economy, america continues to wage an all—out medical ward to defeat the invisible enemy. to date, we have conducted more than 3.78 million coronavirus tests, by far the most of any country. it's not even close.

but he says the market is bala tiles and farmers are worried about the future. not about them and we are scared for what may happen next because of this law and we're still waiting for the promised machine from the government that we were supposed to get from that if they earned then they increase it last year. the philippine government has imposed strict measures to clamp down on the spread of the covert $1000.00 pandemic putting the entire region of lives on under what it calls an enhanced community quarantine . it is home to more than 60000000 filipinos and the closure of businesses has led to a sudden loss of work that is devastating families here. reland overly n.t. owns $82.00 hacked or pepper and tomato farm and is one of those affected. by your bias don't really count the neighbor i say that we don't want to go to dinner when we do they even dictate the price at least 2 warehouses they say have closed down here and now farmers have to queue for space at trading posts like this one before the lock down this was just an empty parking lot now this has becom

of the farmers. stephanie christman works at an institute in the moroccan capital rabat it was here that she developed up she says the consequences of global insect disappearance could be dramatic such as loss of food crops soil erosion and even human migration. when my get into a world which is not peaceful anymore. in all areas because everybody will be affected and i think we have to start thinking on pollinator laws and on pollinator protection and also in terms of keeping global peace. the thousands of samples she collects help scientists gain an overview of insect populations. we can for example take this one yeah this is amazing to be. the mason because they will make us above ground the researchers have been studying feeding and breeding behavior they've also shown farmers how to spot insect nast's we did interviews with families they don't recognise the last year or so for there's we have to go through the field and to show them that yes there are make them and seeing that their lands and th

business association s for farmers, it has never been usedded by farmers before.da secretary will reopen the dairy program for the farmers. there was no reason for farmers at the time to sign up, prices, the markets looking forward looked really good then, and then coronavirus hit, we're back to prices we saw in 2008 and 09. >>> amazing how quickly things have changed. to your point, your industry perhaps things look better, but now this happens. do you have -- business leaders have a tough time providing any outlook that goes beyond this month or next. do have you any idea in terms of second half of the year might look like? or just flying blind at this time? >> we're really flying blind, looking at future market, dairy and beef they are way down, we're looking at a dairy down about 25%, 30%. beef prices down 25%. these are all prices that have dropped in lest 6 weeks -- last 6 weeks, right now farmers don't know where to turn. like they said earlier, dairy has been in a world of hurt for 5 years, this is just going to turn some farmers away faster. and it is not

and what could german farmers learn from them. in the game sponte w literature invites us to see people in particular. i like to see myself as the kids by the strong and growing up her. my own objective is to share work or find beautiful. delivery books on youtube. welcome to global 3000. divers recently thought they discovered a new reef in the mediterranean but what appeared to be bright colorful corals were in fact mountains of plastic waste swaying in the currents. humans have put their stamp on the planet and it's not always been a pretty one a report from the united nations says.

roasters are making bigger and bigger profits arning more and more money from coffee and the small farmers in africa who produce the coffee are getting less and less. shipping rule coffee beans has a high carbon footprint that's reviving interest in traditional transportation methods. change starts with a small group of people who others dismisses dreamers and then. is it even possible to change the $1000000000.00 coffee business. model you know we're doing something no one's ever done before. many coffee love is eager to do more to support fair trade. economy but if it normally works and if it encapsulate today however the 29 year old is gearing up for a competition and she's a bit nervous. nicole is about this stuff a professional who knows the ins and outs of a good cup of brew she has its sights set on being crowned world champion at the linz world of coffee trade fair. just don't think of it think i think you have to be a bit crazy to do. something like this but coffee is simply part of my life the biggest part actually. which is why she's interested in everything to do with coffee in

otherwise farmers will face penalties. but how is this suppososed to happen, rarandall asks a as he dede-worms his s sheep. new zealanand farmers arare aly producing g in an ecologogicay sustainablble way that w woule hard to findnd anywhere elsesn the world. >>>> the focus h has gone of productition a little e bit. peopople are not t trying to rs mamany sheep as s they can ano as welell as they cacan and at morere quality andnd there is e a bit momore work on e eatig quality ofof the product.. anand i guess pepeople are jusut tryiying to be a b bit more ae on somome of that enenvironmel stufuff and some o of the wele stuff.f. and d then just trtrying to pre a a more consiststent and a ber product for r the market.. >> t this afternoon, the aspinalls s are taking a a brk fromom the sheep. the fafamily, includuding grgr, are havingng a day out o on tr own farm. thisis is a playgrground of or 2,00000 hectares f for the two children. it even has a waterfall with a natural popool. this is how w johnny and j jose growowing up.

to front groups emerge from the meeting one which would eventually be called missouri farmers care andthe alliance for truth while these front groups seem to have sprung out of thin air it was actually a highly coordinated effort financed largely by corporate agriculture nearly 82 percent of total contributions to missouri farmers care originated from 3 corporate agriculture trade. groups and their respective political action committees. the missouri farm bureau the missouri pork producers and the missouri soybean association while the missouri farmers care campaign highlighted the positive role of missouri farmers in society the alliance for truth was focused on misrepresenting the clear language improper be the majority of the funding for the alliance for truth was funneled through missouri farmers care by the same agricultural trade groups the trade groups involved represent the interests of their member corporations in missouri these corporations include some of the largest agribusiness is in the united states months sent to tyson cargill and smithfield foods while these trade grou

or missouri farmers care which were largely responsible for the opposition to proposition b.alliance for truth that could be for anything you know but they can't call themselves you know friend group in favor of herding dogs so they have to come up with them other word to just totally distract you from the issue at hand it's not about the dogs it's about liberalism growth of government intrusion into your life during has a proud tradition of dog breeding for hunting home companionship and just best friends to enforce existing law against animal abuse but vote no to the big government liberal it's on the proposition paid for by a large for true mark paterson treasurer i mean they would be fending of those one thing i mean alliance for truth is literally just a front so there has been a tremendous amount a shocking amount of organized opposition to efforts to increase the standards of care for dogs bred in commercial breeding facilities and most of that opposition quite frankly is coming from huge agricultural groups and industry these are groups that had nothing to do with dog

so all of the farmers i know are the family farmers and mar jns are tight.t pushes us to the point where the smaller farmers are liquidating whether it's a forced bankruptcy or just realizing this is not sustainable business model and it's going the route of bigger farms and, you know, that's just the route it's going right now. >> tony, one of these days you and i will talk and you will tell me how great things are going in the industry but we appreciate that while they're not you keep on letting our viewers understand particularly people like me used to getting the food from the store and do not fully understand the supply chain and what you and the people who work for you are doing. tony melenthin, president of the wisconsin soybean association. thank you again for joining me, sir. >>> right now we as a nation are pulling through because of the selfless commitment of our essential worker who is are also helping us prepare for what the new normal may look like. check out some of these examples. the dating app bumble created when's created a rescue program

our farmers is ye all of us have. but they are working every day to continue the kind of bountiful, nutritious productivity is the hallmark of california. we are blessed to have the farmers and ranchers that we have had that named us the number one agricultural state and leader in our tree nuts and dairy and our fruits and vegetables. i like to tell people, if you've had a salad today l is a 50/50 chance that the salad came from the state of california. the shock to closing down food service has ramifications to how we all shop and eat these days. 50% of our food dollars are spent in the food service arena. no longer in retail. like it used to be. and that has backed up product. and because it is so perishable, some of it has just come out of the ground. a program that was in right place. to say at any time of the year we have markets that are not absorbing all of our crop, but we don't want it to go to waste. we want the citizens of california to have access to that healthy food. they ran a pilot program that led to

farmers markets were about 25% of our business, and because the government said farmers markets wereble to stay home as an essential business, as a grocery-like operation, we had to put together a solution that would allow us to move these boxes to a home consumer so we could move these crops that were destined for restaurants. >> that is an amazing 36-hour pivot. good for you, but it can't be bringing in the type of revenue that you were getting on a consistent basis from restaurants. i wonder what the personal toll has been for you. i mean, you talked about losing all this weight and sleepless nights. what's it like? >> it's been incredibly stressful for our entire family. we're trying desperately to keep our employees right now. this has changed our business operations completely overnight. we do desperately still want to support our restaurants that are trying to stay open right now. that has dropped considerably. we have been able to do this program and get the csa boxes out, but arizona has a different growing season than the rest of the country. so we are starting to face 100-

but many small farmers in india fear for their livelihoods. this is how the begins his days he's typical of millions of small dairy producers across india his family doesn't on a farm they take care of the cattle in their backyard it's hard work there's never a day off he makes about $60000.00 rupees selling his milk that's around $775.00 euros a month but buying fodder and medicine blows a big hole in his income the initial to saddled with debt load see took out to cover his mounting costs when all bets factored out his income drops to just $10000.00 rupees a month around $130.00 euros the mission is exactly the kind of dairy farmer could be impacted if india and the us agree on a create the that gives american dairy producers easier access to the market here. india has long protected its farmers by disputing cheap daily imports an extensive network of operatives and small vendors produces middlemen superduper those also receive a sizeable fraction of the retail price beat by consumers up to 70 percent of it. but many feel. that could all and

care campaign highlighted the positive role of missouri farmers in society the alliance for truth wasfocused on misrepresenting the clear language improper be the majority of the funding for the alliance for truth was funneled through missouri farmers care by the same agricultural trade groups that. groups involved represent the interests of their member corporations in missouri these corporations include some of the largest agra businesses in the united states months sent to tyson cargill and smithfield foods while these trade groups used their vast financial resources opposing prop b. the corporations that ultimately provided the majority of the funding for the campaign remained silent simply put without the financial support of corporate agriculture the puppy mills of missouri would not have had the ability to mount the alliance for truth or missouri farmers care which were largely responsible for the opposition to proposition b. alliance for truth that could be for anything you know but they can't call themselves you know friend group in favor of herding dogs so they have to come