debit and credit cards direct deposits into an account and accounts with federal deposit insurance corporation backing. we talk all the time on boom bust about financial services but tens of millions of people around the world have no access whatsoever to financial products simple things like banking's are alien to many to further discuss this stephen hollingshead the c.e.o. of change annex is with us stephen thank you so much for being with us what's the extent of this problem and i imagine it's primarily in emerging markets around the world emerging companies but tell us what the scope of the problem is well it's a huge problem our you know there are a couple billion people who are unbanked more than that but what's really interesting is that there's a billion of those people who have a smartphone in their pocket they've got access to the internet. and the first kid that i met. who asked me to connect on facebook in a refugee camp before we sat down to talk. really drove the point home to me the fact that this kid who took beautiful photographs couldn't sell them on line because of september