federal reserve act. it created a federal reserve system.ugh its real operating powers residein 12 regionalanks, its official headquarters was in washington, d.c. merritt sherman, active with the fed since 1926, describes one of its early tools to regulate banking activity-- the discount rate. that was the first tool used whenhe fed was created, the discount rate being the rate that is charged to member banks when they need to come in toet additional reserves. and it is raised to restraitheir borrowing, lowered to encourage their borrowing. through world war i, through the roaring twenties, most and went abouttheir bu. the system was safe then one day, it all came tumbling down. october 24, 1929, the greatest stock market crash in history marked the beginning of years of economic devastation. banks failed by e thousands. the fed failed its major test. we asked economist lester chandler for an explanation professor chandler, the fed was set up to pvent bank failures and avoid depressions, all of whichappened in the 1930s. whatent wrong? withi

not the federal reserve system. the federal reserve system is a mere agency like the federal communications commission or the old to interstate commerce commission. it's a mere agency of the federal government. so there is an indispensable minimum if not more on a prudential basis involvement of united states government initially by congress having the power, the sole power to define the gold weight of the dollar were the gold standard to be reestablished. that is where the initiative, i believe, will come from, and it is certainly not without recognition many washington that there is a move -- in washington that there is a move for a monetary commission not unlike that which was established after the banking panic of 1907 to create a commission at the very highest level among those senior officials of the government and private citizens to examine just as the aldridge-vreland commission did in 1-9d1908-1912. the causes of the panics and failed enterprises of the federal reserve system since the inauguration of the f

live in a world now, which you have asset bubbles for the rich. 51 spored by -- sponsored by federal reserve systemd stamps for the poor. a middle class that is losing purchasing power. we have one institution in washington which is really operating with a policy that is the federal reserve system, a policy men to create stock market booms, real estate booms, all to the benefit perhaps not by intention, but all to the benefit of the invest ar class, the speculative class. lou: one may defer say not a intention on part of the fed, but one cannot resist the idea this is not an accident we watch 50 million people on food stamps, an explosion on sokol security -- social security disability, and yet this population of ours, 314 million last count, last i read, they are not restive about it, it is fine. and saying that republicans must be mind lers, they scoff at the republicans the result is a clear path for mr. obama and the left. >> one of the possible elements of the situation is that, bernanke is one thinks an ho honorable man, financing obama administration and the execkive orders designed by obama

system. what was the federal reserve doing? d was supposed to engage in a countercyclical policy to counteract trends in the economy. but instead, it, at the beginning began to play a very neutral role. it just let the banking system slide very slowly into chaos. once again panic took hold. in 1930, 1,000 banks failed. in 1931, more than 2,000. in 1932, the american people looked to new leadership to lift the country out of its economic crisis. i propose to show that this leadership misunderstood the forces that were involved in the economic life of the country. it encouraged speculation and overproduction through its false economic policy. incumbent president herbert hoover was routed at the polls by franklin delano roosevelt. this great nation will endure as it has endured. first of all let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. in his inaugural address roosevelt pledged to establish strong banking safeguards. there must be a strict supervision of all banking and credit and investments. th

the house of representatives would pass twice a bill that says that we ought to audit the federal reserve system and even the republican party was forced to acknowledge that in the last campaign not because they care but they knew that it was politically beneficial for romney to at least say something and put something in the platform so i say that's where the change has to be has to be with the people attitudes have to change and that is where we're making great strides so i i always felt very good about what's happening and of course i get criticized from both ends you know that you didn't achieve the not as much and you were tilting at windmills this sort of thing but i can't say personally that i've been you know disappointed with it and right now it's led to this opportunity where i can still talk about the issues i think people's attitudes and minds and educational levels have everything to do with government's reflect the people when the people jacked i believe government will change the head of a wiki leaks julian assad's recently described himself as a big admirer of yours what do you t

perhaps her best qualification to take over from ben bernanke is her 36 year history with the federal reserve system, including a turn as president of the san francisco federal reserve bank and her counter role, vice chair of the fed board in washington dc. along the way she has gained high profile endorsers, including sheila bear. >> she's qualified with a great public image. i want someone that main streets that. >> when lawrence summers withdrew his name marcus reacted positively, believing he would have tightened the rain on the fed's stimulus policy more aggressive than janet yellen. >> some question whether janet yellen would be as daring if tested by crisis. >> given her background and history with the fed, she'd be less bold. at the end of the day i'm not sure it would be a bad thing. having a boring fed for a while would be good for the american public and the economy. >> janet yellen does not have a close relationship with president obama. some believe it could hurt her nomination chances. no one doubts her ability to build concensus at this juncture in the economy. >> tent towns are poppi

. >> reporter: but perhaps her best qualification is his 36-year history with the federal reserve systemncluding a term as president of the san francisco current recur bank. along the way she has gained a number of high-profile endorsers including sheila blare. >> i want somebody who main street trusts and respects. >> reporter: for now at least wall streets like her new. when larry summers withdrew his name, they reacted favorably. some question whether yellen would be as bearing if tested by crisis. >> i think given her background, she would be a lot less bold, but having a more boring fed for a while would be a good thing for our economy and the public. >> reporter: as a long-time fed player, no one doubts her ability to build consensus at this critical juncture in the nation's economy. of course the nomination is not a sure thing there are other strong con tenders including don kohne who served during the height of the financial crisis, and ferguson. if he were to land the job, he would be the first african american to head the federal banks. >> it sure feels like a sure thing. >> sh

stakes here are you represent the interests of everyone who's not let's say on the teat of the federal reserve system the bank of england system that the ne'er do wells the the the guys the welfare queens like warren buffett you represent the real people out there the honest people would you agree with that absolutely and you know it's very frustrating max you know you just described very well i mean the fed is probably let's just say the largest hedge fund in the world there's no more markets i think i don't know it was chris powell coined the phrase there's no markets there's just interventions and what really annoys me is that when you can get actual evidence provided by a firm which is no soon to be manipulating in other markets energy markets other metals markets and see if the c.e.o. the regulator that this is the body that's supposed to be controlling these things has actual evidence in their control and a year and several months later i see nothing i hear nothing and obviously makes one really frustrated and i have spoken to one of the commissioners who i believe actually be a good guy and a

. >> but perhaps her best qualification is her 36 year history with the federal reserve system including a alternatively as president of federal reserve bank and her current role vice chair of the fed board in washington, d.c. along the way, she has gain the support of many high profile financial beingless, includining jane bair. $85 billion a month stimulus policy more aggressively than yellen. a more aggressive leadership, some question whether yellen would be as daring when tested by crisis. >> i think given her background she would be a lot less bold but at the end of the day, i'm not sure that would be a bad thing because having a more boring fed now would be a good thing for the american public and for our economy. >> yellen doesn't have a strong relationship with president obama, but as a long time fed player no one doubts her ability to build consensus at this critical part of the economy. >> settle investigations into its so-called london whale trade losses according to reports. and the bank is also expected to admit guilt as part of a deal with regulators. j.p. morgan has been

he then created, presenteda macabre pass something called the federal reserve system, which today remains of course the bedrock of our economy. the eight hour workday, worker's compensation. but the first jewish on the supreme court. every week, every month there were some new idea or wilson would say, some new ideal that was going to be passed, something that he was going to present. this is the almost magical thing that wilson did in the first few years in the first term of office. that is, he not only be defined the possibilities of a president, the executive powers that a president could have they could be the presidency of the least a fine office in the constitution and therefore you think it was the president can basically do anything he wants until someone tells him he can't. that's the congress or the supreme court. that's the first thing he did. he went and out though the sharp elbows, but i'm swinging. the second day and this may be the most important thing that has resonance to this week. and that is wilson redefined the president of the united states and iraq with the congress

i think the foundation to the economy and the federal reserve system goes back to wilson. certainly, our foreign policy is rooted in a speech that woodrow 1917. gave in he said that he wanted to -- wanted to make the world safe for democracy. all of our foreign policy decisions since then, for good or ill, are rooted in that. that is something. the other reasons i wanted to write about wilson were that's .here were ideals and ideas he was so high-minded and i do not think that we have had a president who is as high-minded as wilson. i think that is a good thing to remind ourselves of. >> you say that he was a racist. >> he was a racist. any definition of the word, he was a racist. law, but his greatest it is the biggest strike against him personally. for someone who is at a progressive thinker as he was, he was regressive in his thinking in this. my job isense, and not to defend or excuse, merely explain. he was a 19th century figure. 1856 and hisn first memory is being told that lincoln was elected president and there would be a great war. he grew up, literally, rememberi

federal reserve. guest: rates are going to be low across as a crisis so as not like savings bonds will have a higher rate. to answer your question on independence, the federal reserve system is a private public partnership. the federal reserve board is a thatalized government makes monetary policy. host: the leadership of the board, we mentioned janet yellen is someone who might be in line to leave the board. mentioned as donald kohn, who is he? guest: he with the federal vice president under alan greenspan. he has a 40 year history of the federal reserve. that areese qualities fundamental for the future of the fed chairman which is an understanding of expectations and the balance and trade of. host: we are also saying mentioned in the financial times today, roger ferguson, tim geithner and ben bernanke. guest: ben bernanke would be a good choice, but all of these people have in common some affinity towards the federal reserve and experience with the federal reserve. understanding of the economy and how it works. let me just mention that the federal reserve operation is not merely to help banks. it is also for job creation. the idea is that you keep interest late throw, f

progressive agenda in the -- mostly in the first term of office and that starting with the federal reserve system has become basically the bedrock of our economy as well. and also along the way in a bigger sense he redefined the function of a president. he was the great active president of the 20th century that other leaders, the f.d.r.s, the l.b.j.s, the ronald reagans all followed. >> rose: where do you rank him among the great presidents if he's approaching being great? >> i rank him high. i'd say in the top four or five presidents. there was a period where everyone ranked woodrow wilson in the top four or five presidents and in the succeeding decades in mid-century he began to fall out of favor and by the end of the century he was among the near greats -- between the greats and the near greats. >> rose: often when you think of woodrow wilson you think of the failure of the league of nations. you think of an idealistic foreign policy. you think of a man who was an academic and did not come up in the rough and tough tumble of politics. >> that's right. >> rose: those fair assessments of what st

i think the foundation to our economy, the federal reserve system, that goes back to wilson. certainly, our foreign policy is rooted in a speech woodrow wilson gave in 1917 on april 2 when he said the world must be made safe for democracy. and he was calling for american entry into world war i. really, all of our foreign policy decisions since then for good or for bad are rooted in that. so that's something. the other things i wanted to write about wilson i think were for the ideals and ideas. i mean, here's a man who was so high-minded. i don't think we had a president quite so high minded as wilson. that's a good thing to remind ourselves of. >> you say several times in the book that he feels a racist. >> he was a racist. and, yes, i think by any definition of the word, he was a racist. i think this was not his greatest flaw, but it's certainly the biggest strike against him personally. and for someone who was such a progressive thinker as he was, it was certainly the most regressive aspect. in his defense and my job is not to defend him or to excuse him, more to try to exp

she knows the federal reserve system. people in the system like her.'ve never anyone who doesn't like her. and i think that's a very good attribute to have when you're trying to herd the cats on the fomc. >> i know it's not the big problem right now, but down the road, might a chairman yellin keep money too easy for too long as we did ten years ago? >> i think she could, but i think that there is enough hawks on the committee and she is a consensus builder that she'll listen to those. so i don't think the fomc as a whole would end up making that mistake. >> all right. we'll leave there it. greg mankiw, harvard university, best-selling textbook in history. i love that thank you so much. >>> may have been a big day for the markets, but don't tell anyone you know who is under the age of 35. that's because the so-called millennial generation isn't investing in stocks, isn't buying homes, and isn't saving. we've assembled an all-star panel of young cnbc talent to get these kids to take the ipod buds out of their ears and start investing in their futures. i'

system. here you have donald at the federal reserve saying essentially don't be worried. the repeal of glass stiegel makes our system more able to react to problems. he was wrong. >> i think he is in a pretty large category of people is said that. a lot of people at the fed did not see that as a big issue. i think if you look at basic monetary policy they are pretty much the same. so if they are pretty much the same, if the president were to reject her people ask the question, why did you do this. i think this gets into a gender issues which is the last thing that this beleaguered president needs right now. making a decision based on gender alone would be the wrong decision. we have talked about potential dark horses. is there anyone else's name should be discussed? >> probably tim geithner. he was that the fed, the president of the new york city fed. he knows the system. the players. he does not want the job. he would like to go out and make some money. this is not what you would want to do right now. if the president of the united states calls you and says we need you, i

i think the foundation to our economy, the federal reserve system, that goes back to wilson. certainly, our foreign policy is rooted in a speech woodrow wilson gave in 1917 on april 2 when he said the world must be made safe for democracy. and he was calling for american entry into world war i. really, all of our foreign policy decisions since then for

he is the president of the federal advisory council in the federal reserve system.he has been involved and engaged in numerous cultural, educational, and a civic organizations -- civic organizations where he has gained distinguished awards, the woodrow wilson for good citizenry award. pnc has been awarded excellence in corporate philanthropy because of commitment -- their commitment to early childhood education. ceo, he wasenure as named-- his company was the great workplace award and working mothers 100 best companies. it doesn't get better than that. jim rohr exemplifies and personifies the notion of public service at its finest, at its brightest. his contributions truly do shine a spotlight on how one person can make a difference, because jim rohr has. please give a very well -- very warm welcome to jim rohr. [applause] >> this is my best day! what a wonderful introduction. i would love to can that one. there are probably a lot of people who disagree with that. [laughter] thank you very much, senator. it is a great honor and privilege. with your unbelievable care

this ra, ra for the federal reserve system is obnoxious. : al, what's your concerns with the federal reserve? caller: first off, it's the devaluation of the dollar. if you go to google and type in dollar devaluation chart, since 1913 we have lost 95% of the value of the dollar. i'd appreciate it if you'd comment on that. and i'll take my answer off the air. thank you. host: devaluation of the dollar. guest: right. so part of this quantitative easing suppresses interest rates and suppresses the value of the dollar, that is absolutely true. and i understand what i hear as a rising -- almost anger toward the federal reserve because of the erosion of savings accounts, the erosion of the power of the dollar, but to say that the federal reserve is the ly main actor in the economy underserves the role of congress, the role of the white house and the fiscal obligations in generating the economy. again, the federal reserve only has one tool. that's to keep low interest rates low through their open market operations. without that, many believe, many e

he was the president of the federal advisory council on the federal reserve system.e has been involved and engaged in numerous cultural, educational, and physical organizations. distinctive recognitions in the form of the horatio algers distinguished citizen award, the corporate citizenry award. he has been awarded excellence in corporate finances -- philanthropy and the workshop on maria ward. and during his tenure as ceo of pnc, his company was named the great work place award for working mothers. it does not get better than that. he personifies the notion of public service in its brightest and broadest facets. his contributions truly do shine a spotlight on how one person can make a difference because jim rohr has. please give a very warm welcome to jim rohr. [applause] >> this is my best day. what a wonderful introduction. i will have to can that one. there are probably a lot of people would disagree with it. thank you very much, senator. and with your own believable -- unbelievable career in the senate, have to thank you for that and congratulate you for that an

they have done to the grading system what the federal reserve have done to the economy. >> david: theyled a my center the test and they charge $35 for the test. colleges are picking up the extense. >> i wish it were that simple. business didn't go by my college grades or i would still look for a job. colleges have a good sense of how to prepare you for what comes next. if you go that route. businesses on the other hand may interview you. >> david: businesses themselves when they are polled they say they don't have the faith of a college ability to prepare for the real world. >> the proof of that i why so many kids while they are in college do internships. we use intern at forbes all the time. that's how we ferret out which ones we hire and which aren't cut out for forbes. absolutely businesses. >> david: this is a relatively cheap test. $35. you don't have to attend college to take the test by the way. businesses may go around colleges now. maybe a college degree won't be that important on your resume anymore. >> this is a threat colleges face. highly technical jbs like medical and sci

system. expectations that the u.s. federal reserve would start with buying its bond buying program next month also wait upon the currency. >> the u.s. has been progressing for the past four quarters, and we have been going down for the past two or three quarters, and now our rupee has touched a never earlier seem low, so i think this time, the recession is more on the mental -- more fundamental, and i think it is more serious, and it could be definitely more troublesome. unfortunately, we are in for i think a more troubled time than in 2008. >> worried over a spike in interest rates, the reserve bank of india announced a slew of measures including bond buyback to ensure adequate credit flow into industrial sectors of the economy. >> very soon, by the here and, and earliest in the next month, they may stop their purchasing of bonds. then the liquidity will dry up, as far as india is concerned, the incoming capital flow will target our trade deficit, so this is going to be a problem, and that is the reason why we have seen the following

he was the president of the federal advisory council on the federal reserve system. he has been involved and engaged in numerous cultural, educational, and physical organizations. distinctive recognitions in the form of the horatio algers distinguished citizen award, the corporate citizenry award. he has been awarded excellence in corporate finances -- and the workshop on maria ward. and during his tenure as ceo of the his company was named great work place award for working mothers. it does not get better than that. he personifies the notion of public service in its brightest and broadest facets. contributions truly do shine a spotlight on how one person can make a difference because jim rohr has. please give a very warm welcome to jim rohr. [applause] >> this is my best day. what a wonderful introduction. i will have to can that one. there are probably a lot of people would disagree with it. thank you very much, senator. and with your own believable -- unbelievable career in the senate, have to thank you for that and congratulate you for that and for what you are c

so much of what happens is antitrust, the federal reserve system.then you get the need for finance capitalism because of the large institutions and so much of the new deal is rules for that. the rules that came out of the new deal, the investment company bank insurance, worked pretty well until the 1980s. , a lot ofo things liquidity is available outside of the banks. secondly, information technology . it becomes possible to do things, particularly with regards to securitization. what happens in the 80s and 90s is people have come up with ways in the industry to pass the buck on the risks. there are systems whereby people think they can make some money and minimize the responsibility for the risks. but i think the job of the public sector is not to tell people you can't do this and reconnects to try and the risk-taking with the responsibility for taking them. tolet me give bill a chance respond to that question. when you think about the reasons for the crisis, would you end up now? >> i was asked to serve on this commission and i told them that this

that's our show for today for thursday the federal reserve continues to pump tens of millions of dollars into the financial systeml tell what you that means >> on the outskirts the army is reportedly taking on armed men. [♪ music ] >> hello, welcome to al jazeera. it is good to have you here with us. also on this program. >> we have never pursued or sought a nuclear bomb, and we are not going to do so. >> iran's new president promises his country will never seek a nuclear weapon. >>> qaddafi's regime on trial. they're due

that's our show for today for thursday the federal reserve continues to pump tens of millions of dollars into the financial systeml tell what you that means . inter. >> hello and welcome to the al jazeera network. here at doha. a car bomb claims at least 20 lives in damascus. flashes south of cairo as the army tries to take over an opposition strong hold. facing yet more flooding mexico races for another

that's our show for today for thursday the federal reserve continues to pump tens of millions of dollars into the financial systeml tell what you that means foyou what that meansfor our fi. see you tomorrow. >> hi, you're in the stream. is laughter the cure for intolerance? a group of young muslims think so. [♪ music ] >> we're here bringing all the feedback, waj, the entertainment industry has a way of drawing in people influencing their views and our community gets that. >> where are the stories of american muslims. 40% of

are -- are a new set of authorities that allow the federal reserve to regulate any financial institution that could create risks for the broader systemhad these very large companies who really were not overseen in a methodical way by the government at all. at the same time they were creating these massive risks for the economy. that's one thing that dodd frank does a pretty good job of taking care of. making sure that people don't slip through the cracks the way they did in 2008. that said, did dodd-frank do enough to prevent these kinds of risks from building again? i think that's -- the jury is still very much out. >> and only a third of the rules of dodd-frank have actually been written so far? >> that's correct. and the ones that have been written in many cases have deviated from the legislative intent. one would example would be derivatives regulation, where the commodities future trading commission wanted to be regulated in the u.s., but were traded overseas, and after basically stepping in by the treasury secretary, they pulled back on that. and according to a report by bloomberg, as a result only about 20% of the derivatives

federal reserve chairman ben bernanke took immediate action to prevent a full-blown depression. >> the financial systems in the united states and in much of the rest of the world are under extraordinary stress, particularly the credit and money markets. the fed announced extraordinary measures one after another. officials tried to ease the credit crunch by purchasing mortgage-backed securities. they cut the benchmark interest rate to near zero. first time in the fed's history, and they decided to buy large amounts of long-term government bonds. despite these measures, the recovery was slow. the unemployment rate before the crisis was about 5%. it it reached 10% in late 2009. federal officials wanted to avoid the fate that japan trend in the 1990s. they fear a prolonged depression will lead to inflation. some lawmakers criticized the move. they said the move could weaken the fed's financial half and lead to a loss of investment trust in the bank. >> inflation worries spread. >> but unemployment remll above four years from the lehman brothers' collapse. federal officials have already implemented the stimu

absolutely so as it stands the federal reserve has been pumping eighty five billion dollars worth of bonds into the system every mother not just means that is putting cash into a sick man if you like is giving money that is not otherwise there now there has been talk about increasing interest rates and because of that investors are pulling their money out of what is seen as risky assets the emerging market and sending it back to their economies in the hope of higher interest rates to make more money and also into safe fact havens and that means that these emerging economies become very volatile and as do the current is now to counteract this it's become more important than ever to move forward with the development bank now this bank was first the subject was first approached in durham in south africa back in march and then it wasn't seen as needed but now it's very much is and there's been some clarification come out today one of the biggest questions was how much money each country was going to contribute so i can tell you now that has been clarified china will give forty one billion to that one hundred

federal reserve. >> one of the president's most important appointments is chairman of the federal reserve. the fed is the symbol of the integrity of our financial systemed affects the lives and livelihoods of all americans. >> everybody wants to go back and say things are fine now. look, we solved our problem. we're just asking for another crisis. >> this is an experiment. we've never done this before. we've never been here before. the federal reserve is really operating by the seat of their pants. >> i'm joined now by jim bruce, the producer, director, wroirt and editor of the film. busy guy. good to see you. >> thanks for having me. >> no car chases, no buildings blow up, the apocalypse doesn't happen in this movie. what would make people go to see it. >> i think the reason people come down is because i think the general population has an idea that the federal reserve is an incredibly powerful institution. >> but they don't really get it. >> and that's the idea is to welcome people in to have an opinion about the fed, to learn about the fed and to see the impact of fed policies on their lives. and we hope that if people understand more the fed's imp

federal reserve meets today and tomorrow, its key issue is when it will stop pumping money into the system to stimulate economic growth. indicators suggest the american better.is doing but with unemployment high, many worry about the fed turning off the tap. stephanie flanders reports for baltimore. >> it is big news for the whole ofbal economy if the flood cheap money from the u.s. begins to dry up. america's central-bank cares about the rest of the world, but what it has to care most about is what is happening here. in america today, there is huge optimism about u.s. businesses. huge uncertainty about when that will filter through to wages and jobs. candlesapeake bay company is a good news story. they use to make all the candles in asia. now a third are made right here. with 62 people, we are able to produce one third of what they are producing with 1200 people. you can see the efficiency. you can also see how you might have a big rise in production in america, and not have a very large increase of employment to go with it. >> it is intensive. >> they know all about tipping points in eas

but i think if you take the basic idea that the job of the federal reserve since it's our central bank is to control the monetary system which is what central banks in all countries do and if the goal is to increase the quality of money and lord knows the federal reserve has been doing that he is an on off the docks proposal increased the quantity of money by providing money to people at the bottom we have this peculiar idea that the only way the federal reserve can increase the quantity of money is by doling it out in low interest rates to big banks in all kinds of favorable purchase agreements to buy the toxic assets that banks have accumulated banks all the only institution in our society money could be created and distributed in the economy by going directly to the mass of people rather than simply the financial bigwigs especially since they're the ones who brought us the crisis in the first place that would be new thinking that would be a new direction and that ought to be what is on the agenda given the abysmal failure that is shown in our unemployment's to that is that's that's but it's brilliant and we have jus

system. reservations for weddings and other events a [captioning made possie by cbyifornia farm bureau federation] >> coming up on "california country," meet a farming family finding a way to give back to their community. then find out why this crop is coming out of the dark literally. next, it's turkey time. learn how to make a new recipe with the holiday favorite. and travel to one of the most unique farmers markets in the stata. it's all ahead, and it starts now. you would think being around watermelons all day, you might get sick of eating the sometimes messy snack, but not for farmer dan van groningen. >> that's good. that's crispy. it's sweet. it's wet. it's everything a watermelon should be. >> but then again, he's had a lot of practice eating watermelons at his family farm in ripon. for more than 70 years now, they've been growing the picnic favorite and have loved every minute of it, seeds and all. >> 1939, we started growin' watermelons the first time. my grandfather did, and, uh, my father was young then, and he would do the harvesting. they would, uh, load the watermelons into small,