thate reiterate however the committee's expectations for the past of the federal funds the federal of rate are contingent on the economic outlook. if the economy proves to be stronger than anticipated by the committee, resulting in the more rapid convergence of employment and the fomc's objectives, the increases in the federal funds rate are likely to occur sooner and to be more rapid than in currently -- than currently envisaged. economicrsely, if standards disappointed, increases in the federal funds rate are likely to take place later and be more gradual. to our statement on policy normalization principles and plans. intended tot is provide information to the public about the eventual normalization process. a change insignal the current or future stance of monetary policy. settingways the case in policy, the fomc will determine the timing and pace of policy so as to promote a statutory mandate of vacuum employment and price stability. since the crisis, the federal reserve has been providing extra dairy accommodation -- extraordinary accommodation using nontraditional terms of monet

it created a federal reserve system.ugh its real operating powers resided in 12 regionalanks, its official headquarters was in washington, d.c. merritt sherman, active with the fed since 1926, describes one of its early tools to regulate banking activity-- the discount rate. that was the first tool used whenhe fed was created, the discount rate being the rate that is charged to member banks when they need to come in toet additional reserves. and it is raised to restrain their borrowing, lowered to encourage their borrowing. through world war i, through the roaring twenties, most and went about the stheir business. then one day, it all came tumbling down. october 24, 1929, the greatest stock market crash in history marked the beginning of years of economic devastation. banks failed by e thousands. the fed failed its major test. we asked economist lester chandler for an explation. professor chandler,the fed was p to prevent bank failures and avoid depressions, all of whichappened in the 1930s. what went wrong? within the f

the clerk: a bill to improve federal employee compliance with the federal and presidential recordkeeping requirements and for other purposes. the speaker pro tempore: pursuant to the rule, the gentleman from north carolina, mr. meadows, and the gentleman from maryland, mr. cummings will be recognized for 20 minutes. the chair recognizes the gentleman from north carolina. mr. meadows: i yield myself such time as i may consume. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman is recognized. mr. meadows: thank you, mr. speaker. i ask unanimous consent that all members may have five legislative days within which to revise and extend their remarks and include extraneous materials on the bill under consideration. the speaker pro tempore: without objection. mr. meadows: thank you, mr. speaker. compliance with the federal records act and the presidential records act is vital in preserving the history of our government and ensuring its continued transparency. unfortunately, too frequently of late, congress has heard examples of agencies and individuals failing to comply with the basic provisions of the fed

not the federal exchange.y have decided to scrap the exchange and they are going to get for free code from the connecticut exchange system which has been very successful. that's envisioned for the launch. one question i'm asking as i go forward is this a bump in the road or a monumental blemish for maryland. i think based on what i know now maryland will continue to innovate and make huge strides that pull along a lot of other states. i think it is a bump on the road. a pretty big bump. but i think it is limited to that. thank you. >> hi. i'm going to talk about west virginia. then i'm going to take a minute or two to talk about work done in is south carolina. you have already heard the narrative is not simple. there are many complex story lines. those complex story lines occur in the states themselves. in many ways the story of aca implementation in west virginia is the story of two reforms. the first reform dealing with the decision not to operate a state exchange but to actually enter into a federal state p

in jurisdictional power of the federal government should only occur as a result of passage of federal legislation. we have a power grab in this administration. it goes on and on. that's why it is so critical to rein in his bill, to the e.p.a. in this effort at an oligarchy or actually a monarchy where we just have rules spoken into law, breathed into law in bureaucratic back rooms, taking private property rights away. this needs to be dealt with on the floor and that's what this house, republican majority, is trying to do. when it comes to the taliban five, it was very clear from the g.a.o. conclusion that, quote, when d.o.d. failed to notify specified congressional committees, at least 30 days in advance of its transfer of guantanamo bay detainees to qatar, d.o.d. used appropriated funds in violation of section 8111 of the law. and that law goes on in part, says, that none of the funds appropriated are otherwise made available in the act may be used to transfer any individuals attained at united states naval station, guantanamo bay. i've o find out here, seen today, that the taliban

not the federal exchange.letely scrap their exchange and are going to get for free code from the connecticut exchange system. that is what is envisioned for the november launch. one question that i am asking as i go forward is is this just a bump in the road or is this really a monumental blemish for maryland? i think based on what i know now maryland will continue to innovate and make huge strides that pull on a lot of other states. i think it is a bump on the road, a pretty big bump, but i think it is limited to that. thank you. >>> hi. i'm going to talk about west virginia and then i will take a minute or two to talk about how things are done in south carolina. you have already heard that the narrative is not simple. there are many complex story lines. and those complex story lines -- >> there is a partisan dimension program fairly substantial study in research into the options it had in creating its own exchange. as a result of analysis and looking at complexities of putting together i.t. the state opted n

rather than the seat of federal government. the issue of removal first came before congress in 1805. senator john quincy adams became the first member to argue the constitution did not give congress the power to remove the seat of government. only the power to locate, build, and govern it. his colleague from georgia, james jackson, pointed out that $21.5 assumed state debt had been pledged to the location. in late 1807 philadelphia launched campaign for the city. john adams reminded his dear friend james rush, that pennsylvania must accept responsibility not only for the potomac location but also for the domination of the federal government it had given slave holding south." when it reached house of representatives in february of 1808, opponents of washington, d.c. had nothing, nothing positive to say about a place they considered miserable, sickly, wretched in appearance, totally unfit for the seat of a great and powerful empire. it was badly planned with public buildings, distant from each other. perhaps the solitary block on

with the federal government spending nearly $3 billion across 13 federal agencies on stem education programs each year, we must ensure that government is leveraging rather than duplicating private sector stem education initiatives. our hearing today will provide a unique opportunity for our first panel of witnesses to discuss the innovative projects and programs taking place at their private sector businesses and educational institutions and for our second panel of witnesses to discuss their personal experiences with these types of initiatives. i look forward to hearing from all of our witnesses and i would like to thank them all for participation and offering their time and insight into the private sector success in stem education. at this point, i now recognize the ranking member, gentleman from illinois for an opening statement for five minutes. >> thank you, chairman. i want to thank all of our witnesses for being here today. one of the reasons that i had joined this committee, when i first came into congress is because the strong interest in working to improve math and science education

it also keeps the federal fund rate at zero to a quarter of a percent. this forward guidance, this guidance on interest rates, no change from the previous statement though some were expecting it. quote, the committee continues to anticipate based on its assessment of economic factors it will likely be appropriate to remain the current target range for federal funds short-term rates for a considerable time after the, asset purchase program, quantitative easing, program end later this year. the vote on the policy statement today was 8-2. two dissents in this statement, voting against it were richard fisher and charles plosser. fisher of the dallas fed, a hawk, said that he believed that the continued strengthening of the economy warranted a quicker reduction in monetary easing than is suggested in today's forward guidance. president plosser of philadelphia, also a hawk, objected to the policy guidance as well. he doesn't like the fact it is calendarer-based. on the new plan updating the 2011 plan for how the fed unwinds this 4 1/2 trillion balance sheet an

federer never with a chance there. bill: the crowd trying to encourage federer.ch ask a big mountain. john: cilic may have to send a monfils.e of thanks to took something out of those legs. roger hasn't been able to deal with how quick things have come to him. he's got to hope that cilic just completely tightens up when he tries to serve this out. >> fault. john: unlike monfils, who had a couple of match points, that was on roger's serve. cilic is going to be able to serve for it this next game. and roger federer has -- he's broken one time. bill: love game from federer. 12th ace and we'll be back to the u.s. open in just a moment. bill: well, the moment of truth for roger federer, trying to ontinue. it is on the cilic racket. up two sets and serving at 5-4. john: whoa. boy, what a way to start. bill: 129, his 11th ace. goran doing a pretty good job with that cilic serve? impression.his best back-to-back aces. john: he's playing faster than federer. bill: serving for the match, 30-0. john: oh, boy. bill: three straight aces. john: unbelievable. bill: now, triple

he's a key policy maker among the federal officials who are determining what the federal government'sresponse would be to poverty. and you read a short excerpt from a report he wrote called the negro family, a case for national action. this was a report meant for internalized, to convince other policy makers and president johnson of the problem. and except that it was leaked. and it was made public. and so let's talk about what moynahan has to say about black poverty in 1965. cara? >> well, it talks about stuff we've learned about in other classes, about]ók?ç"íx[ what sort of language does moynahan use to describe the problem? >> deterioration of the family. >> deterioration of the family, yep. other phrases? >> a quote that kind of stuck out. as jobs became more and more difficult to find, the stability of the family became more and more difficult to maintain. >> yeah. and stability of family, right? a good phrase there. as jobs for who became more and more difficult to find? african-americans. which african-americans? >> males. >> males, right. the stability of the family.

by the federal government to state and local police. it is our job to ensure that these programs provide value to police, to the community they serve, and to taxpayers. dr. coburn. >> good morning. thank you to our witnesses for appears, in both this panel and the second one. thank you to the chairman for convening this hearing. as i look at my short time left remaining in congress and having traveled for two weeks in oklahoma in august, i am brought contingencies t constantly and frequently back to the position of our founders, and not only their vision, but their wisdom. protect and serve. our founders saw no role for the federal government in state and local police forces. none. and yet what we have seen is, on the basis of what we saw on 9/11, what seems to be an overreaction and a progress to where the federal government in law enforcement is doing the same thing it's done in every other area whether it comes to the general welfare clause and the commerce clause. and we're on dangerous ground. of undermining the very principles tha

by federal law, employers of tipped workers benefit from a loophole in wage regulations. they can pay tipped workers a base wage that today is just thirty percent of the minimum wage. the rest is supposed to be made up by tips. >> so this is the thing that americans don't know when they eat out. the minimum wage for tipped workers is $2.13 an hour. seventy percent of tipped workers in america work at very casual family style restaurants where they're earning very little money in tips and squeaking by. and so the median wage, even with tips is under $9 an hour. >> we want to hear darden's perspective on these wages. >> but they've refused all of our requests for an interview, so we're on our way to the company headquarters, located just outside the city of orlando, and it's there that all the company's decisions are made. >> i think the worst form of stolen wages is the fact that they are spending millions of dollars - not on paying their workers a decent wage or providing benefits, but instead on lobbying, both at the state level and in congress, to keep wages at a povert

what was the federal reserve doing?ed was supposed to engage in a countercyclical policy to counteract trends in the economy. but instead, it, at the beginning began to play a very neutral role. it just let the banking system slide very slowly into chaos. once again panic took hold. in 1930, 1,000 banks failed. in 1931, more than 2,000. in 1932, the american people looked to new leadership to lift the country out of its economic crisis. i propose to show that this leadership misunderstood the forces that were involved in the economic life of the country. it encouraged speculation and overproduction through its false economic policy. incumbent president herbert hoover was routed at the polls by franklin delano roosevelt. this great nation will endure as it has endured. first of all let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. in his inaugural address roosevelt pledged to establish strong banking safeguards. there must be a strict supervision of all banking and credit and investments. t

so they have a federal i.t. and didn't feel they have the time and resources to contract with an outside vendor but everything else they are doing at a state level. is that a state level marketplace or federal marketplace. two more states have a partnership arrangement with federal government but instead of taking on planned management and outreach and enrollment activities like those other five are doing these two are only doing the planned management part and they are leaving outreach and enrollment activities to the federal government. that's iowa and michigan. they too are straddling state and federal. several more states are doing planned management very uncomfortable with referring to themselves as being in partnership with the federal government for political reasons and so they are doing the exact same things as iowa and michigan are doing, but they are not formal partnerships. i like refer to them as the partnership that must not be named. i think they go, the federal government refers to them as quasi

funds.fede federal funds.s we provide critical funding to state and local law enforcement agencies our videtae research and development and drds and testing programs managed by the national ev institute of justice enable us o to deploy state of the artemploy equipment and technology to aid in their work. uipmen much of the equipment and is adapted from the military. a notable example is the police body armor which has saved the lives of more than 3,100 lice officers. the our partnership with the department of defense and department of homeland security allows us to collaborate on the research and development -- we accomplish by providing technical assistance to state oh and local agencies through the national law enforcement and corrections technology center. i wish to also add that througho the police public contact survey our bureau of justice statistich collects data on citizen law enforcement interactions such as driver stops and request for assistance. tions we are working to improve our understanding of

in fact, gao has designated federal information security as a high-risk area in the federal government since 1997. and i think that there isn't anyone in this committee or anyone in congress or the public that doesn't think that more should be done, and in fact, that we embrace every potential positive, productive, professional recommendation moving forward. and so given that, ms. tavenner, knowing that the upcoming november open enrollment period is coming for millions of americans who will be shopping on the exchanges, how prepared are you to take these 28 recommendation and others to assure protection? >> yes, ma'am. let me start with the 22 technical recommendations. 19 of those have been resolved, fully mitigated or will be further reviewed prior to open enrollment. so, those will be handled. of the six other recommendations, we are in the process of either completing -- have completed those or will complete those prior to open enrollment. >> and based on the 19 that you've identified, ms. tavenner, and the remaining measures to implement, you are confident that not only are they

we have one federal government.vernment is responsible for seeing to it that every police officer embraces and practices the dictates of the constitution of the united states. if you're racist or suffer from another brand of bigotry, if you give in to excessive force, you need to find another line of work. if you're a good calm, if you're calm, professional, you need to be supported in that work. >> indeed. and i'm sorry to interrupt you, i want to thank pamela, maria, anthony, i have to interrupt you all. we do have breaking news. it's with great sadness, they announce the death of joan rivers. her daughter making that announcement saying she passed peacefully at 1:17 p.m. surrounded by family and close friends and this is coming from joan rivers' daughter. she says my family and i would like to thank the doctors, nurses, and staff of mt. sinai hospital. we thank you for the outpouring from around the world. we're going to wrap up "the reid report." more on jones rivers' passing. >>> breaking news right now in "the

in fact, gao has designated federal information security as a high-risk area in the federal government since 1997. and i think that there isn't anyone on this committee, or anyone in congress, or the public that doesn't think that more should be done. and in fact, that we embrace every potential positive, productive recommendation moving forward. so

we will step up and do what the federal government has failed to do.his is one reason why we are demanding from the federal government reimbursement from the expenditures that we have to pay up to secure the border. remember the last point, and that is secure communities promote economic development. this is a way of empowering the economy in south texas even more. >> please state your position regarding voter identification and explain that. >> i am in favor of voter identification loss. my office is the one representing the state of texas in this case. i favor it because of voter fraud is real. it must be stopped. i am the only candidate that stands for rooting out corruption in the voting process. i almost hesitate to bring this up, but you know that one of the challenges going on as we speak is the fact that the fbi is involved in an investigation about people in the rio grande valley for using cocaine to buy boats. we cannot accept or tolerate this kind of lack of integrity in the election process. the supreme court has ruled that voter identifica

are federal's are unable to exploit the breakthrough and he's driven back. the tactic gives grant hope. instead of using the name he used he decides to use 20,000 in that they pushed for the confederate through the confederate lines but again the attack is not supported and the federal's are driven back. that's a salt becomes the sort of unofficial tactic in the attacking the offensive tactics during the campaign for the army of the potomac. and on june 1 when the first takes place upton is on the field and he had had time to refine the tactic that he implemented at spotsylvania and he did do decides to form them into two lines that will hit the confederate position and that's the first line is successful, the second line will move up and exploit the bridge in the first line is stymied in front of the confederate group works they will push one at a time to the gap in order to allow the federal's to move up and over the confederate works. so june 1. they tied to the failure of the assault takes place on june june 301864. grand plan for the assault to take pla

this has been a change from the federal reserve meeting. what is sticking out at you? >> i want to stick to what i talked about when i talked about the considerable time thing being up in the air. the fed is in the process of going to a new guidance regime. we are short on what was going to happen with quantitative easing and that looks like it is about to play out. how they guide us and what the language is which is now uncertain. i thought i heard the suggestion that doves are fighting a weird guard action here essentially giving up everything they can without giving up the rate guidance here, putting out policy normalization, upgrading the economy to the extent they can. is that your sense of it? >> absolutely. i think the point is it is dominated by doves but they are essentially academics or at least realists. as the numbers prove they need to normalize policy they are gradually drifting in that direction. >> we will leave it there for the moment. >> the two descents and the great question of what happened to loretta mester and whether or not yellen would be willi

e can both agree, it's not a federal mandate. but there was a federal role. some conservatives, any role disqualifies it. i don't love there was a federal role. i'm concerned about accountability and better outcomes. so i'm willing to take -- look and say, s and cons look, on the whole, what this means is our schools are aiming higher standards than they have before in almost every state. and i'm hopeful that's going to learning more and many more kids ready for what's going to come next with college or career. a supporter of common core, how concerned are you about polling numbers on common gallup poll on this, do you favor or oppose having teachers in your have common core state standards to guide what they teach? 60% 33% say they favored, saying they opposed. and as you have noted in some of our writing on this, those numbers are down from the years before. absolutely. it's concerning. not surprising there's been a to year negative campaign try to drive down the poll numbers of common core. it's political campaign, they attack ads, drive down the numbers.

federer never with a chance there. bill: the crowd trying to encourage federer. big mountain. john: cilic may have to send a no -- note of thanks to monfils. took something out of those legs. roger hasn't been able to deal with how quick things have come to him. he's got to hope that cilic just completely tightens up when he tries to serve this out. >> fault. john: unlike monfils, who had a couple of match points, that was on roger's serve. cilic is going to be able to serve for it this next game. and roger federer has -- he's broken one time. bill: love game from federer. 12th ace and we'll be back to the u.s. open in just a moment. tt4wútfoúd4 r gm1l i50 tt4wútfoúd4 r iyq! (/< tt4wútfoúd4 r jmq! :óé tt4wútfoúd4 r ky1l áué tt4wútfoúd4 r lm1l 9o8 tt4wútfoúd4 r nyq! z+8 tt4wútfoúd4 r omq! á/x tt4wútfoúd4 r py1l égd tt4wútfoúd4 r qm1l ,c$ tt4wútfoúd4 r syq! o'$ tt4wútfoúd4 r tmq! é=@ tt4wútfoúd4 r uy1l l7@ tt4wútfoúd4 r vm1l íg tt4wútfoúd4 r xyq! ?], tt4wútfoúd4 r ymq! oyl tt4wútfoúd4 r zy1l ='l tt4wútfoúd4 r [m1l m#, tt4wútfoúd4 r ]yq! /-( tt4wútfoúd4 r ímq! =]h t

why is it that the federal government can regulate corporate speech in a particular way? when it is the states that have the power over incorporation. the second is that the federal government may or may not be something but they may not do on certain activities -- do uncertain activities. they cannot say that you can use highways that you have to waive your right against search and seizure. i brought a book called "bargain with the state" which has nauseating detail on all of these interpretations. asking people to suppress the right to speak because they have limited liability against contract and tort claims is crazy. a condition that is perfectly acceptable is that we are not holding you responsible for torts but we are going to require you to get insurance if you want to run this nuclear power plant. that would be an illustration on the other side. the third point to make is that this is just a question of whether you can stop speaking within 30 days or 90 days of an election, this is core political speech. the idea that you can block that because corporations do bad

these ersh ams allow us to minimize inappropriate use of federal funds. as we provide critical funding to state and local law enforcement agencies our research and development standards and testing programs managed by the national institute of justice enable us to employ state-of-the-art equipment and technology to aid in their work. much of the equipment and technology used in public safety is adapted from the military. a notable example is the police body armor which has saved the lives of more than 3,100 officers. our partnership with the department of defense and department of homeland security allows us to coordinate and make them available to public safety agencies. we accomplish by providing technicalxn/6=3t assistance to and local agencies through the= national law enforcement and corrections technology center. i wish to also add that through the police public contact survey our bureau of justice statistics collects data on citizen law enforcement interactions such as driver stops and request for assistance. we are working to improve our c we do d

e can both agree, it's not a federal mandate. but there was a federal role. for some conservatives, any role disqualifies it. i don't love there was a federal role. i'm concerned about accountability and better outcomes. so i'm willing to take -- look and say, s and cons look, on the whole, what this means is our schools are aiming higher standards than they have before in almost every state. and i'm hopeful that's going to learning more and many more kids ready for what's going to come next with college or career. a supporter of common core, how concerned are you about polling numbers on common gallup poll on this, do you favor or oppose having teachers in your have common core state standards to guide what they teach? 60% 33% say they favored, saying they opposed. and as you have noted in some of our writing on this, those numbers are down from the years before. absolutely. it's concerning. not surprising there's been a to year negative campaign try to drive down the poll numbers of common core. it's political campaign, they attack ads, drive down the numbe

anyway, back to federalization. so, i think the federal government has played a significant role in probably the last 10 to 14 years. >> the rest of my questions i'll submit for the record so we can move on in our time. >> senator johnson. >> thank you, madame chair. dr. kraska, in your testimony, what i have written down on my notes is equipment versdz procedures versus operations. how much of it is really about procedures responding to just the events in society versus the actual equipment? i mean, what is really -- what's causing what? >> great question. and, of course, difficult to answer. i do know that the militarization trend began as part of the drug war. it hasn't had anything to do with terrorism. it hasn't had anything to do with threats to national security. it's had everything to do with prosecuting the drug war. and that's when we saw the precipitous rise in not only the number of s.w.a.t. units but their amount of activity. that's when we saw departments doing 750 to 1,000 drug raids per year on peopl

yes, we have the federal law. who is enforcing those federal laws? it is not federal government officials. it is your neighbors enforcing these laws. ,ased upon local, political it is allationships, up to the local circumstances. let's look at some definitions of loyalty. everybody was expecting the liberty bond. it is a war savings bond. the government will pay you 4% interest. even today, that would be nice. [laughter] most everybody was supposed to buy a $50 bond. even the poorest person, you can buy it on increments, could afford to buy. they were trying to impress upon me the need to do this. some of the posters are more crass. some of them are really pulling at your heartstrings, texas one. -- you give their life are hitting money in return, right? to's say somebody goes down the bank and says, i want to invest $1000 into a liberty bond. does that mean the person as patriotic? good headust have a on his shoulders when it comes to investments. does not mean he is not patriotic. officially, it it represents patriotism. somebody is asking question

what can the federal government do?certainly continue to suppor supportunder undergraduate research. that's critical. offering early internships. juniors and sophomores. they consider that important for recruitment. this is hard for students to get a meaningful internship as freshman. also, studying stem for lower interest rates for student loans or loan forgiveness. there are ways to incentivize that. i tell student all the time, that education is grat great no matter what they want do. industry, graduate school, medical school, business school, politician, engineering is great. stem is great. and i applaud this committee at taking the leadership role in promoting stem education. thank you so much for giving me the opportunity to testify. >> you're welcome. i would like to thank all of the witnesses for their testimony and remind members of the committee that rules limit questioning to five minutes. the chair will open the round of questions. i recognize myself for five minutes. as co-sponsor of commuter science educat

speaker, due to onerous federal regulations and litigation, our federal forests have increasingly been shut down. mr. speaker, timber harvests have dropped by 80% in the last 30 years. we have seen catastrophic wildfires destroy our federal forests. we have seen loggers, millworkers and truck drivers put out of work and we have seen rural communities turn into ghost towns. s long past time for the senate to join with the house to provide better stewardship over our federal forest lands. it's disappointing and frankly unacceptable that a year later the senate is still sitting on the sidelines and meanwhile rural communities continue to suffer. this legislation requires responsible timber production n at least one half of federal forests not environmentally sensitive forest lands. by restoring active management, this bill would create over 200,000 direct and indirect jobs. it also maintains the historic sharing of timber receipts with local counties. which is essential giving the upcoming expiration of the secure rural schools program. instead of having to pay for wildfire suppression, t

the blue chip dow index finishes after a record after federal reserve chair janet yellin sticks to her clip and makes sure that the bank will keep interest rates in place for a while. >>> and profits considered a bellweather, earning a lot of money last quarter and could be a sign of things to come. >>> and down to the wire, the battle for independence in scotland and why the outcome could mean big changes for business. a report tonight, on "nightly business report" for wednesday, september 17th. >>> good evening, everybody, and welcome. it was as susie just mentioned another record-setting day on wall street with the dow and the dow transports finishing at fresh all-time highs. the reason? federal reserve policy makers decided today to keep interest rates right where they are near zero for what they call a quote, considerable time. now, that is the phrase some fed watchers thought would be dropped from its post-meeting communication. and the thinking was it would have opened the door to higher interest rates sooner. well, not so fast, said the fed chair janet yellin, the rate is not r

her remarks following a meeting of the federal >> good afternoon. the federal open market committee concluded its june meeting earlier today. let me underscore that our release of this information is not meant to convey any change in the stance of policy. views onow, the fomc policy are conveyed in the policy statement which i will now discuss before coming back to our normalization plans. as indicated in our policy statement, the fomc decided to make another reduction in the pace of the asset purchases. the economy is continuing to make progress toward the fomc objective of maximum sustainable employment. in the labor market, conditions have improved further in recent months. although the pace of job growth has slowed some recently, job gains have averaged more than 200 thousand per month over the past three months. the unemployment rate was 6.1% in august, lower than the data available at the time of the fo -- fomc meeting. 6roader utilization like the u measure have shown similar improvement in the labor market anticipation rate has flattened out

we can work with the federal government on funding issues so that we don't become dependent upon federal dollars but can take advantage of federal dollars in a way that makes sense for idaho people and economy the idaho state and the federal government ought to act in partnership. balukoff: the best if it -- best decisions. but some decisions that the present governor has taken on himself, and we need to recognize that and work with in that framework. i think partnership as mr. john bujak describes it is good. work together as partners serves the recognize that idaho has its proper role and the federal government has its proper role. and not in favor of taking over ownership of federal lands, but i am in favor of having a voice of how this gets managed. i think we should also to what i would send, work with our congressional delegation to help them pass the kind of laws under the purview of the federal government that can be of great benefit to the state of idaho. >> moderator: does partnership with the federal government involved medicare ? balukoff: i think it should. think we should e

h.r. 24, the federal reserve transparency act, directs the g.a.o. to conduct a full audit of the federal reserve. the dodd-frank legislation mandated a g.a.o. audit of the fed but that audit issued by the g.a.o. in july of 2011 focused solely on certain issues concerning emergency credit facilities. g.a.o. remains restricted under the current law for conducting a broader audit of the fed that includes, for instance, a review of the fed's monetary policy operations and its agreement with foreign governments and central banks. under this bill, the g.a.o. as the investigative arm of congress is allowed to conduct the audit that reviews all these transactions and is required to report such findings of the audit to congress. now while congress should not manage the details of monetary policy, it needs to be able to conduct oversight of the fed. the fed was created by congress to be a central bank independent of influence of the u.s. treasury. it was never intended to be a second treasury department. in recent year the fed's extraordinary intervention int

anyway, back to federalization. so, i think the federal government has played a significant role in probably the last 10 to 14 years. >> the rest of my questions i'll submit for the record so we can move on in our time. >> senator johnson. >> thank you, madame chair. dr. kraska, in your testimony, what i have written down on my notes is equipment versdz procedures versus operations. how much of it is really about procedures responding to just the events in society versus the actual equipment? i mean, what is really -- what's causing what? >> great question. and, of course, difficult to answer. i do know that the militarization trend began as part of the drug war. it hasn't had anything to do with terrorism. it hasn't had anything to do with threats to national security. it's had everything to do with prosecuting the drug war. and that's when we saw the precipitous rise in not only the number of s.w.a.t. units but their amount of activity. that's when we saw departments doing 750 to 1,000 drug raids per year on peopl

it was the enforcement by the federal government. think the federal government taking a really thorough look at policing practices, any patterns or plans that they have used that would indicate unfair treatment of some of their citizens, is just really important for catharsis in the community for them to begin to gain trust again in what is really an important part of our country and that is belief in the rule of law, that it's fair. >> you're a former prosecutor. you've worked with law enforcement for a lot of your career. when you think about the way that local police are going to respond to something like that, do you have empathy for their resistance, feeling defensive about having outsiders coming in and telling them that they're doing it wrong. how do you think it's going to be received locally? we've obviously seen overt signs from the local community that they're welcoming it. do you expect there will be some resistance? >> i do think there has been some lessons learned. if you look at ferguson adopting the body cams so quick

i am not here to talk about broad federal immigration policy because that is something for the federal officials to work out. i am simply here to explain to the federal officials that to their actions or inaction will affect places that are on a map in such a way that would never be considered to be affected by their decision-making, but they truly are. lynn has always had a thriving guatemalan community. a have a community as of couple years ago, 2400 people. when these students are coming in from guatemala and they are asked down at the jubilee center where they might know somebody, naturally, they are going to say we know people in a lynn but cuts there already is a sizable community. place for them to want to resettle. i just guess i am looking for a more -- whether that equity comes in the form of giving me a regional school so the students can be educated originally rather than the, a strain on my particular school system or whether it becomes a form of financial aid so a city like lynn and have more money to deal with the asue or whether it becomes question of having other surro

that, the changed federal government could outlaw slavery. i'm in favor of that. but the entire constitutional convention recently had to have a compromise over slavery. and one of the pieces of that was limited federal jurisdiction. in terms of how they did it. the irony is that slavery is gone but you have the structure that remains, that was really powerful. what it does is that it gives local state regulation over local matters and that's the federal government keep the network industries alive -- let the federal government keeps network industries alive. >> what is your view of citizens united? >> citizens united. in my view, a very easy case. scalia's opinion here is quite strong. "congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech" it is a perfectly general proposition under these circumstances. it is not identify who is the speaker. ,he question is corporations are artificial beings and is subjected to regulations. but there are two powerful things that you have to remember. the first is at the creation of the corporation is done by the state, not

the federals scored resounding victories at the creek. it added to his optimism. and that optimism the initial success on june 1 is probably what led grant to launch the assault today's later. he would he was famously writing his memoir i've always regret it if the last assault at cold harbor was ever made. at cold harbor no advantage was gained to calm the date the heavy loss that we sustained. the statement along with the casual estimates on june 3 continued to cast a pall over grant and many placed a number of union casualties on around 7,000 many even go one step further and say the 7,000 men fell in the first ten to 20 minutes of fighting. in reality however, we will probably never know how many federal infantrymen fell with morning. they suffered during both the june 1 into june 3 attacks. this number is much lower than some of the other more famous assaults of the war. they lost about 8,000 soldiers informed a stone wall on fredericksburg. robert e. lee would lose around 6,000 men respectively during the charge at gettysburg during the battle of franklin in

really much less care for state power and federalism. maybe justice kennedy is happy to watch this all play out in on the other hand maybe he's looking for an opportunity to clarify what he previously wrote. >> it is the case though is met that justice kennedy is the author of all three major decisions and likely it will be his legacy. it would be a little bit surprising if you would take a turn now when the polling numbers and the court in so much of the nation is moving in one direction or do you disagree? >> i'm not going to make any money betting on what justice kennedy is going to do that justice kennedy has written a lot in his career about federalism. he's written a lot in his career but individual liberty liberty. oftentimes it seems for him in rome as a means to the end of liberty. it's not quite clear how it's going to play out and i think he takes these two lines of justice kennedy's thoughts and pits one against the other. i think it's going to be fascinating. >> there's a recent poll showing support for same-sex marriage has

it can undermine or it can buttress the goals at the federal level. i think is really important that the reauthorization takes a strong stance in terms of messages about what the purpose of the federal financial aid program is. the purpose should be to make cost-effective investments that transform people's lives. what we know from research on merit aid as it does not accomplish that. that resources people who already have a look leg up and does not create a delta in their outlook. that is in fashion -- that is inefficient and not focused on their progress. we want to see where we can see the -- use the scarce resources to change lives. if you are to have limits on federal loans, we would limit those -- access to those loans for the most upper-middle-class loans but that's not what is being talked about. we're talking about institutions were the upper-middle-class people don't go to school having less access to loans. it is important for the federal government to take the lead in helping the states get their heads around this. they need to make cost-e

most expect the federal fund rate to move closer than its blogger run normal level. that committee's expectations of a pass of the federal funds rate are contingent on the economic outlook. if the economy proves to be stronger than anticipated by the committee resulting in the more rapid convergence of employment and inflation sent the fmoc objectives then increases in the federal funds rate are likely to occur sooner and to be more rapidly than currently envisioned. conversely if economic performance supports increases are likely to take place later and to be more gradual. policy normalization principles and plans. a statement is intended to provide information to the public about the eventual normalization project. it does not signal a change in the current or future stance of monetary policy as is always the case in setting policy, the fmoc will determine the timing and case of policy normalization so as to promote a statutory mandate of maximum employment and price stability. since the crisis the federal reserve has been providing extraordinary accommodation usin