that attack here in the first world war, the government completely embraces american mass entertainment, especially its techniques of getting the word out about the american if of world war i. so there's this very interesting government organization set up called committee on public information. george creel calls it in his basically functions, propaganda with the u.s. government, not just putting messages out about what the world sees about american involvement in the more, but also it becomes deeply involved in shaping those by censoring motion pictures. .. by the same token, the government is relying on film, product, a product of reflection , i math culture to get its message out overseas. so what you find by rule of for one is that american mass culture is not just developing, it has developed. it is part of parcel of american life, and part and parcel of top people overseas are understanding who we are. the globalization of american cultures, of course. and the issues, how should one think localization. should we think about the terms of its impact other cultures. should we think

take world war two number one take the first world war even and go all the way up to the history of almost continuous regional wars that the u.s. has played a medal in hand in since the beginning of the cold war so right up until the present with syria and that that is all justified internally under the name of american exceptionalism. human rights in bahrain and qatar drone killing civilians in yemen and women in saudi arabia is not exceptionalism they're simply exceptions. saudi arabia has nothing in common with the mock recy has nothing in common with human rights has nothing in common with equal rights especially for women they still can't drive and then when you hear about this latest case of a woman who was gang raped and then given two hundred lashes even though she was the victim there's something. fundamentally sick about that and us and this administration the obama administration hasn't said one word we can and must not and we will not obama is busy we don't have health care for everyone we have a national poverty rate of fifteen percent and we have more of our population in pri

take world war two number one take the first world war even and go all the way up to the history of almost continuous regional wars that the u.s. has played a medal in hand in since the beginning of the cold war so right up until the present with syria and that that is all justified internally under the name of american exceptionalism. human rights in bahrain and qatar drone killing civilians in yemen and women in saudi arabia not exceptionalism they're simply exceptions. saudi arabia has nothing in common with the mock recy has nothing in common with human rights has nothing in common with equal rights especially for women they still can't drive and then when you hear about this latest case of a woman who was gang raped and then given two hundred lashes even though she was the victim there's something. fundamentally sick about that and us and this administration the obama administration hasn't said one word we cannot and must not and we will not obama is busy we don't have health care for everyone we have a national poverty rate of fifteen percent and we have more of our population in pri

than the shots that triggered the first world war. prince ferdinand was assassinated by someone opposed to the monarchy. among the works rescued from the library, the librarian has discovered an original document from june 1914, the itinerary of prince ferdinand's visit. for the moment, the historic record, along with the rescued books and library staff will have to remain in their temporary quarters. >> culture always mirrors the country. our politicians need to understand that. if they do not accept how important culture is for the next generation and normal life, the state of our library will remain as bad as the state of our country. >> the moldering books of bosnia's national library, a sobering mirror image of bosnia- herzegovina 18 years after the end of the war. >> wildlife in europe has had a hard time of it the last two centuries. industrialization, urban development, and climate change are just some of the reasons why natural habitats have been disappearing. in the 1980's nature protection groups started emerging in many eu

the first world war has lost me my three sons. and i have been for about 15 years a wreck. and obviously not in a very good place, not wanting to communicate. and i need this john t journalist -- this gentil journalist. he wants to meet me and get to know me because he wants to promote his singers and his band. i very reluctantly talk to him. when he mentions the music, i invite him to tea. i live in a grandiose house in the country alone. he just moves in on me. he is a pushy guy. matthew is wonderful in this. he is very naughty, sexy kind of a young man and we become very good pals. but gradually, he brings me back to life. know a lot of people socially. i've known them for years to i've been to hollywood. i met the royals. i met many many social people. and i am encouraged by this group to get them off the ground a bit and i introduced them to people who can help them. -- so --ecorded and there are lots of different stories in this piece. it basically, it is about the way racism was very prevalent in --land in the upper classes considerably in the upper classes. mid-n th

this week we are learning about the last wishes of thousands of british soldiers killed in the first world war >> and thousands of wills are now moving from storage in the government warehouse online to the worldwide web. >> historian thought he knew everything about his great uncle who died fighting in world war i. >> frank, who is a corporal, he was never found. >> but he didn't know corporal frank hill had a will, a new british government website helped him discover the last written wishes. >> the actual moment when you are shown document which you know your dead relative handles, then you have to be pretty -- not to be moved by such a thing. >> before british troops went to the front lines, many wrote final words to loved ones and tuck them into their pockets. but hundreds and thousands of those letters were never delivered. >> each of these contain 200 wills, but never were sent because it revealed sensitive military plans from the battlefield. >> there may be additional information. >> like this one from soldier, joseph, who told his mother he may be moving to the front line at any momen

the biggest battle before the first world war. the battle of nations as it came to be called was remembered, watched by 30,000 spectators buying tickets of 15 euros each. it was a spectacle, a tourist attraction. sunday warriors held guns with long bay onthes which seemed more like a danger to hemselves than to the enemy. some church leaders had expressed their anxiety that a bloody slaughter would be remembered as a carnival. all the same, a big turning point in european history was marked. this was where napoleon tasted defeat. he retreated and was captured and imprisoned. but he escaped and had to be stopped again. two years later, at waterloo by the british. steven evans, bbc news, germany. app now, he was a man this went into the cold. 50 years ago, eric became the bbc's first resident moscow correspondent after the communist authorities will eased censorship. our current moscow correspondent looks back at the life and adventures of a cold war correspondent. >> this meeting of the central committee here in moscow -- >> it was

for some, it has a forgotten history, overshadowed by the horrors of the first world war. now, malaysia's court of appeal has ruled that christians cannot use the word allah to refer to their god, upholding a government ban. 60% of the population is muslim in malaysia. the judging panel says the term i love must be exclusive to islam or typical cause public disorder -- the term allah must be exclusive to islam. christians argue that they use the allah word which predates islam for centuries and said they will appeal the ruling. our reporter joins me from: alum for. -- kuala lumpur. this ruling, does refer simply to the newspaper which use used the word, catholic herald, are we talking about print or conversations generally? >> well, the case was brought forward by the catholic newspaper "the harold." herald." -- "the usage in daily life, it is quite tough to regulate and enforce. at the moment, the ruling is unprecedented. it will cover mainly printed publications. it is not clear whether the government is looking to confiscate existing copies out there, but certainly it w

. >>> reporter: it was only a year after the first world war that veterans began proudly marching throughwntown san jose and they have been doing it on veterans day without missing a beat ever since. >> 1919, when it first happened in washington, d.c. and then right away, we jumped into it. >> reporter: as president of the veterans council of santa clara county, ernie has organized san jose's veterans days parade for more than 40 years but this might be the city's last. >> it's a good chance it could be canceled. >> reporter: he says escalating police security costs and lack of interest from younger vets and the public at large are the reasons why. >> police department runs anywhere from $13,000 to $14,000. and it runs us close to $100,000 a year. so what i want to try to do, being an 88 years old, the younger generation aren't interested in parades. >> reporter: glave says the city used to support the parade financially but due to tight budgets not anymore so he is launching a save the parade effort and hopes to raise half a million dollars to keep it going for at least five more years.

and i'm personally banking on the history since the present boundaries were drawn during the first world war the british and french a sense of a dinner tea and a sense of some pride in being syrian is going to prevail and what it's what they negotiate is as they gather in geneva when they gather in geneva. have to keep in mind that. there's a possibility to rebuild that state but the future of independent mini states is is suspect and the problems of federation which are possible between autonomous units i suppose will be very difficult to develop ok hilary but i think it cried he added i hope there is a stronger sense of identity in syria but hilary if i can extend my analysis of partition one partition state whatever you want to call it will not be secular if you know what i mean it will be jihad this land or something like that which is really no one in the region needs that we have next jordan we have also lebanon i mean this is what i worry about because assad can pull up the bridges and say i'm going to sit pretty until you guys figure out your problem your arming them you're giving th

lot of these problems are because of the neo colonial project that was established after the first world war and intensified after the end of the cold the want you know now is it going to sweep by wasn't a good thing to argue about and then we go to jim come on come on go ahead jim. well unfortunately i didn't hear exactly what i was saying at the end there i mean my. my sense is that that there that well i should say first of all i mean israel has to kind of for its foreign policy strategic traditions and one is making peace with the arab world which was always the dream of the labor party and particularly of yitzhak rabin and the other was no you will never make peace with the arab world you have to arrange your alliances with the periphery and the periphery was iran and turkey most importantly and. that has been followed and tell the nine hundred ninety s. by the likud party and you'll recall that it was under a government that israel was supporting iran during the iran iraq war. and the notion that israel itself may make some strategic reassessments of its own i think is is not a fantast

world war. it's true he shows up in gibraltar, command name his first command, having never heard a shot fired in anger. he never committed even a platoon of the first world war and that he's a theater commander. he's got the entire allied force in the mediterranean. eisenhower has a number of things going for it. he's learned as he goes as do most of this american commanders. he's had a very big rain. he's extremely articulate. churchill and us something about worth the point says the chief of the imperial general staff, i'm not sure i trust agent wrote whose this glib. so he can speak and write very precisely. there's rarely any ambiguity about what it is that eisenhower once you do if you're a subordinate of his. instead of basic humanity to him that appeals not only to his immediate support is, but all through the rain. the average private, although he may not know eisenhower from pat, to bradley, might not know him to cease and has the sense that eisenhower cares about him personally in there's something to that. eisenhower was able to convey that he knows the way home and that's the soldier

war becomes a very different game when the other side also has machine guns. what happened in the first month of world war i was unparalleled in, certainly in european history, if not world history. the french in the first three weeks of the war suffered over a quarter million casualties. britain, which over the previous century had fought over 40 wars, mostly colonial but also including the crimean war and the boor war, over the previous hundred years the british lost less than 40,000 soldiers in combat. in the four years of world war i, they were losing 20 times that number. and the most amazing statistic i came across was that in just a two-year period between 1913 and 1915, so 1915 you're one year into the war, the life expectancy of a french male went from 50 years of age to 27. so this was the second perfect storm of stupidity that i was talking about which kind of led to the third. so in the face of such a absolute disaster for all parties concerned, it would seem reasonable that they would then set about trying to figure out a way out of the morass. this was such a different war than anyone wa

the fundamental point is these countries were artificial creations in the aftermath of the first world war. they are now falling apart. it is very hard to withdraw in the 21st century. i think the realities on the ground are the countries are falling apart and at some point the political map will follow. >> will get right back to that. i want to get abdelrahman dara suleiman's point of view. do you feel your country is the master of his own destiny? or there are too many other powers pulling strings? >> and not at all. iraq today is not a country. it is a shop. it is selling oil. >> it is not a country? >> and not more than that. it is not the owner of anything. there's no project. no planning. no control over the regional situation. especially the south of iraq is the zone of power for iran. other parts for other countries. >> peter galbraith is saying eventually the map will be redrawn. the current country, the borders inherited from colonial times, will not survive the current dynamics. do you agree with that? >> the balance of power can change at any moment. it all depends for example

>>> a new website is revealing the last wishes of thousands of british soldiers killed in the first world warhundreds of thousands of wills had been stored in the government warehouse until now. alfonzo van marsh reports for wjz. >> historian peter simpson thought he knew everything about his great uncle. >> frank was a corporal, his body was never found. >> he didn't know corporal frank hill had a will, levering everything to his father and sister in 1915. a new british government website helped him discover the last win wishes. >> the actual moment when you are shown documents which you know your dead relative handled got to be involved not to be moved by such a thing. >> before british troops went to the front lines many wrote final words to loved ones and tucked them into their pockets. hundreds of thousands of those letters were not delivered. >> each of the boxes contains about 200 wills. many of them were never sent because it revealed sensitive military plans. >> like this one from soldier joseph. he said do not lose heart, i may come back again. they scanned 278,000 of those letters

. >> it's an absurd device introduced in the first world war for obscure reasons.urd because if it's not lifted, it requires the president to break the law and the president has an oath of office to uphold the law, that is an absolutely criminal thing to do because the president is obliged to run the administration in such a way that spending obligations which are legal obligations, whether the tea party likes it or not, they're part of the law, that he does implement the spending obligations which congress and he have duly passed. if he hadnisn't allowed to do t and he would not be allowed if he couldn't borrow in certain circumstances and would default on something, i think the analysis is quite clear. this restrained potentially forces the president to break the law and that is also a situation that any law should do. >> i think the rest of the world has had a lesson in american civics. all kind of details of the american political system that people had no idea about they learned about. the debt ceiling does seem bizarre if a government or if a congress agrees

>> a new website is re vealing the last wishes of thousands of british soldiers killed in the first world warr wjz, hundreds of thousands of wills really stored in the government warehouse until now. >> historian peter simpson thought he knew everything about his great kun you knowing consolidate. >> frank was a corporal. his body was never found. >> he didn't know he had a will, leaving everything to his father and sister, alice, in 1915. a new british government website helped him discover corporal hill's last written wishes. >> the actual moment when you are shown a document which you know your dead relative handled then you got to be pretty disinvolved not to be moved by such a thing. >> before british troops went to the front line many wrote final words to loved ones. hundreds of thousands of those letters were never delivered. >> each of those boxes contains about 200 wills. many of them were never sent because it revealed sensitive military plans from the battlefield. >> like this one from a solar who told his mother he was moving to the front line. he said do not lose heart. i may com

and he did it just in time to assure germany's agricultural independence during the first world war when its supply lines to south america were cut. that same ammonia was used for making explosives. haber's contributions to mankind were not all positive. a strong patriot-- nothing wrong with that-- he devoted his intellect and energies during the war to the making of poison gases, to chemical warfare. and his life ended in a personal tragedy. in 1933, the nazis came to power with a weird baggage of ideology, including anti-semitism. overnight, the great german patriot and chemist, fritz haber, became "the jew" haber. he was forced to resign his post in berlin. he left the country. the next year he died of a heart attack. let's say it was a broken heart in exile abroad. captioning performed by the national captioning institute, inc. captions copyright 1989 educational film center and the university of maryland funding for this program was provided by... additional funding provided by the people of dow, the company that lets you do great things, the 8,000 scientists of the eastman kodak co

because remember the colleagues literally next-door in the office would be working on say, the first world war ever really serious on questions like the seven days for. there's never been anybody killed or injured in a cyber attack. so obvious when you talk about cyberwar as so many people are doing we're talking about a metaphor is in the war on drugs. i'm not trying to talk this down at all. war, military operations executed with a computer code that have real strategic effects from a tactical sense. the book i is trying to proffer framework to do things we're doing the real thing. >> okay. one of the obvious response is to that, simply by defining war in a particular way come in a particular way, a product of a century before. now just simply okay, so far no one has been killed, economic damage, political damage, isn't this will really what war is about? killing people is a way in which you assert your will. >> yes, indeed. absolutely, but i think we need to keep in mind whenever we use weapons and whenever we speak about the use of force, really the use of force in an international arena o

it was only a year after the first world war that veterans began proudly marching through downtown san jose and they have been doing it on veterans day without missing a beat ever since. >> 1919, when it first happened in washington, d.c. and then right away, we jumped into it. >> reporter: as president of the veterans council of santa clara county, ernie has organized san jose's veterans days parade for more than 40 years but this might be the city's last. >> it's a good chance it could be canceled. >> reporter: he says escalating police security costs and lack of interest from younger vets and the public at large are the reasons why. >> police department runs anywhere from $13,000 to $14,000. and it runs us close to $100,000 a year. so what i want to try to do, being an 88 years old, the younger generation aren't interested in parades. >> reporter: glave says the city used to support the parade financially but due to tight budgets not anymore so he is launching a save the parade effort and hopes to raise half a million dollars to keep it going for at least five more years. >> if they

examine that, as i show in the book there was a gradual movement toward american involvement in the first world war. he resisted as long as he could. the germans were torpedoing ships. there were then announcing it would go after neutral ships. americans would no longer say, we will try diplomatic means, memorandums and so forth. each one would be ignored. and finally even more than national honor was a stake here. something really has to be done. that was the moment wilson decided that we have to go to war. and, of course, we learned about the zimmermann telegram through which we learned that germany was conspiring with mexico to a invade the united states to get their territory back which is the moment that wilson began to seriously think about mobilizing the nation mentally, emotionally , and even in terms of honor. a few weeks after it was time. sometimes there was no way back. >> host: john from california, on the air. >> caller: thank you for taking my call. [inaudible question] .. trying to take away our takeover of the conservative movement. was it along those lines? >> guest: what you sugg

if you can recall japan was an ally of the united states in the first world war and attacked the uniteds in 1941. so is that to suggest it was wrong for the united states to collect information on the japanese military build up prior to the attack? of course not. so we are seeing a lot of people now that are behaving very much like that classic scene in the movie casa blanca and they announced that the cafe was being closed and when asked why he said it had come to his attention gambling was going on there at which point they walked up and gave the police inspector his winnings from the gambling tables so there is a lot of that going on right now. >> reporter: is there embarrassment among the administration? you talk about dianne feinstein being surprised she doesn't know or does this stretch to the american population as a whole with possible outrage morning the citizens about what the country is doing or they just don't care? >> i think the average american citizen expects the intelligence organization to collect information to provide for their security and their safety. there is an

arab world, basically going back to the lines that were drawn by the western powers after the first world war, creating entities that had never previously existed. >> by winston churchill and others. >> and others. and so i think it's going to take quite awhile and the outcome remains very much in doubt. we should i believe continue to press and support those who -- >> but you've got to be alarmed when you see the number of people coming in who have, you know, radical fundamental islamist points of view. and are disengaginging the relationship with the more moderates, you know, and being accused of committing atrocities that have been in effect, you know, that's been the indictment against the a saad regime. >> very much alarmed as should everyone in our country and the western world be right now. >> and russia too. >> right now, russia more than anywhere. right now there are 7 billion people on earth. one out of five is muslim, about 1.2 billion. when the population reaches between 9 and a half and 10 billion in the next 40 or 50 years, one out of three will be muslim. there will then be 30-