firstoff, i'd like to address my question to dr. herbener and dr. klein. today, even with our previous panel and this panel, we've heard a lot about the dual mandate. it seems like that's what we've spent most of our time on today. if you could, put that in prif. how crucial is that? how much difference would it make? i know you have a different opinion about the overall picture in the monetary system. if we are -- we're not on the verge of having a commodity standard and restraint on the authorities. but how crucial do you think this debate is and how much difference does it make whether it's a single or dual mandate? dr. herbener? >> i don't see too much evidence -- >> make sure i can hear you. >> i don't see too much evidence that in the performance of the fed, the concentration on one wing of the mandate or another has changed their actual performance. so the fed was in the 1980s concentrating on price stability more than the unemployment mandate, and yet they inflated te to the extent of creating the stock market bubble of '87 that burst and gave us t