even year to year movements in ichb flation, the volatility was much greater under the gold standard. there were other concerns also with the gold standard. now one of the things that a gold standard does is it creates a system of fixed exchange rates between the currencies of countries that are on the gold standard. so, for example, in 1900, the value of a dollar was about $20 per ounce of gold. at the same time, the british set their gold standard of saying roughly four pounds, four british pounds per ounce of gold. so $20 equals one ounce of gold. four pounds equals one ounce of gold. so $20 equals four pounds. so what that's saying is basically that a pound is $5. so essentially if both countries are on the gold standard, the ratio of prices between the two exchange rates is fixed. there's no variablity as we see today when the euro can go up and the euro can go down. now, again, some people would argue that's beneficial, but there is at least one problem which is that if there are shocks or changes in the money supply in one country, then perhaps even a bad set of policies, other