could you tell me the difference between foreign lobbyists and foreign spies? it seems to me they both have their own interests of their own countries in mind? isn't necessarily a legal definition. if foreign agent is trying to influence u.s. public policy or fara,ng -- in the case of the information is going from that foreign interest to the united states. they are trying to influence policy directly or public opinion directly. i wouldnage cases, assume the case would be they are here to get information and take that out of the country. host: this is a good time to ask, where do these foreign lobbyists work? do they work at pr firms, law offices? guest: there's a wide variety of registrants. pr and lobbying firms to differ nonprofits, media outlets, that type of thing. it can be different government entities. there's a wide variety of different people who are registered. host: let's go to alan calling from north carolina on the in . -- the independent line. caller: good morning. itas just on your website, only goes back to 2017 when president trump took over.

in foreign affairs. it is not that younger americans don't want to engage with the world so much as the way they want to engage the world has been changing over many decades. the story about exactly why and what it means is too long for me to say right now. i'm going to have will come up and get you into the next segment. [applause] thank you all for attending. it is nice to have a standing room crowd here. thank you to the chicago council on global affairs for partnering study.evor and me on the and thanks to c-span for covering this event so that my gen z kids can watch it at home. [applause] will: my main points are related to the obligations of our findings for policy and politics. in particular i would like to spend time discussing what i think the study means for the direction of our foreign policy ahead, especially at a moment in which more and more foreign policy assumes are up for grabs and more and more people are challenging status, especially that approach to the world dominated by u.s. forei

foreign language ] [ speaking foreign language ] >> ms.nce. and first sergeant hernandez of the fifth marine regiment in the name of the shearer family. >> the final wreath will be laid by secretary william mats, host of today's event and secretary of the american battle monuments commission, escorted by members of the cemetery staff in the name of the american battle monuments commission. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ [ speaking foreign language ] >> ladies and gentlemen, please stand for rifle volleys, "taps," and the three national anthems. [ speaking foreign language ] [ rifle volleys ] ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> ladies and gentlemen, please join me in a moment of silence. >> thank you. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ what so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? ♪ ♪ whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight ♪ ♪ o'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming? ♪ ♪ and the rockets' red glare the bombs bursting in air ♪ ♪ gave proof through the night that our flag was still there ♪ ♪ oh, say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave ♪ ♪

come can assert themselves as foreign as they voted on only in foreign affairs if we can for certain until we can show independence you know of course you would have to consult with there but it's tradition because like army has got the stakes and there they have to have a role in it there's no doubt about it but still brown as the leader of the country as the prime minister. will have to be as well for god a liberal and not any other prime minister because a valid but last time foreign policy foreign office had some glorious m. independence and was not dependent on and. as it does now. very much how do you think he's going to handle all of this i mean he won because he appealed to the young people he also did change and probably had a politics dominated by these two dynasties dinosaurs of pakistani politics so is that wave of change as is sweeping around the world really but there is the realities and the challenges so how is he going to combine both of them. because correct me if i'm wrong but you do get a feeling that he got elected specifically for his domestic agenda tackling co

you know i should leave you know was a very clever person he did not have a foreign minister of foreign of a whore an obvious because he knew that he does not have a foreign policy he can't control our foreign policy he did it is controlled by someone else then the foreign office so you know you can from around come can assert themselves as foreigners they voted for. only in foreign affairs if we can decide and then we can show independence of course he would have to consult with there but it's a question because like army has got the stakes and they are they have to have a role in that there's no doubt about it but it's still brown as the leader of the country as the prime minister. will have to be as an forgot a liberal and not any other prime minister because of the valley but last time foreign policy foreign office had some glorious m. independence and was not dependent on and. as it does now. very much how do you think he's going to handle all of this i mean he won because he appealed to the young people he offered change and probably you had a politics dominated by these two dynas

ministers coming here to talk with foreign minister lavrov we've had the turkish foreign minister the saudi foreign minister and earlier on the syrian foreign minister all of them putting their case essentially. moscow it seems has decided that there will be some sort of military assault on it it's just a question of when that will be and how severe it will be the turkish foreign minister was very clear when he came here that turkey wanted more time to be given to a process of trying to separate the groups like. from the civilian population that's something that that moscow is open to as well the turkish say that they already have three million refugees inside their borders and an assault full bore assault on it could well create a new way for a new surge a humanitarian crisis that would push more refugees and to turkey destabilizing it even further it's going through a rocky patch right now. moscow is saying that it is open to say the request from under mr a from the united nations of setting up humanitarian corridors but the belief i think is growing from anyone who's been watching

foreign policy. culture of a rich many new americans, immigrant been part that have of our tapestry for many ituations and that gives us capacity to be engaged in the global stage in a meaningful way. so, i'm not sure if there are other observations that you have process, search stephanie. > i'm thinking even back to the group think we inherently ave group think when we stay within our own sector and not but being r people able to participate in training outside your sector whether rights or public policy, whether it is environmental justice because they have been to raise money like nobody's business to support environmental work in this country. so, i think that being able to step outside of our own sector out how others do things. talked about there was a study by mckenzie and 2015 that when we diversity and inclusion it is the right thing and it is profitable. you have a gender specific policy in place it make sure or peopleyoung people f color are equitably represented in organizations and compa

each of you was instrumental in passing the foreign investment risk review modernization act, which was included in the national defense organization act that i signed into law earlier this month. this will enhance our ability to protect cutting age -- cutting-edge american technology and intellectual property vital to our national security. we have been reading that intellectual property and all sorts of different things of that nature are being stolen from us by other countries, and it is going to be very hard for them to do that. we have put a lot of safeguards in and are doing a lot of things against foreign acquisition of property, and especially when they are near sensitive military installations. this is a very big, important deal. the people in this room are the people that were most instrumental in wanting it and getting it passed. because of our incredible achievements, other nations seek to copy or control american election will property, and we have very -- intellectual property, and we have very little safeguards. we had noses, safeguards, and now we probably have the best

represent foreigners. inauguration for the pro russian ukrainian oligarchs. cnn reported in the past that mueller stopped russian oligarchs on planes to ask about money going to the trump investigation. >> you begin to see a pattern here where you have foreign countries trying to funnel money into the united states. we have this case here with foreign money going into the trump inaugural committee. we also have russian money flowing into the nra. and the nra still has not explained what they did with the russian money. i think it's really porn to understand how much money flowed into the united states illegally through foreign countries. that's why we need to change and congress to have hearings in the important subjects. >> what do you make of rudy giuliani's efforts to discredit robert mueller with his own report, a rebuttal or prebuttal. whatever he is doing. we are told he is representing preparing a report now. >> it would not surprise me for rudy giuliani to pri a rebuttal to the report. but to do it

america is seen as having moved away from traditional foreign policy. it is not clear what we have moved toward. exactly how america first will play out in lots of ways but clearly if we are first, where does that leave others? it is a really unfortunate tagline. in the rest of the world has -- and the rest of the world is come to the conclusion that we are not reliable and not the -- not dependable. that will lead to basically one of two things. one will be -- already seen both and we are going to see both in the future. one will be that others instead of relying on us will rely on themselves. some will say that's fine, a world of self-reliance. that could lead to far more proliferation, capability, and centers of decision-making. but i think we are moving to that in part. a lot of governments and a lot of governments are countries will begin to reduce exit put in the american security basket and put more in their own. a will basically encourage world in which more powers distributed more than ever before. is some willend that they will decide to look

foreign-policy. more specifically speakers provided recommendations aimed at improving workforce diversity, inclusion and equity in the foreign policy sector. alex johnson moderates the event. >> good afternoon. let's get this level appropriate. welcome to building the bridge for inclusive foreign policy in a civil society, leading by example. follow on social media using the hashtag, #inclusiveforeignpolicy. we are live for the next hour on c-span, so we are on the record and streaming. this is brought to you by the open society policy center, the open society foundation in partnership with vested strategies and truman center for national security and national security project. my name is alex johnson, and i'm the senior policy advisor for europe and eurasia in the open society policy. we partnered with vested strategies to develop this insightful report we are launching because inclusive foreign policy is a matter of strategic capability. unfortunately, that capability has remained underutilized in

the senate foreign relations hearing is just under an hour. >> the foreign relations committee will come to order. today we will consider the nomination of ambassador david had to serve our country on -- as secretary of state. thank you for your service to our country for many years. he currently serves as our ambassador to pakistan and has previously served in that capacity in lebanon and georgia. he is a grand member of the foreign service and brings with him over three decades of experience of -- as a career foreign service officer. a majority spent in the middle east. beyond his general diplomatic and policy expertise for he is widely respected, he has extensive management experience. in manyerved capacities. the under secretary for political affairs is the number three person in the department after the -- secretary -- deputy secretary of state. this serves as an advisor to the secretary for all major personnel decisions, department policies and other agents of communication. in addition to those duties, the the bureaus all of in the department. as well as the bureau for internation

or for engagement of foreign affairs. it's not that younger americans don't want to engage with the world so much is the way they want to engage the world has been changing over many decades heard the story about exactly why and what it means is too long for me too say right now, i will have ed come up and he will catch you into the next piece. [applause] >> thank you all for attending. it's nice to have standing room crowd here. thank you to the chicago council on global affairs for partnering with trevor and me on the study and thanks for c-span for covering this event so my generation the kids can watch that home. in particular, i would like to spend time scuffing what i think the study means for the direction of our foreign policy ahead, especially at a moment in which more and more foreign policy questions are up for grabs, and more people are challenging the status quo, especially that approach the world which has dominated foreign policy since the end of the cold war. so, in 1991, the soviet union fell, ending the

america is seen as having moved away from its traditional foreign policy. it is not clear what we have moved toward. exactly how america first will play out. clearly if we are first, where does that leave others? i think it is a really unfortunate tagline. the rest of the world has come to the conclusion that we are not reliable and not dependable. that will mean basically one of two things. we have already seen both and we are going to see both in the future. will be that others when they feel they cannot rely on us will rely more on themselves. before anyone says, that's fine, a world of self-reliance. that is a world of far more proliferation, capability, and centers of decision-making. but i think we are moving to that. a lot of governments and countries are going to begin to reduce the numbers of eggs they put in the american security basket. and put more bag -- more eggs in their own. i think that will be one of the trends. we will encourage a world where power is more distributed. that will be a more difficult world to manage. the second trend we wil

on foreign investment. and for them to me it would to acquire the know-how of intellectual property that they need in order to get access to this cutting edge technology. i just want to express my appreciation to secretary mnuchin and secretary mattis, general, secretary ross and a your entire administration for the partnership, we could not have gotten this done without each of these people at the table, and certainly, the leadership of chairman crapo. on the senate side and also on the house side. this is a great accomplishment. now we need to make sure it is implemented. it is on the top of secretary mnuchin's list to make sure it operates as congress intended, in order to accomplish these goals. president trump: we want to have a big focus on russia. not enough focus is on china, and other countries, frankly, not just russia and china. probably individuals also. but, this goes a long way, and i appreciate very much, your words. you have done a great job, thank you very much. steve? secretary mnuchin: i

on foreign investment. so that requires a know-how on the intellectual property they need to gain a foothold in this country. i just want to express my appreciation to secretary mnuchin and secretary mattis, the attorney general secretary , ross, and your entire administration for your partnership. we could not have gotten is done without each of these people at the table, and certainly the leadership of chairman crapo on the senate side and chairman ensarling on the house side. this is a great accomplishment. now we need to make sure it is implemented. it is on the top of secretary mnuchin's list to make sure congress operates as intended to accomplish these goals. president trump: not enough focus has been on china. we want to have a big focus on russia. but not enough focus is on china, and other countries, frankly, not just russia and china. probably individuals also. this goes a long way, and i and appreciate it. you have done a great job. steve? secretary mnuchin: i appreciate the opportunity to work

you know this is come from the foreign minister himself like a lover of one of the deputy foreign ministers macabre gone off who said that basically yes he would consider the russian foreign ministry would consider these proposals made by stuff under mistura and russia was ready to discuss them the humanitarian corridors for peace said the damage for civilians needs to be minimized in the terrorists as he put it in should be prevented from using civilians as human shields i mean if you're reading the tea leaves of the moments and trying to work out whether there is going to be an assault on libya i think the question is not whether there will be one now it's moving into the territory of when it's going to be the suggestions coming out of the russian foreign ministry and the kremlin in the moments seemed to be suggesting that russia is going to be swinging behind its ally damascus some point very soon and giving at least their their consents and most probably their military support for assaults to take place we have heard from. the syrian foreign minister going into his meeting with lavrov s

what i would describe as an amoral foreign policy no. longer promoting human rights this is equal tave -- qualitatively different. you may think it's great many times or awful but i think the beginning of the conversation as to be -- has to be to recognize it were fer what are it is. it is qualitatively different. i'm more critical than i am supportive and my homes is that it's more of an aberration rather than the beginnings of an era or new trend. whatever else you think about donald trump, the other word i'd use beside radical is consequential. i believe he will be one of the most consequential presidents in american history. again, you have consequence with a plus, you can have it with a minus. but consequential in and of itself simply means this presidency is a major presidency. he will leave the country and the world, i believe, a different place, both of them. very different than how he found them and that's to me the measure of a cons querblet president and my concern is, again, that the consequences are more likely to be heavily

foreign policy. we have such a rich culture of many new americans, immigrant communities that have been part of our tapestry for many generations, and that gives us capacity to be engaged in the global stage in a meaningful way. so i'm not sure if there are other observations that you have in your research process, stephanie. yeah, i am just thinking even, and back to the groupthink. we inherently have group think when we stay within our own sector and not just younger people but being able to participate in training outside your sector whether civil rights or public policy, whether it is environmental justice, because they have been able to raise money like nobody's business to support environmental work in this country. so i think that being able to step outside of our own sector boxes to figure out how others do things. one thing we talked about there therethe report is was a study by mckenzie and company in 2015 that when we talk about diversity and inclusion it is the right thing and it is profi

foreign gain.y how this proposal would work, legislation was passed in 2013 to allow it to go ahead. though, with so much political instability, that might be subject to change. honduras is a very polarised society. lots of grievances and lots of protests. and i wonder if this initiative isn't going to make things worse. having your own laws and your ownjudges is a big part of having a country, it's a big part of nationhood, and i'm not surprised at all that it has become a politically sensitive issue, a politically hot issue. the loudest opposition voice is salvador nasralla, the tv star turned presidential candidate. he's clearly got a lot of support and represents a big part of the country, who question the viability of these model cities. according to the world bank, honduras is already the most unequal country in latin america. many people here just see politicians as corrupt businessmen. i want the government to talk to me and have the opportunity to address these concerns. but days go by, an

each of you was instrumental in foreign investment act. this new authority will enhance our ability to protect cutting edge and intellectual property. we have all been reading that intellectual property and also sorts of different things of that nature being stolen from us by other countries. we are putting a lot of safeguards in and doing a lot of things against foreign acquisition of property. especially where they are near sensitive military installations. the people that were in this room were most instrumental. because of our incredible achievements other nations seek to steal, copy, or control intellectual property. in many cases i would say no safeguards. we will see if that's good enough. and we will keep adding on to it. the new legislation provides a committee on foreign investment and the united states. if we see something we don't like, some country is buying something we don't want them to be buying. especially companies that are quite complex. we will protect america's groundrules jewels of intellectual property and advanced

and the head of the foreign the foreign affairs committee there in the parliament in kiev said the wedding is a private thing however it goes without saying if you invite amir putin to your wedding you're not neutral anymore from now on austria can't be a mediator in ukraine period and of course she mentions the bust in courts of course and he being the chancellor of austria so you know it's not exactly the best sort of publicity we'll say you want from your wedding and the criticism that they've been getting in particular and by the way i'm talking to the foreign minister on the austrian government you said questions abound one of which could austria potentially being what took him after this well i mean from what we're seeing you know the criticism is coming in thick and fast and you know it is the weekend too you know so monday is just around the corner and we'll see whether there will be more reaction but it seems like austria is it doesn't look good for austria particularly if there are you know at the end of the day the policy of the european union towards what's happening in ukraine

foreign policy. we have such a rich culture of many new americans, immigrant communities that have been a part of our tapestry for many generations. that gives us capacity to be engaged in the global stage in a meaningful and impactful way. if there are other observations that you had throughout your research process. --phanie: i am just thinking back to the group think, we inherently had them do that within our sector of work. not even just for younger people, but being able to purchase a paid in trainings outside of your sect or, whether civil rights training, public policy training, environmental justice training because they have been able to raise money like nobody's business to support environmental work in this country. i think just being able to step outside of our own sect or boxes -- sector boxes. one of the things we talk about was that there was a study done by mckinsey and company in 2015 that highlighted the at, what we talk about diversity inclusion, although it is the right thing to d

participation in foreign military operations comports with basic humanitarian laws. notwithstanding the question of whether the president is going to comply with the provisions of the national defense authorization act. that's already the law. the saudis are going to the undertake a investigation which i think we understand what the end result will be, a vindication of the saudis. but in order to comply with our own statutes, we need to be investigating as well, and there's no sign as far as i can tell that we are undergoing a comprehensive investigation of this atrocity or the many others that have been committed this year. we've had a number of civilian targets hit potentially this year with bombs paid for by the united states. a bombing campaign supported by the united states. how important is it that the united states do our own investigation? somewhat do you know about the scope of any investigation that we may be contemplating on the school bus bombing but, writ large, on a bombing campaign that seems to be getting worse, not better? at some point we have to be

don't regard uganda strategic so there can be a moral element to their foreign policy and the ugandan economy is very vulnerable it's not us as a strong economy it needs foreign direct investment it is in a difficult neighborhood so i hope that the ugandan government will think very carefully on how it progresses at the moment because it is a vulnerable economy and if the economy deteriorates further that would in turn in packed on the politics even more it would exacerbate things even further for mr i'm a seventy so this is a really important watershed moment for the country i think and its future political trajectory well i think your other guests as well on the show will do in agreement turn their unfortunate we have to leave i'd like to thank all of my guests joseph sheena rose bowl quite a body and an experience for joining me on this edition of inside story and thank you for watching you can see the program again only told by visiting our website at al-jazeera dot com and for further discussion go to our facebook page that's at facebook dot com forward slash al-jazeera inside st

policy front because i like to believe that we did humongous on the foreign on directing the foreign policy we called it the region. pivotal pakistan because we believe we don't need to have a great relationship with london or with washington d.c. but a great relationship with delhi after thirty five years no military government or civilian government in pakistan had the guts to normalize trade with india and we were told as a policy that we will not solve the problem could be solved should we change that do not underestimate the importance of that we can either effigies a bond for heaven the bar is not high on effigy burning and pa not be. there might be correct just to deal with the so-called war on terror following last year's pretty horrific attack on the school and push over in which the pakistani taliban the t.t.p. killed one hundred thirty two children the prime minister nawaz sharif said that pakistan would no longer differentiate between good taliban those who fight for pakistan's interests abroad and bad taliban those attacking pakistan home isn't that basically an admissio

and she's the head of the foreign affairs committee there. as she said the wedding is a private thing however it goes without saying if you invited a lot of mere putin to your wedding you're not neutral anymore from now on austria come to be a mediator in ukraine no that is you know there are quite strong words there from ukraine and from kiev of course like you mentioned before the austrian government says well the foreign ministry spokesman has committed saying that this was a private event and it doesn't change. position with regards to its foreign policy so public could austria essentially land itself in trouble with the e.u. because of this well it doesn't look particularly good for austria to say the least i mean if you're hearing these comments in particular from built of course you know he of course is on the european council and you're hearing other voices not only abroad but also within austria and you know it doesn't look good for austria i mean particularly if you've got a lack of trust now in ukraine from politicians there over h

we have our security corporation offices, foreign service officers and foreign commercial service andcongress department. but it is definitely something that we will be looking at and hopefully issuing something as the process goes on. >> and then who wanted to tackle the next question? i am getting that is your. [laughter] she mentioned in remarks, the mtcr that we are trying to reinvigorate with respect to uab and have proposed something to her partners that we are working to try to gain acceptance that we hope will open up some market space for our, for the producers in the united states and also abroad but it is something that we are working towards this fall. i hope to have more later. >> just one quick piece on the advocacy point. one that we talk about strategic competitions as a larger geopolitical impetus. i think one of the tools that has been used as part of the competition is advocacy by our rivals, by our competitors. and when you look, would not say just by our competitors as well as friends and allies. have had very vigorously advocacy, high-level advocacy effort going

policy but our constitution says independent foreign policy meaning a foreign policy for us but in the past we've always said whatever the u.s. or the west that's right for what is your sense of your own people's desires do you think that kind of irene taishan is going to stand for longer than four years that he has it now my godfather was always telling me in the time that we had walkmans if you ask anyone do you want an i pod no one will say i want the night but because you didn't know what it is' you didn't know what i tunes to us so you know we're now discovering what the independent foreign policy is what it is to have mature friendship with the us what the hell in them that we want a mature relationship with russia we have a dispute with china but still we want the relationship with china and the rest of the world so it's too early to tell but i can say there's a lot of excitement there'll be a lot of benefits for the chinese people the filipino people the russian people we have a lot of chinese filipinos but when the former president went again to china they were just quiet so n

foreign policy. american foreign policy magazine. piece few weeks ago trying to answer this question that the united states takes many military action against iran and as that that i don't know and i think it's a collective notices is that u.s. military is going to have serious difficulties if they engage iran militarily iran's. reach and military ability is at a level that the cost of attacking iran is going to be very very big so you need on at least for the short media and. we don't have this out of this as the u.s. is going to attack you know military bigart to having a regional security outage and actually iran has been asking for that for a long time iran has argued that the countries of this region should be able to. provide for their own security does not think the united states or other countries from outside this region should be here providing security for countries that can do their own so this is an argument that. the problem we have with this issue of what they call them out of nato is that they actually countries like

chinese companies are also investing money in foreign countries like the u.s. they're helping to finance economic growth in north america. the u.s. is the world's biggest receiver of foreign capital and the country that's most in debt to china. money goes where there's money to be made. and without direct foreign investment the world economy would come to a standstill. inflation is set to top one million percent in venice way this year the government's issuing new bank notes slashing five zero zero off the beleaguered bolivia is uncertainty about whether that will work many venezuelans a stocking up in advance the government's also announced a minimum wage hike of three thousand percent most businesses won't be able to afford that the situation is desperate around one and a half million people have left the country and the stories we keep hearing are disturbing. my nephew was seven years older than my my sister was driving her car at me that day and the stop light and then came to my nephew's window and not that i thought window and pointed a gun to his head in

foreign policy he said the u.k. and ireland renegades thank critical eye on global finance. and welcome to crossfire we're all things considered i'm peter lavelle on this edition of crossfire we consider one question is donald trump america's first policy in contradiction to the washington consensus idea of american exceptionalism the answer this question will likely define presidency and change the world in the process. cross talking american exceptionalism i'm joined by my guest michael flanagan in washington he's president of flanagan consulting and a former congressman in charlotte so we have david swanson he is the director of world beyond war dot org and in northwood we cross to introduce paul maher he is a professor of international politics at city university london all right gentlemen crossed the rules in effect that means you can jump in anytime you want i always appreciated let me go to david first because he's written a book on the topic titled curing exceptionalism ok we have about a year and a half of this presidency i'm getting a pretty good idea what america

the idea is to create special zones, new cities, with foreign laws and foreign judges. that work, and what are the implications for the country? isn't that giving up a little bit of your sovereignty? the plan is inspired by the financial success of places like hong kong and macau, who tailored their financial rule books to foreign business interests. but what would that look like here? the honduran government would invite foreign investors in, giving them the leading role in managing these areas. schools, hospitals, malls — everything would likely be built from scratch. mark klugmann is an american who has lived in honduras for more than a decade. a former speech writer for ronald reagan, he is a key advocate of the proposal and has been an adviser to the government on how to bring it to life. he invited me to the unconventional little school he runs with his wife in the capital, tegucigalpa. there's a contract. all the students here have all signed this contract. there's a concept of self—governance. uh-huh. 15 points on the contract. that's right, that's right. the st

foreign policy had not been his main concern during the campaign. carter had supported many of the policies of detente. although he placed more emphasis on the importance of human rights than did gerald ford or richard nixon. he didn't believe the two were income patable. carter believed in latin america and africa, if united states was more serious about human rights the appeal of communism would diminish. in many respects it was easier for con seservatives in both parties to attack jimmy carter than to go after ford or nixon. both who had pretty impeccable conservative credentials. the sense of urgency was even greater since they felt that the future of their party was at stake. during carter's first few months conservatives were a little quiet about saying much about the administration's foreign policy as they try to figure out what he would be about. the president also the columbia professor who was sympathetic to neo arguments. the fact he was vi advising the president. they complain that carter's concern with human rights and new policies in k

foreign policy in the 1970s. following the vietnam war, american presidents richard nixon to jimmy carter favorite and easing of relations called ditente with the soviet union and communist china. the rising conservative movement, professor zelizer explains, pushed for a more hawkish approach to communism. and ultimately found a champion in ronald reagan. president reagan challenged the centrist policies of republican incumbent gerald ford in the 1970s presidential campaign, and he won the presidency in 1980 on a pro defense, anti- communist platform. this is about 50 minutes. to >>> that was david always classic song, heroes, released in 1977. with features two young lovers who meet at the berlin wall. a wall that separated east and west germany, and it came to symbolize the division of the cold war. we have now looked at -- and government that has been a central part of post-world war ii america, that resulted in the war in vietnam, and from the shocking scandal of watergate. and, we have also looked at the ero

foreign influence of the foreign task force we are spending so much effort to engage with the socialmedia technology companies. there is a very important role for them to play in terms of monitoring and in effect policing their own platform. we have to have happen started happening in a way that is much more robust, much more robust than before the 2016 election, we are sharing with them actionable intelligence in a way that wasn't happening before. we understand better what they need. they are sharing information back with us and based on what they can find. there are things they can do voluntarily with the terms of use and things like that that the government doesn't have a role in. but in turn we learn things from them and we can use it to have our investigation be more effective. so i think the progress is being made. keep getting better and stay on the balls of our feet. that is what we are seeing. >> ambassador bolton, in your letter you talk about the order closure of the consulate in san francisco and seattle. to tech hubs. what happened there that led you to that? >> i'm not

the kinds of foreign-policy issues the u.s. government is going to face in 2025, adam mentioned the report on artificial intelligence and the future of public diplomacy. these challenges will get so much more difficult, and the u.s. government has to move quickly and robustly to address threats in real time. my concern about the bureaucracy, having seen how slow we have been to adaptive threats in our face, how will we use these institutions and move quickly to address threats as they become more nimble, smaller, isolated, targeted, which i think is o unfortunately the future of the public diplomacy apparatus. a couple more stories, taking it to the structural level. i think one of the challenges the state department has is how complex it is, how much work it does, how complex its operations are both for members of congress and the american public to understand. about one year ago, i asked, the commission does four quarterly meetings a year. these are open to the public, intended to help people understand the value of public di

there are few foreigners so saxony has a share of only four percent that is very low compared to some twelve percent in say in the west but then also candidates for example has a slightly higher share and you hear those statements also in areas where people just don't meet the native population if you will the germans don't really get to know those foreigners because they can't find jobs they're not allowed to work etc which is also why the national government government is working on an immigration bill that should make it easier for people to find jobs who know the onus is now on politicians and the regional leader the state premier michel he's holding something of a town hall in a football stadium today and he's going to have to have his work cut out for him isn't he's going to have to deal with all of these different opinions well that event was planned a long time ago is an event part of the citizens dialogue as they call it the c.d.u. is a member of a. conservative party the c.d.u. they lost tremendously in last year's general election new specially in saxon. going out to talk t

well in an exclusive interview with al jazeera iran's foreign minister says the u.s. has proven not to be trustworthy mohamed job says trump's decision to pull out of the twenty fifty nuclear deal has further strain ties between washington and tehran . we have no problem with dialogue but if mr trump really serious about talks if he is serious about talks without preconditions well the secretary of state put some conditions for talks two hours after trump's comments impossible conditions the first question is if they themselves have reached an agreement inside the u.s. about talks with or without preconditions our policies in the region are totally clear it's the u.s. he needs to be accountable for policies in the region saying bradley has more from terror on. it has to be said there's nothing necessarily new in what the supreme leader of iran has said today but every time he speaks on any given issue with lends a certain amount of religious weight to the issue that he is discussing and so if you follow the arc of that logic now it is the law of the land of to not neg

ministers coming here to talk with foreign minister lavrov we've had the turkish foreign minister the saudi foreign minister and earlier on the syrian foreign minister all of them putting their case essentially. moscow it seems has decided that there will be some sort of military assault on it it's just a question of when that will be and how severe it will be the turkish foreign minister was very clear when he came here that turkey wanted more time to be given to a process of trying to separate the groups like al nusra from the civilian population that's something that that moscow is open to as well the turkish say that they already have three million refugees inside their borders and an assault full bore assault on ad lib could well create a new wave for a new surge a humanitarian crisis that would push more refugees and to turkey destabilizing it even further it's going through a rocky patch right now. moscow is saying that it is open to say the request from under mr a from the united nations of setting up humanitarian corridors but the belief i think is is growing from anyone who'