to pick on france, when you point to france, you have to say that it was a disaster. it was an absolute disaster. and the guy that was the chief bloodhound for the nazis, the one who tracked down most of our soe agents was hans kiefer, a .ood colleague of knock and the sky live next s.or to the jackson' he is still alive. incredibly, he is part of the french team that first climbed in a tuna in 1950. the british managed to summit mountain- the highest thishad been conquered was one. in 1943, he knocked on the front door at number 11 and said i belong to the french resistance. i have something to ask you. would you be prepared to use your house as a meeting place and a dropbox for my resistance group? he told me that his wife, who by this time was 54 years old, didn't hesitate for a second. she said yes to you can use our home as a meeting place for resistance agents. the decision to join the resistance was a very serious one obviously. she had a husband, sumner jackson, and a 15-year-old son, phil jackson. avenue foche as a place where the resistance can meet, she was

he would run the ss in france. an ssance would become state, a racially pure place where the gestapo and the more fanatical followers would make sure they could get what they want done is done. and they would assassinate and murder anyone they need to to get what they want, which is namely destroying the french resistance. the french today would argue -- and they are right, i believe -- that the two of them are responsible for the mass murder of over 80,000 french civilians who were jewish and around 80,000 resistance french civilians who dared to defy them. july 1943, joe manos was shot down over paris. i interviewed him four years ago. this is a report he made when he got back to england. over 3000 americans completed what were called home runs. one of the most incredible beats any american managed in world war ii. the home run meant, if you are shot down over northern europe, and in joe's case, if you manage through connections to the them, andenees, climb get back to england, joe manos went back to the same pub

host: france has one very stellar student.s been very active on social media since he got up to the international space station. guest: he has been posting about a photo a day on twitter, documented his life. he sent a nice one of the nile lit up at night. there's a photo of him ar repairing the toilet oxxxxxxxxxm o'leary: fststly, e whwholidea of declawing i needed comome gripspsith. i asas notwarere odeclawawg s a medical procedure, alhough i sumed th vets have, nber one, the owowledganand abityy and technology

thank you for joining us here on "france 24." whatat did you make of francois hollande's announcement? >> in many ways shocking, in many ways unsurprising. you like to hear from francois hollande before the socialist primaries, and equal acrcross france. different political parties will take this in quite a happy way. they will be quite celebratotor there will be those who elected francois hollande on a platform of changee and have failed to see any y change whatsoever. for the socialists, a very posisitive mood. it is not particularlrly surprising that nevertheless, it is stitill a quite shocking sleant in this build-up to the 2017 presidential elections. >> you mentioned it is a positive move for the socialist party, but wouldn't some say this is a sign that the socialists are perhaps accepting failure? this is the first time e a sitting french president isn't seeking re-election? >> i think francois s hollande has done the socialiststs and france a favor. had he tried to stand in next year's election, you would have seen socia

thanks for being with us on "france 24."france has slipped to places down the rankings in the last four years. do you have any idea why that might be? >> it has been difficult to draw strong conclusions about changes in rankings. there is a lot of measurement error. if you change your ranking one or two positions, it is often not significant. what it shows clearly is that the ranking of france is very average. it hasn't changed much over time, contrary to other countries like germany, which has consistently improved. >> the french republican model is supposed to create equal opportunity for all in the state school system, but it turns out that if you are from a wealthy family and live in a wealthy area, you will do much better at school and someone from a poor area. why is that still such a problem in a country that prides itself on solidarity? it's thes really where most interesting. incrediblethe educational inequality in this country. it's very tough in terms of educational inequality. several factors it lane that. -- hig

france's second largest city, the oldest city in france. it sits right by the mediterranean. it's a victim of bad reputation, bad history. marseille. as it turns out, exactly the kind of place i like. but this is a buddy picture, isn't it? eric ripert is the chef of the three-star la bernardin in new york. i think that means he's some kind of knight or something. and my friend. this causes him some problems. he, i like to remind him, has a reputation to protect. i do not. welcome to marseille. >> you've never been here? >> never. >> how is this even possible? you grew up how far from here? >> like, 50 miles. 100 miles. >> you grew up 100 miles from here. what prevented you from coming to this clearly beautiful city? because it's clearly beautiful. >> it's a fantastic city. it's beautiful. i agree with you. but it has the reputation of being a dangerous city. >> you live in new york. ♪ >> i should point out that every single frenchman, when i said i'm shooting in france, they say, "oh, really, where?" i say, "marseille." their face drops immediately, like, "oh." >> why's that?

he'll run it in france and france will become the state, racially pure place and get the most se matdone. they'll destroy the main position which was the front ÷ú position. over ton the right over here, nothing -- the french today would argue and they are right, i believe, that the two ofym th are responsible overu! 150 fren. around about 80,000, french civilians who decided to÷ú defy them. a guy of the b 17 waste gunner who shot down in zvparis. made when he got back to england.÷ú one of the most incredible feets that any american manage in i. get to spain and then get back to england. in fact, back to the same pub where he drunk before his crew before the mission was shutdown. for two weeks he was interrogated very severely and he resented it for the rest of his life. when he got back to england they spentko two weeks they quarantid and interviewed him because they thought he could be a civil agent. he may have been turned and then came back to become a spy. in this report that he made, he mentioned a doctor. he made his way to an escape line where he met and then in this report he

of france gets three years behind bars -- minister of france gets three years behind bars. he says he will appeal. eastern aleppo continues to crumble as the syrian regime plows through what once was a rebel stronghold and despite different -- desperate pleas for a humanitarian cease-fire, the chances of the truth are practically -- truce are practically nonexistent. in the wake of wednesday's earthquake in indonesia, more than 100 people were killed. coming up in business, trump's election, political turmoil in italy and lackluster growth. mario draghi has a lot on his mind. what will the ecb do to help the eurozone? and the city of leon shines once again with the festival of lights after being canceled last year in the terror attacks. first our top story live from paris. ♪ genie: syrian troops have taken over 80% of the area back from the rebels who had held it for almost five years. it's the people of aleppo who are suffering the most. 80,000 have fled the city. but in our regional -- let's bring in our regional correspondent in beirut. talk us through what the situation

he was older when he goes to france. he's in his 40s in language is not easily acquired at that time. , my favorite story of that time. isn't going to a chess club in paris and then getting beaten easily, handedly by people. he doesn't go back and we think that's interesting because my husband to play chess competitive civilly says the only way to get better is to play with people who are better than your. and it's an interesting thing that he did not, he loved to play chess but he did not want to do it. he didn't love it enough to get beat repeatedly. he's a very thin-skinned person. >> is very anxious. >> you identify with that. [laughter] i'm a white guy at heart. [laughter] when he is in france, look at its most remarkable to us i think beyond the initial culture shock and his need to create a little virginia at home. he needs the comfort zone. it is the danger he feels that works in french society to impressionable young people that he can barely resist the temp tatian some cell. so young people don't go to paris be

he was a descendent of the royalty of france. when he would go to london, we were on leave, he would ask to be with one of his friends, who was well-known in windsor palace, and we went to the railroad station, and they wanted to go to windsor castle. and the taxi driver said, okay, well, where do you really want to go?... >> no, windsor castle. >> of course the taxi driver was dumbfounded when jacques got out and the gate guard saluted him and they went on inside. that royal connection did not do us any good when we got inside france. one of the schools that we went to was a british jump school. the british got some c47s, which is a military version of the dc3 douglas air transport. the ones that the brits had to use, especially for these missions going deep into france or other parts of europe, they had to use bombers. we had to learn how to jump out of the bomb bay of a bomber. the parachutes were different. you really have to learn something about it. the british called our method of jumping, or landing, parachute landing fal

genie: christine lagarde is a big name in france. there is a third big name also linked into what is just another massive financial scandal at the heart of the government. chris: the financial scandal involving a lot of high-profile and long serving business figures here in france. lagarde, a former synchronized swimming champion who went on to become a corporate lawyer and finance minister in europe. he went on to make millions buying up field companies. back in the 1990's, he threw his weight behind france juan mitterrand, but by 2007 he was supporting nicolas sarkozy, the forwho just lost his bid the presidency again in 2017. a lot of speculation as to when .he payment was ushered through prosecutors say from the start there is no real case for madame lagarde. for that.nks that is chris moore, reporting from paris. now to the democratic republic of congo, where joseph kabila's mandate officially ends today. he has refused to hold an election to determine a successor. thomas reports now. thomas: it is very quiet today there is way

host: time for our business news on "france 24." hi stephen carroll. are starting with italy where time is running out for a rescue of the world's oldest bank. guest: shares have been suspended from trading after concerns about its supply of cash. the reserves of 11 billion euros only lasted four months. previously they said it would last 11. after pledging 16 percent in my land -- milan, montaigne dill pasci is having problems with funding. reinforcing the banks. host: volkswagen has agreed with another settlement over the omission scandal. guest: it is related to audi cars. the company has agreed to pay around $1 billion to compensate owners for having the software that gave false emission readings repairs. his spokeswoman for welcome volkswagen described as a step in making things right. they great too. two cars million affected by the scandal. host: the greek prime minister is holding off a scandal. guest: this is over a christmas bonus he is paying to pensioners. it was not approved by the european union. greece's creditors have frozen measures ea

in france, we have a different situation because capital is overtaxed in france. some people have 144 rates on their income. and also a can be extremely high. that has prevented growth did not give us more social mobility. you have less social mobility in france than neighboring countries. minimum wage is another thing you mentioned. i'm sure you need to raise it here. in france, the problem is the minimum wage has gone up faster than productivity. the problem is that, if you were to draw a curve or you have on the horizontal axis minimum wage and on the vertical axis social mobility, beyond a certain level of minimum wage, you discourage hirings. that reduces social mobility. you need other things. in france, we have the minimum income, you have other instruments to complete the minimum wage when it reaches a certain level. we could discuss those things, but you see -- i agree. you mention education, of course compared to sweden and canadians, there is very interesting work showing that the gap has gone up. unaffordable institutions has exacerbated the increasing

it is easy for a guy like anis amri to slip from germany into france and france to italy as apparently he did. miguel. >> the question now, chris, is how extensive is the network? was this a case of terrorism officials talk of the loser to lion trend. where a guy is just a loser. goes in to prison and latches on to the jihadi romantic narrative and on this brainwashed mission. how much help did he have in that? that is what we are trying to find out now. >> reporter: yes. cnn got a hold of nearly 350 pages of german intelligence papers that show he was implanted in a group led by abu allah. a hate preacher now in custody. that organization worked effectively in germany to recruit people and train them and hiking them for ten miles with backpacks. that is the training and influence that anis amri had in preparing for this attack. we heard he had said he wanted to be a suicide attacker. this was a guy and how many other anis amris could there be out there? >> the guy turned 24 years old yesterday and now dead today. now questions from authorities about how you prevent one of these guys f

france and england were in a defensive pact. great britain's destiny was linked with france.ster chamberlain of great britain, premier daladier of france met in munich, and because the democracies of europe were hungry for peace, removed the thorn from hitler's side. europe breathed a sigh of relief. --tler road into the sudent hitler road into sudetenland. his people were jubilant. they wanted peace. hitler rolled into the streets. here was the miracle man, they said. a man who conquered with words. this was a new kind of war, a delightful war. bands and flowers and parades. a smiling war. a lovely war. not a shot fired, not a man hurt, nor a woman, nor a child. war was a holiday. ♪ narrator: hitler told his people he was content. he wanted no more territory. he guaranteed the integrity of the mutilated czechoslovakia republic. thereupon, he caused to rest. and then marched into prague. the republic was destroyed. the democracies had lost a valuable ally. italy's reward was albania, again bloodless. slight resistance. now, europe realized the hunger of the aggressors could n

>> i'm pretty sure this would be in france, right, allison? >> yes. >> i would say the french train is coming in. you can see the french soldiers there lined up as honor guard. >> allison finklestein, how did this whole concept of the unknown soldier being honored come about? >> well, it really goes become to the beginning of the mechanization of warfare that you see expand during world war i. you get a lot more unidentifiable remains. of course you had a lot in the civil war. but people really were struggling with the fact that they could not figure out who many of these casualties were. so great britain and france in 1920 buried an unknown soldier in each of their countries. in great britain it was in westminster abbey. and in france it was under the arc de triomphe in paris. the u.s. decided to do something similar. the idea was started by representative hamilton fish of new york who submitted legislation to bury an unknown soldier in the u.s. i believe they're in france right now where the unknown soldiers were taken from four different ce

yes, this is a gift from france to the united states. but it is auguste bartholdi that wants to build a monument of democracy for the entire world. hold on to that thought. we are going to talk a lot more about auguste bartholdi and how he accomplished this when we get closer to the front of the statue. the third individual, and certainly the most famous, is gustave eiffel of the eiffel tower fame. several years prior to the construction of the eiffel tower, he designed the interior engineering for the statue of liberty. if you look up into the statue, you are going to see what looks like a mini eiffel tower. this serves as a framework and the framework has iron bars that reach out and connect to the skin. the skin is very thin. it is made of copper and it is two pennies put together. along the skin are armature bars . it is these bars that give the statue the flexibility that she needs. she can move and sway with the wind. she can expand or contract due to the heat or cold. all of the energy transfers from the armature bars through the

believe it or not, they are very excited about this in france. they are yearning for their own democracy. there is a gentleman who is fascinated with american politics. he is writing textbooks on american history. and he is a leader of this movement. he hosts a dinner in the summer of 1865 and he proposes an idea -- let us give the people of the united states a gift from us, the people of france to commemorate our friendship, to commemorate their democracy. luckily for him, there is a young sculptor at this dinner. he is already well-known in france for building large monuments but he is a dreamer. he wants to do something really, really big. something to be remembered for. he had been to egypt and had seen the pyramids and had done research on the colossus of rhodes, one of the seven wonders of the world. he was hired to do a similar project at the mouth of the suez canal but it never came to fruition but he already had an idea of a woman holding a torch torch representing enlightenment for the entire world. this was going to take some time. no

now the campaign mounted in theory as france crumbled. -- fury as france crumbled.was rouen. ♪ narrator: paris had been evacuating its children. there was talk of defending the city street by street. this plan was abandoned. from the beginning, the french, like the british, chide to spare children the sight and sound of war, but it was hard. ♪ narrator: on june 10, four days before france fell, mussolini entered the war. he had waited until that moment to make his decision. and now the nazis entered paris. this had been the dream of the kaiser in the last war. hitler achieved it. ♪ narrator: and the marginal line was still there. the nazis had merely outflanked it. now they tried direct attack, and the marginal line fell. narrator: the first world war had ended officially in this railroad car, where marshall had received the delegate of the vanquished germans. hitler commandeered the car for what he believed was the end of the second world war. the french army was no more. hitler was master of europe. it was surrender, for although it had rescued its men from dunkir

is -- >> meilleur ouvrier of france. >> the master craftsmen of france. >> there's about 30 disciplinen acquire the m.o.f. >> see that red, white and blue around their necks? that means they made it through the brutally, unreasonably rigorous competition that pits hundreds of top chefs against each other, where only a handful survive. >> so basically, four or five every four years. >> certified by the highest in the land as being at the very top of the top of their professions. m.o.f. challenges often include ultra old-school classics not unlike the one we're making today. pouillard au visse. slipped under the breasts of chickens from bresse, the rolls-royce of chickens. it's then tied, slipped inside a pig's bladder and steamed until tender. >> the idea is to concentrate the flavor of the truffle inside the bladder. the dish they choose, it's always in reference to a chef of the past. and this was a dish brassier as doing. >> the at times brutal world of the michelin kitchen looks much of the time like a boys' club. but where do they come from? if we track back a bit to where it all b

smoothly intowent france? john: our drop into france did go smoothly. it was a long trip. we were in a formation headed for germany, and our particular alert to execute any given place a false breakout, a breakdown of something. they would declare an emergency. they would then drop out of the formation, headed back toward england, and at a given point, they would turn south and go at a lower altitude below the german radar so that we would be unreported in our area when we got there. that is the way that it worked out. rob: you made contact easily with the resistance forces when he landed? -- when you landed? john: we had an interesting situation where the young farmers' sons were out on the field and helped take our a barnent, and took us to of a farmer nearby. it was a nice, fairly clean barn. when i went back 50 years later to a reunion, everything was exactly the same, except the farmer's daughter. aged, and was not nearly as attractive as i thought she was when we first got there. my first mushroom that ie with real eggs had had since i left from the states. allow egg

in france, we have a different situation because capital is overtaxed in france. some people have 144 rates on their income. and also a can be extremely high. that has prevented growth did not give us more social mobility. you have less social mobility in france than neighboring countries. minimum wage is another thing you mentioned. i'm sure you need to raise it here. in france, the problem is the minimum wage has gone up faster than productivity. the problem is that, if you were to draw a curve or you have on the horizontal axis minimum wage and on the vertical axis social mobility, beyond a certain level of minimum wage, you discourage hirings. that reduces social mobility. you need other things. in france, we have the minimum income, you have other instruments to complete the minimum wage when it reaches a certain level. we could discuss those things, but you see -- i agree. you mention education, of course compared to sweden and canadians, there is very interesting work showing that the gap has gone up. unaffordable tuitions has exacerbated the increasing wag

it became the sole of france because the battle took place there. battle did not take lays there because it was the soul of france. place battle did not take there because it was the sole of france. falcon chaim claims that in the text of the memorandum that he is supposed to have written. he says the french would defend suchlace because it had great importance. that alone makes the memorandum suspicious. germanswhen the attacked in france said that it had to be defended because it is so symbolic. it did not have that status in 1916. it has it today and it had it in 19 of an but it did not have it in 1916. certainly, things had happened, if you wanted to choose a symbolic, soulful spot on the western front to attack, he would have been far better to take the cathedral full of the ghosts of 30 anointed french kings. that was a far more symbolic spot. better the braver answer. i think that that was made up, too. [applause] >> to mark the 75th anniversary of the attack on pearl harbor, the national parks service and servicey will host a wednesday in ha

flo: it is not just in france that the left is in trouble. you can see that this paper is talking about a global phenomenon. social demography is at a critical juncture across the world. beaten byinton was donald trump in the u.s. you can see this cartoon here, depicting the left. -- you see mario renzi can see matteo renzi and hillary clinton on this fragile piece of ice floating in the middle east. these are the extreme animals to did as a public bear and a .ungry walrus here not a pretty picture for the left. genie: a lot of papers are focusing on the situation in eastern aleppo, with the syrian regime gaining ground in its offensive against the rebels. that's right, rebel groups who have vowed to fight until the last job of blood. you can see the headline. the rebels refused to leave east aleppo with a photo of the destruction in eastern aleppo. there is a good cartoon in a paper based in london, where you can see one of these rebel fighters fighting against the shower of mortars, trying to hold up this canon here. this canon actually spe

germany and france want to address the issue. they kicked off a joint initiative at a digital summit in berlin. reporter: digital cooperation in europe has been an astronomical success, at least if you look at airbus's martian rover. back on earth, the right is a bit rougher for the european high-tech industry. europe is in danger of falling behind. these 2 are well aware of the risks and challenges. today's franco-german conference on the digital economy was convened to discuss ways to regain the initiative. "the world will continue to industrialize. the question is, will be be e -- will we be part of that? i believe our r chances are goo, better than others." experts say national markets are too small and laws vary too much across europe. this makes it hard to compete globally, and a single eu regular tory structure is needed. "we want to see more coordination, common strategy, one that is supported by the politicians. no one is going to wait for us. in the coming month and we cannot afford to carry on with the small-scale deci

five gold medals, the first briton to ever win the tour de france. win three 0lympic medals at the same games in 2004. he is one of the country's most decorated sportsmen. but, he has decided that this is the end of the road for him and he will end his career as a professional cyclist. middle aged people are putting themselves at risk of serious health problems unless they take action to change their lifestyles, according to health officials. public health england says 80% of a0 to 60 year olds are overweight, drinking too much and not getting enough exercise. it says ‘modern life‘ is putting middle aged people at a greater risk of developing diseases like type 2 diabetes. here's our health correspondent robert pigott. lee parker is running for his life. aged 41 and weighing 22 stone, lee was told by his seven—year—old son that he loved him even though he was fat. it was the nudge lee needed. since august, when he changed his diet and began to exercise, he's lost five stone. it was a case of, should we just order a pizza tonight? i think you just bec

>> he says that he wants to make france a great again. he wants to france to be a grand nation again. he wants to stand against francois fillon. he said he wants to protect our social model and make sure we can stand together as a nation again. he wants to bolster education. >> who do we think will succeed him as prime minister in france? >> that is still to be seen. a couple of candidates that are being named in the french media includes the current interior minister. it is unlikely that francois hollande is going to bring him in. he is likely to bring in somewhere -- someone close to him so that someone else in the party, including manuel valls, does it have more influence. >> lisa, thank you very much. after more than six months of fighting, libyan forces say they have taken full control of syria -- the city on the border of syria. the troops mainly from the western city of ms. rodda began the assault in may. is resisted using suicide car bombing, snipers, and improvised explosive devices. the longtime uzbech prime minister has been el

and in italy, the scenario is a little more realistic than france. but i think these in any case even if still a low probability, but well below 50%, these are nonnegligible tail risks and the question is are markets pricing them adequately. >> stay with us. we want to talk to but another political story. hollande has announced he will not seek re-election for a second term. he shocked the nation in acknowledging his widespread lack of popularity and injecting new uncertainty into next year's race. hollande's decision marks the first time an incumbent president has not sought a second term since 1958. he delivered the news in a televised address. >> translator: being in power, ritual of holding power, never made me lose my lucidity, neither about myself nor about the situation because i have to act. and today i'm con shups of the risks such a move would have if it doesn't get widespread support. also i've decided not to be a candidate in the presidential election. i wanted to tell you directly as promised if he beginning of december as i have announc

thank you very much for joining i here on "france 24."s mentioned before that previous report, the saudi king sent a warning to foreign countries he accuses of interfering in yemen. who was the saudi king referring to when he made that statement? peter: i think it's pretty clear that he was talking about iran. the driving factor has been a thatthat the houthi rebels bytrol sanaa are backed iran. richelle: we also heard in that report that the u.s. has blocked sales of weapons to saudi arabia. do you think that will have any effect on diplomatic ties? peter: i think it is quite likely to. the saudi-u.s. relationship has not been particularly good for some time. the saudi see the uss retreating from the region and not backing its allies, whereas the u.s. sees their relationship, or rather the obama administration sees the relationship with saudi deeplyas being problematic, especially since the campaign began, given concerns over the use of u.s. made weapons in alleged war crimes. richelle: why do you think the u.s. has done this now? the wa

france's most influential women goes on trial. international monetary fund chief christine lagarde is facing a possible one year jail term over a payout to a businessman that she oversaw during her time is prime minister. also coming up, in business, we will take a closer look at how the world's oldest bank is trying to save itself from a government bailout in italy. , andhristmas is coming while santa claus is normally flying around the sky with his reindeer, he is now underwater in mexico. more on why on the way. first, our top story live from paris. we will start in syria, where the army is drawing ever closer to taking the entire city of aleppo back from the rebels, who have had much of the east for the us five years. the latest reports now say rebels have lost 95% of territory they held just three weeks ago. one human rights group says more than 10,000 residents have fled aleppo in the past day alone. more on the situation there, let's bring in regional correspondent adam pletts in beirut. what is the latest you have been hea

france 24's chief foreign editor, robert parsons. russian investigators have found the lockbox of the plane that crashed into the sea on monday. -- have found the black box of the plane that crashed into the sea on monday. among the passengers were dozens of seamers -- dozens of singers from russia's military choir. they were going to perform at a news years -- add a new year concert. all makes of that plane have been grounded until it has answers. thomas lowe told us more about the discovery of the flight recorder today. thomas: this is being referred to as the main blacks box -- the main black box. it will be flown back to moscow in the next few hours, where they will be trying to decrypt the information on there. between days and weeks, depending on what has happened to the black box and the condition they find it when they open it up. the second black box has been located in the tale of the plane. but that has not been brought to the surface yet. continues.earch now 13 bodies have been pulled from the water. that search is going

>> anthony: from france. yes. >> pedro: what city, do you know?dfather was from near bordeaux. so, i'm, i'm curious about this whole episode of the settlement of nouveau bordeaux. >> anthony: the paraguay river still, as it was a hundred and fifty years ago, the country's main artery; a thoroughfare for transporting people and goods. so, who lives out there? all the people we see fishing on the, uh, riverbanks? are they fishing for dinner? >> peter: most of them are fishing for dinner. call them poor people. but what is poor? they decide by themselves to live here. they could go to asunción and start working on a construction place tomorrow. >> anthony: peter has organized a trip upriver to see new bordeaux, what was hoped would be a new france in the chaco. >> peter: the fish we bought today, fourteen kilo -- >> anthony: right. >> peter: that's half a month's salary. and you get, with a bit of good luck, in one night. >> anthony: right. outside of the cities paraguay is, of course, sparsely populated. indigenous groups, a few settled europeans, m

in france, we have a debate. there are those who believe that the state is in charge of law and order and we drop everything , but just to give you an example that you need to stay whenever you have externalities to deal the climate externalities and go beyond it. mr. le corre: with that, please join me in -- ppe andg both phili heather. brookings was very appreciative of the french government helping to make this possible and when you leave, there are coffee cups and papers at your feet, you would make our maintenance staff happy and reduce inequality of happiness at brookings. [laughter] [indistinct conversation] >> this week on c-span, tonight at 8:00, jerry greenfield talks about created and responsible business practices. if we could not tell enough ice cream in the , that forced us to look for other markets. >> wednesday night, dick cheney on the futureta of the depends department under president-elect donald trump. >> i think the challenges are very great and we have, unfortunately, done serious damage to

france, what is the religion of authorities?sterrs back the was talking about putting these plug-ins and every gas station. that in reality, what is going on? the byace an issue about ability the charging station. the -- you have different requirements in different countries. , i would say it's under development. it took much longer than expected. that is a reason why it's -- you have different requirements in different countries. apartment, youan might not have access to a charging station, which is in issue. situation, you could link the charging station with communication. for instance want to download dos or if you want to something like that, it requires communication. >> the hybrids are growing so fast that you have to wonder, will this conversation about electric cars, in a way, be hybrids -- be moot if become the norm? >> it's a good way to go to full electric vehicles. it saves the missions and it helps to develop the technology. in the end, it will be a fully youtric be nickel p >> do agree that hybrids are just a mean

those are our top stories on france 24. a nationwide cease-fire in syria. vladimimir putin a truce agreemt has been reached with turkey backed by damasascus and syria's opposition coalition. thee syriaian army announces it will put down its weapons stararting midnight. damascus says fighting will continue against the islamic state group. turkey a and russia sayay they l guarantee the cease-fire. putin announces s a reduction of russian forces in syria. beth in beirut. what is the cease-fire going to look like especially of those groups are not included? >> nobody thinks any kind of cecease-fire in the area is goig to be easy to implement. this d does seem unpnprecedenter the scale we are lookoking at. ththe army should be layining dn its weapapons at midnighght tont and the defense minister has said it will also include 62,000 opposition fighters from around the country. which is a really large number even if you take into account that there must be a lot of confusion over who is involved in it. a big signlly quite of how much influence russian president vl

in france, economists consider that good news in france. zero percent , they mean that they believe you can arrive half way but i would not call that stagnation . there's a third argument with his europe, europe we have the advantages of all these drawbacks, we are far beyond these many countries in europe have not got their act together and look at sweden. sweden was growing at zero percent for a year, that's just the gdp of sweden and after the revolt in the early 90s, the measure grew so japan's growth is slowing down. that's a mirror of sweden, do you see that? and the netherlands, they did big reforms in the early 80s, they multiplied by three the gdp growth. canada, i know that's not in europe but they multiplied by almost for that year of gdp growth. almost 5 gdp growth rates by reforming, i see what you mean by reforms. by doing structural reforms you can freeze growth. one thing we see is that they didit by preserving the social model . you see how you havegrowth , in sweden you have to do this but then you bring education sometime

france is very exciting for that reason. however, i give the populist movement a little more credit in diagnosing a problem. people don't feel that their governments are keeping them safe, and they're right about that, or delivering growth, and they're right about that too. the question is there are prescriptions. that's what makes the french election so exciting. >> growth in america, i think, can solve a lot of our differences. in europe it's a different matter because you're dealing with huge welfare states and growth in and of itself isn't going to solve all of europe's problems. >> in america it's getting bigger too. >> still ahead, it was the biggest story of the year and one very few in politics and the press saw coming. so just how did we get the 2016 election so wrong, and what can we learn for next time? we'll ask larry sabato next. >>> the 538 members of the electoral college met this week in 50 state capitals. it was the final chapter in what was no doubt the biggest story of 2016 and the biggest surprise to poll

we didn't want those guys running france. in fact, when i went to paris, people couldn't believe it when i said, you know, can you imagine normandy, 50,000 american casualties, 9,387 americans buried in omaha beach. imagine that sacrifice for nothing. imagine breaking out on normandy in finding out that the french resistance had taken over paris and lyon and bordeaux and nice. and they're communists. what was the point? what would have been the point of liberation? there would have been no liberation. i hope i've tried to answer your question. i think that the french resistance, finally, to sum up, i think if we had armed them, it would have been the stupid thing to do because we would not have been able to have a democracy in france after the war. the communists heavily armed would have run the country. the reason why we put de gaulle in paris in 1944, even though we hated him, everyone hated him, was because he was a figurehead. we needed someone the french would believe and support and follow. we didn't want a communist. t

and in france i think it's very interesting.ant message but then a free market catholic that could be an alternative. >> i think, mary, a lot of this is economics. when you have growth of 3%, 4 %, a lot of the anxieties go away. when it looks like the political class is failing to deliver peace and prosperity or security, that's when these tensions exist and populism rises. >> yeah. i think the populism we're seeing right now is largely a pushback against centralization and disappointment in the united states, for sure, with washington. they feel like washington has failed them. and they want a return to something where they feel like they have some power. and donald trump is promising to return power to them. now, whether he does that by centralizing power in other aspects, for example, industrial policy, we'll see. but for sure people are -- were rebelling against the establishment. >> it seems to me, jason, if populism mobilizes people to break up the status quo that isn't working, particularly if it leads to faster growth or

is it controversial in france when they give honours? sometimes it can be.s become the fiasco at all that it has become in this country because i seem to remember that every year there are controversial appointments and there is quite a lot of... how can you set about reforming its? you have to ta ke about reforming its? you have to take the decision—making process away from a very small kabbalah people. laughter a cold, i don't know, conspiracy. -- cult. and what appear to be subjective ideas as to who is right or wrong and who deserves this kind of thing. you have to introduce a public element into all of this —— cabal.. you have to include the criteria and rules for handing things out, you know, civil servants reached it when they get to this point, or if you win wimbledon twice a. ,, world number one. well, yes, of course. only because novak djokovic has had some personal issues. —— so, for instance, world number one. well, she has got it in for you. or a public element of being able to nominate or contribute somehow to the discussion on whether or not w

one that has been generating a lot of debate in france.rance, it is illegal to prevent a woman from having an abortion. aday in the french assembly, piece discussing an amendment extending the law to websites that contain "false information." these are pro-life websites. many of them have a catholic focus. explains that the measure is not seeking to ban the sites our right. it would allow for individuals to sue them if they believed the fight has in some way obstructed woman's rights to an abortion. reaction on the attack -- with the public mood swinging to the right with the resurgence of francois fillon and figures on the far right are passionately defending these sites. seeing any attack on them as an attack on their rights to freedom of expression. hebdo.news about charlie merelys no longer a french establishment -- it is launching in germany today. sales of the magazine soared with germany buying 70,000 copies of the survivor edition -- angela merkel on the toilet reading8úxú woman: this is our story, a uniiversal story, and one that

fawad has ended up in limbo land, like so many other migrants arriving in france.ost: in the meantime, fawad's situation has slightly improved -- he's now staying in a former barracks--so he has a roof over his head. but his future is still uncertain. ever since the end of communism, poland had been seen as eastern europe's strongest democracy and a model for struggling post-soviet states. that is, until last year, when the country made a sudden lurch to the right under the newly elected law and justice party. after poland's minister for justice removed about 140 prosecutors from their posts, many citizens are now worried that judicial independence in their country is under attack. they are fearful that their days as a flagship in the east, are numbered. reporter: zbigniew ziobro is both poland's justice minister and public prosecutor general -- a lot of power concentrated in one person. he's taken up the battle against the polish judiciary reputation for corruption and inefficiency. but does that include purging individuals who are out of favor? 140 state prosecut

and a victory for police here in france. the government agrees to push through key measures that will allow officers to use their firearms more easily when under threat. it follows a spate of violent attacks on police in the last few months. laura: first, a failed asylum seeker from tunisia has been and the chief suspect following monday's deadly truck attack in berlin. anis amri, he is 24 years old and is said to be armed and dangerous. an award is being offered for information leading to his arrest. his id card was found in the vehicle used to kill 12 people in the christmas market in the german capital on monday, and he was already known to the police, as simon now reports. simon: german authorities are chasing down a new lead, a set of identification papers were found by forensic teams in the truck, which plowed through the christmas market. police have now renewed their manhunt. the german government has confirm progress in the says the man but remains just a suspect. >> the suspect has been on the wanted list since mid

the 36—year—old — who also became the first british cyclist to win the tour de france — said he had beennough to fulfil his "childhood aspiration." public health england warns of a "middle—age health crisis" — with eight in ten people aged between a0 and 60 either overweight, inactive or drinking too much. german police have detained a ao—year—old tunisian man in connection with the fatal lorry attack on a berlin christmas market last week. one woman has died and several people injured, afterfour separate accidents involving more than 20 vehicles on the aao in oxfordshire. a search operation is continuing off the kent coast for two crew members missing after a fishing boat capsized in the english channel. also in the next hour: fans and friends pay tribute to the actress and author carrie fisher. the hollywood star — best known for her role as princess leia — has died at the age of 60 after suffering a cardiac arrest. the five—time olympic gold—medal winning cyclist, sir bradley wiggins, has retired from the sport. wiggins, who also won the tour de france in 2012, issued a statement via