led by frances willard. it is hard to underestimate what a big deal frances willard was at the time. she was an absolute superstar, reveille the best woman in the world. she was just a celebrity of major proportion. and it is easy today to think of temperance as the sort of killjoy, judges spinsters who wanted to take away your cocktail, but at the time when women had so few rights, there is no such thing as marital rape , they didn't have access to their own money. if a man decided to get drunk and take their wages and beat them up, they had no legal resource. temperance was actually women's rights for a whole lot of other reasons. and a lot of suffragists got their start that way. also in abolition, those were two movements where women believed in those causes, got involved in those causes and realized life they can affect them. it was a pipeline for a lot of women at a training ground for a lot of women. how to be brave about standing on a street corner and handing out flyers which was for a lot of women