and my second question, you mentioned william lieber -- >> francis lieber. >> francis lieber at the very beginning of the talk. is he the same francis lieber who wrote the whole code. >> the number 100. >> so the first question, and i don't -- so the first question is about george h. pendleton, he's known as the father of civil service reform. he was the prime mover behind that, i don't know if the shenanigans of the elections of 1864 influenced him. politicians were certainly aware of some of these things that were going on, because soldiers would write to politicians after they had been dismissed saying look at what happened to me. one was an ohio congressman who was actually kicked out of union camps for trying to peddle democratic tickets. it very well might have, but i don't know definitively. and francis lieber is perhaps best known for having written general order 100. this was basically a code of war, a code of law that would guide union war policy when waging war. so, yeah, same man. >> thank you. >> of course the question that comes up, is that lincoln wanted a fair election. h

the confederate papers we have, most of them we can thank francis lieber for that. part of that is to do precisely this. he wanted the paper trail to find out who are the traitors and who is not. a lot of that can be done, but a lot cannot be done because the paper trail is gone. >> how long was wirz in command of andersonville? >> thank you for asking back, -- asking that, because that is not something i had a chance to mention. very briefly. this is one of the other problems. if i wanted to take the side of wirz, and there are people who do, you could say, look him he was not in charge there very long. the commander at andersonville most of the time was general john winder. wirz was his subordinate. winder had a heart attack and died in february of 1865. while the u.s. would go to certain extents, i don't think they would dig him up and charge him like they did with oliver cromwell. so the charges in february 1865, the camp does not dissolve in april. it is a long and slow process of prisoner transfers, which includes some of the prisoners going on the terribly ho

is a faceting book called the lieber code that came out a couple years ago about the start of francis liebers a political scientist and an aide to lincoln who was very much a proponent of this hard war theory. he believed if you didn't stamp out the opponent, stamp them out to the point, that like a fire, and in burwood ketchikan and the rebellion would return. he was very see as

war, a fascinating book called the leader code that came out a few years ago the story of a -- francis lieber was a political scientist and age to lincoln who was a proponent of this hard work theory, he believed if you couldn't stand out the opponent can't stand him out to the point of utility that like a fire and amber would catch again and the rebellion would return and he was very key as an adviser to lincoln and established the legal code, what was acceptable or unacceptable which included a much wider territory that was 6 of the bling terms of civil society, freeing slaves, the seizing of private property, the attack upon civilians under certain circumstances and lieber was an important person to the history of the rest of the war, so there is a lot to be read into is that. i don't think lincoln was looking ahead to what would happen after the war. he had a lot in front of him to conduct in the war had at hand so i doubt he had -- was thinking about the historical perspective going forward. interesting to contemplate. maybe one more question? >> when the proclamation was issued, what wa

my second question to you mentioned francis lieber at the beginning of this talk.is that the same person who wrote the whole code? , the first question is about george pendleton. i did not mention this but meant to. george pendleton is famous today as the father of civil service reform. i think it was 1883 that the civil service act was passed. i do not know if the shenanigans of the election of 1864 influenced him. politicians were certainly aware of some of these things going on because soldiers would write to politicians after they had been at whatd to say look just happened to me. one of his closest allies was an ohio congressman who was actually kicked out of union camps for trying to settle democratic -- trying to peddle democratic tickets. probably most is famous today for having written what is known as general orders number 100. a code ofasically war, a code of law that would guide union were policy when waging war. so, yes, same man. >> thank you. >> of course, the question that comes up is that lincoln wanted a fair election, but as far as he wasers in c

is a faceting book called the lieber code that came out a couple years ago about the start of francis lieber was a political scientist and an aide to lincoln who was very much a proponent of this hard war theory. he believed if you didn't stamp out the opponent, stamp them out to the point, that like a fire, and in burwood ketchikan and the rebellion would return. he was very see as an advisor to henry halleck and advice to link and establish something called the lieber code, what was acceptable, unacceptable, which included a bunch -- a much wider territory that was acceptable in terms of civil society, the freeing of slaves, seizing of private property, the attack upon civilians under certain circumstances. and lieber was a very important person to the history of the rest of the war. so is a lot to be read into the. i don't think lincoln was looking ahead to what would happen after the war. he had a lot in front of him to conduct in the war he had at hand, so i doubt that he was thinking about the historical perspective going forward. but it's interesting to contemplate. may be one more qu