the franklin library. john adams, when he visited philadelphia, he said there is a nice market and better charitable foundations. had adams known franklin was the one behind a lot of those, maybe he would have changed his mind. if franklin were alive today, he would be glad to see his money still funding trades, kids who want to learn trades, he would be glad and to see his money helped build the franklin institute that is still walk -- still operating today. he would be ecstatic to see the franklin trade schools still running in boston. would he wondered why it has someone else's name on it? maybe, but he would probably also wonder why it has his name on it. maybe he would say it is great this is still owning. >> before we started, i told you we pulled one quote to read to you. it's from page 158. here we go. "franklin hoped his last will and testament would persuade americans, the dying wish of his fellow founders only amplified the uniqueness of this reflect -- request as well as their shared moral sail

she brought franklin young franklin cousin franklin roosevelt down to the lower east side to see what it looked like when you walked somebody back to their door back into their into their tenement building what the conditions there were how and franklin roosevelt had never seen like it. how could people live like this? he said to her. she was absolutely crucial to his understanding that there was another world. this wasn't just club, you know philanthropy or club, you know activity. this was real stuff. this was the real thing and she took to it in a way that you you don't see among the others in her group in in her peer group at the time, but she had come out but she had to do these other things this however was her first glimpse of what multi-racial pluralist democracy looked like in a world where only corrupt politicians of tammy hall and others like it were in charge. a lead explain a little incongruity for me again the news to me and the biography that she wasn't a supporter of women's suffrage. we're doing this in connection with an exhibit that we have up on the 19th amendment

talk about her meeting franklin roosevelt, their marriage. >> well, franklin was her fifth cousin, and they met on a train one summer day, on a train going upriver. he to the park, and he sheet to her grandmother tells. al-ata has already referenced, there were blocks on the inside of her door to protect them from the ankles, who had ones have been a charming young men around town, tennis champions. alcoholics who are dangerous and scalp very, and eleanor's life, being in her grandmother's house, in town, as well, where she lived, and it just after, at the time she met franklin was chaos. it was pure chaos. it was not knowing where she lived, not knowing what her future would be, where she was even going to go. franklin's life was solid. it was backed by a mother who created a couple that eleanor attached to. i think of them as a compact of oddball's. eleanor was odd, and that she was left out. i think of her as being ghosted by the roosevelt. her own family was discontinued as one of her cousins, roosevelt's cousin said. there was no mother. there was no father. it was her brother, pa

franklin d. roosevelt library was our first, we now have 15 libraries in total, more than 660 million pages of text records, 640,000 museum objects. i'd like to express my appreciation to our colleagues at fdr and throughout the presidential library system who worked tirelessly to preserve access to the documents that define us as a people. i was pleased that in david nicklaus's acknowledgment, he calls out, and i quote, roosevelt library supervisor christian carter and her support team including matthew hansen, sara and patrick. he notes that in the stacks of hyde park, roosevelts papers rise 899 cubic feet, more than 1 million documents. the content traversing no fewer than nine ages of world history, from the victorian age to the space age. let me close with these words from this biography. luckily, eleanor result believed in protecting and guaranteeing individual freedom. nothing could have forged a greater trust with her future barack verse, scholars, and historians then the counterintuitive

who is franklin? a newspaper guy. he first proposes to congress what he writes a position as head of antislave and abolition of society that congress should do maximum extent possible, congress should try to diminish slaves. people from georgia and the south don't like that and go against franklin. one guy actually says what does ben franklin know about the constitution? nothing. [laughter] so franklin writes a spoof and he's brilliant at satire. he creates cartoons they appeal to a a democratic culture. tongue-in-cheek and he writes as if he actually says some of the arguments i just heard about why we should preserve slavery made by georgians in south carolina and put in mind something that happened 100 years ago and there was this era slaveholder defending the enslavement of the infidel christians in every single argument georgians made heut enslaving black people, says he makes this of course, basically african arabs for enslaving white european christians, someone has to do the work. they don't believe in god and

who is franklin? he is a newspaper guy.oposes to congress pretty writes a petition is head of anti- slave abolition society that congress should do to the maximum extent possible congress should diminish slaves. the people from georgia and south one guy at what does ben franklin about the constitution democratic culture some of the arguments why we should preserve slavery made by the georgians put me in mind of something that happened 100 years ago. and there was this slaveholder who actually was defending the enslavement of the infidels christians. and every single argument the georgians made makes this up of course. or enslaving white european christians. somebody has to do the work. they are better off here who wants with a lesser blood. and holy scripture authorizes this. and actually this is good for them. it's a positive step. he takes every one of the georgian arguments, grips it around racially. at some brilliant it is the same guy 16 years old, pretended he was a middle age matron. fifteen years old he spoofs his o

smack you also mentioned benjamin franklin. the way it almost selzer conversation, images are involved. can you tell us about this great cartoon that franklin generates very early on in the conversation. >> yes, so he sets a gene genius and he invents a lightning rod and social institutions in the first secular university and he's also someone that invents the world's first real political cartoon and it's not from britain and it's a very democratic culture. and it is the picture of a snake that is cut up into pieces and he has a slogan. it is the first viral means in which we could say hash tag join. the colleagues after work together with the mother country to deceive the french in the early stages what would become the french and indian war. and i'm very same page, he is a newspaper madman. if he were alive today he might be rupert murdoch. there is a picture of a snake and in effect he's also telling his audience about a young 22-year-old military officer from virginia who bravely is confronting the french named george washi

it's my pleasure to welcome the honorable barbara hackman franklin. she served as the 29th us secretary of commerce under president george hw bush and was the second woman to hold that position 20 years earlier secretary franklin led the first governmental effort to recruit women into high-level government jobs as a staff assistant to president nixon and effort which resulted in nearly quadrupling the number of women in those positions. her story is told in a book by lee stout entitled a matter of simple justice the untold story of barbara franklin and a few good women and the secretary will be available and signing copies of that book in the library's gift shop immediately after this program. she served on the boards of 14 public companies and was one of the first women graduates of the harvard business school. in fact time magazine named her one of the 50 women who made american political history. secretary is joined this morning in conversation by heath hardage lee and historian curator and biographer who is currently at work on the first commercia

i would say sarah and franklin were in love with the same person, franklin.he was devoted, totally devoted to him. and not always nice to eleanor. but she drove eleanor out of that house. that house that i work in. she made think so difficult for eleanor there that finally she said to eleanor, reportedly, you know, you are about housewife. you can't cook. you are a bad mother. franklin doesn't like spending time with you. why don't you go do something? i go down to the lower east side and worked in relief agencies. i work in poor children's agencies. i work with black leaders. which, by the way, she. did she did all of that. she said to eleanor -- and eleanor became -- this is a six foot woman who was not the most graceful in the world. she became a dance instructor on the lower east side. at the seaside settlement. house that launched her career in public service herself. lincoln's mother, very briefly, i guess we're out of time -- but lincoln's was obviously deeply affected by the tragedy of the loss of his natural mother. nailing shut the coffin of your mo

yeah, the fall guy after pearl harbor that was but franklin roosevelt. as i mentioned just a minute ago shocked as i believe he genuinely was he got a phone call from winston churchill who heard about this on the radio. oh my gosh. what what's this about pearl harbor? what have i heard? and he said yes, it's true. we're all in the same boat now roosevelt had been determined to save britain if he could lend lease whatever aid he could provide he comes up with the whole idea of lending a garden hose of your neighbor's house is on fire. well now clearly is the opportunity to provide all the aid that britain needs and the soviet union too for that matter since hitler had invaded the soviet union in june of that year. so this gave him a vision that the war could be one and i think that was just as for lincoln winning the war was first abolishing slavery is great, but you've got to win the war you have to hold a union together or nothing else can happen and i think roosevelt felt the same way about the second world war. and you alluded to the fact that rooseve

yeah i would say sarah and franklin were live at the same person, franklin.she was devoted, totally devoted to him. for sure. and not always nice to eleanor. but she drove eleanor out of that house. that house that i work in. she made things so difficult for illinois, and finally she said to eleanor reportedly, you know you are bad housewife, you can't cook, you are a bad mother. franklin doesn't like spending time with you, why don't you go to something? i go down to the lower east side and work in relief agencies. i work in poor children's, i work with black leaders. which by the way, she did. she did all of that. and eleanor became, this is a six foot woman who is not there was grace 1 the world. she became a dance instructor on the lower east side and the inside settlement house. and that launched her career in public service herself. lincoln's mother very briefly, because i guess we're out of time. lincoln obviously was deeply affected by the tragedy of the loss of his natural mother i mean they your kneeling shut the coffin of your mother by hand must b

um, it was to eddie by franklin called her too. and two old gate rather than any other home that franklin first chose to come in his wheelchair. when he emerged from home after he decided with eleanor and lewis howe the polio would not blight his political career. franklin's mother cousin sally was with bammy at old gate only nine days before bami died in august of 1931 at the age of 76. her pain was great. but she petted cousin sally's hand and said firmly to shut off the flow of sympathy. never mind. it's all right. these were the last words from bammy anyone remembered before she went into a coma. out of which the doctors said she would never emerge never emerge and then truly old gate was for a time a quiet place. corinne jr. was karin's daughter could not bear watching sheffield and his wife day after day at their bedside vigil and one afternoon. she managed to get them out of the house for a little exercise. they were on the second green at the farmington country club when they saw running down the fairway bammy's secretary c

hi you made reference to robert moses and eleanor and franklin not wanting him to be part of franklin's administration. obviously, we know that he later on comes back with the vengeance in what ways did he interact with roosevelt when roosevelt was governor if if at all he kept him as the head of the state parks. council or agency, so that he did but the reason why he didn't want them. was that he had a falling out with him because franklin had wanted to appoint lewis how to the taconic state park commission or something and moses wouldn't go along with it and they remembered so he felt he would not be you know, he wanted he wanted his own people. he wanted people around him. who were his aides who would not only be policy aids, but the people he put around him were people who physically also could help him, you know like his you know, the guys whonow, it's my o introduce catherine smith. catherine smith is a journalist in history writer with a long-time interest in fdr and his times. she is the biographer of marguerite alice lahand who was fdr's private secretary counselor confidant fr

you're describing your wonderful book, franklin and washington the founding partnership, franklin's own gyrations about sovereignty is located, maybe taxes are okay if they are imports but not exports, trying to split the difference. but eventually, he came around to independents and he liked the others, decided that sovereignty was in the people. >> building on what gordon has already said, there was a struggle to understand how to draw these lines. of virtual representation. because they understood the terms representation, and the british were using them, and they could say, and some did, well, we are virtually represented, just like women our virtually represented, and they would use that of women being represented by their husbands by not voting, we are like manchester. manchester had grown to be the second or third largest city in england and it had no representations in parliament because it did not exist to them, they divided up the seats. you are represented like manchester, as long as we are treated the same. so if it's regulatory, they can look back, if it's a regulatory law,

the first one is how much did franklin roosevelt know about? breckenridge long and others in the state department were doing in 1938 1939 1940 1941 to make it as difficult as possible for refugees to enter the united states and my second question is if you could ask fdr one question, what would you ask and what do you think his answer would be? nothing like an easy question. so on the as far as the first question, i'm breckenridge long. you know roosevelt was this sounds like an excuse. but again, let's keep in mind that it was the great depression and that it was world war two or at least we were on the verge of a world war in europe during that period that you mentioned 1938 to 1940. he had a lot of he had a lot of balls in the air during that time. and i think he was aware. to some extent of what was happening in the state department in particularly of what? breckenridge long was doing it was not his highest priority. there's no doubt about it. he was aware because his wife was telling him. she she was she did everything she could. to influe

when he had met benjamin franklin one day, back when paine still lifted london, franklin had encouraged to the struggling young man to go start a new life in the american colonies. so, in 1774, tom paine did just that. clutching a very brief, a cursory letter of introduction from franklin, who barely knew him, paine booked passage to philadelphia. turning his back on the country, england, that had brought him nothing but despair and disappointment. paine's health deteriorated so much on that long voyage across the ocean that he staggered off the ship in philadelphia half dead it he didn't know a soul. when his health finally returned, fully six weeks later, tom paine said about reinventing himself. so, he added e to the end of his name, pain becomes paine. a signal to himself as much as anyone else that he wanted to start fresh. he began contributing a few column inches to a local newspaper and, within a few months, he was able to use that brief experience, as well as that cursory letter of introduction from ben franklin, fillies favorites on, to get himself a job in philadelphia. editi

when he met benjamin franklin one day back when paine still lived alone, franklin had encouraged this struggling young man to go start a new life in america. so in 1774 tom paine did just that, clutching a very brief, cursory letter of introduction from franklin who barely knew him. he booked passage to philadelphia.. turning his back on the country, england, that had brought him nothing but despair and disappointment. paine's health deteriorates so much on that long voyage across the ocean, but he staggered off the ship half dead, and he didn't know a soul. when his health finally returned, fully six weeks later, tom paine set about reinventing himself. he added an e to the end of his last name, a signal to himself as much as anyone else that he wanted to start fresh. he began contributing a few columns to a local newspaper, and within a few months he was able to use that brief experience as well as that cursory letter of introduction from ben franklin, philly's favorite son, to get himself a job in philadelphia editing a new gentlemen's magazine there for 50 pounds a year. and it wa

franklin said when my quote when god says rain rain is my choice. i feel like every single thing in my life is here to serve. the hard stuff the good stuff. i've had six shoulder surgeries. i was told repeatedly a couple times in my career that i would never play again and every single time i had heard those things or went through those things. i was with my mother and my mother's like babe. this is gonna make you so good. you know, and so that mentality that through challenges there's new strength. there's new workarounds. there's all these things. that's kind of how i live my life and now my kids, you know compete and they fall down the fat on their face or if they fail like this is gonna make you so good like you're crazy mom like but it will you know, so i think that, you know having lived that and i'll give you that to my kids those really special it feels right. my life experience tells me it's true. we are here celebrating title nine today, and certainly we'd be remiss not to talk about the future. of women's sports. there's a lot of people r

>> benjamin franklin. >> why benjamin franklin? >> with the, kind of like, the freedom, liberty. when we talk about liberalism in that sense, john locke as well, the freedoms that come with it. >> so, certainly, we'll talk about this in the next couple class periods. certainly, the enlightenment is about politics in some ways. natural rights. we will get back to this. good, what else comes to mind? the enlightenment. by the way, is in the class when you are in high school taking history, we're talking about the enlightenment today? but i guess when your eyes glaze over. and there's nothing exciting here. caleb? >> reason? >> reason, how many have heard the enlightenment referred to as the age of reason? we'll come back to that. anyone else? what kind of figures do you think about when you think about the enlightenment to the 18th century? we heard about franklin, we heard about locke. any other names hit you? >> jefferson. >> good, thomas jefferson in america. often known as a man of the enlightenment. >> voltaire? >> good, we have these frenchmen. rousseau, walter. there is this

although franklin throws out the notion while he is in london out of touch with american opinion that maybe we can have some representatives from the colleague, maybe hundreds the way the scots do in the way the scots did in 1707 when they became great britain, when england and scotland great britain. the americans want no part of that notion. they know that they will be swamped, by the british and know whenever susan considers having memberships in the house of commons as a solution to the problem. right from the outset in the stanback of congress which meets in reaction to the stanback which is the tax law on all paper products in america they know instinctively the colonial assemblies will be the legislature that will determine taxation. now they have representation of the outside of their own colonial legislatures. only their willing to recognize the supremacy of parliament and the empire. that concession confuses the english because the english look at parliament as a sovereign body, and fact is the protector of liberty, is the instrument that they have honored ever since the rev

he knew by baxon ng london, franklin desk. i've been present it question the thing i'm from brown dodge fund. somebody, well italian, our omit, the united states continued its policy of appeasing imperial japan. the americans held on to the hope that japan would re focus his attention on the ussr. the soviet union did not want to be caught fighting a 2 front war war with japan and the east, and also a war with germany in the west. and they knew that the germans were going to attack sooner or later. also, when the british and french refused to form an alliance against germany, went to saudi. the polish government also refused. on january the 26th, 1934 in poland became the 1st european country to conclude a non aggression treaty with germany. the pill such k, hitler packed along with germany, poland plan to attack the ussr with polar and must not remain idle at this historic moment. the main goal is to weaken and crush russia. but on september the 1st 1939, poland was attacked by germany militia, europe 4 should get good. you g

and quite an effective leadership role under, under war 2 and counteracting the german advances. franklin delano roosevelt. the 32nd you as president, led the country from 1933 to 1945. franklin roosevelt came from an extraordinarily wealthy family, a very high elite socialite family, dating back to the 1600s. the roosevelt family. the delano family were old money that had built their fortunes in merchant ah, ship building other trades. roosevelt was a brag modest. and when it suited american interests was prepared to cooperate with the soviet union, it was under his said us soviet diplomatic relations were established in 1933. franklin delano roosevelt is recognized by many in the american historical and academic and political ranks as one of the greatest for term presidents in history . the only president to ever serve 4 terms. in fact, for his work in resuscitating the united states after an economic depression that occurred after the fall of the stock market in the 19 twenty's. the big 3 is how the allied 2nd world war leaders were known. they had different personalities, were from ve

yeah, lexus benjamin franklin. okay that why benjamin franklin? he kind of like to freedom livery like when we talk about like liberalism. okay sense and john locke as well with like the freedoms that come. all right, so certainly and we'll talk about this actually in the next couple of class periods. right? certainly. the enlightenment is about politics in some ways right natural rights, right and we'll get back to this good what else comes to mind the enlightenment. this is by the way, isn't this isn't this the class when you were in high school taking history, you know, like, oh we're doing the enlightenment today. i find you know this when you you're kind of eyes glaze over and you know, there's nothing exciting here. yeah caleb reason. okay. good reason how many of you have heard of the enlightenment used as or described the age of reason? right. we'll come back to reason again anyone else. what figures do you think about when you think about the enlightenment in the 18th century? we heard about franklin we heard about locke. any other names

when barbara franklin comes into the nixon administration into the west wing to do her work, i will tell you more about that, context between barbara's move into the nixon administration as staff assistant to the president this assignment to get more women in government, keep in mind we had the advent of the birth control pill in 1960 freeing women up we have the civil rights movement, the vietnam war, the feminist movement. we have all of these things swirling around creating a situation where women are beginning to be taken much more seriously to be much more of a voting rights group also. although they have had the vote for a long time. things are only starting to heat up in the 60's and 70's for women having more leadership roles in the government. in 1971, abra comes in as staff assistant to the president and her quote that she gave me was interesting. she said it was kind of a vacuum when i came in. there was a bit of force building up there or of a push for women in government. although the women's movement female reporters were trying to move women's issues forward, she also barb

at least in part to gratify franklin roosevelt's ego. so let me conclude by. just asking why is the story of the isolationist mainstream press of the 30s and 40s largely forgotten. and i would argue that historians of conservatism have often listened to the respectable voices of the elite media or intellectuals. instead of the voices of the enraged populace despite the greater reach of the latter. and the more highbrow quality newspapers may have influenced opinion leaders, but hurst mccormick in the patterson's shape the views of millions of ordinary americans. this was a very dangerous moment in world history as hitler built up as military invaded as neighbors and started a world war. yet at this dangerous moment these press barons work together to minimize the fascist threat. their divisive politics and sometimes hateful messages have entering appeal the last of the press lords died more than a half century ago, but there are errors in the right-wing media. still continue this crusade for america first. so that is where i will end it and i'm happy to take y