that took franklin roosevelt and franklin roosevelt came up with that idea and we talked about we are in the most partisan of times. and to allow for this library that is right here, whether or not to allow it to take place, you realize there is partisanship throughout our history of course. a lot of people thought it was a bad idea. the man who thought was the worst idea was hamilton fish who is from this district. if roosevelt said it was sunny he said it was dark. we know some hamilton fishes out there. this is not a new thing. he said this is a terrible idea. first of all, it is a giant monuments to this man's ego. more importantly we got the library of congress. we are going to have to -- if roosevelt has won every one is going to want one of these libraries. that is a great title, driving from square dunked of podunk. my publisher didn't think so. he said any title that requires five minutes to explain is not a good title so i didn't call it that. when you come to the roosevelt library and a lot of libraries use see this wonderful thing, when you go to where roosevelt was, when

how franklin roosevelt did this. so bob clark wheeled me up one of this carts, which you can see, and i opened up the first box, and i took out one file, and what is wonderful about this library is before the freedom of information act took place, and the archivist and the white house before franklin relevant left the white house, were able to organize the papers very well. and i looked at this first file and i saw about 20 pages cross-referencedful might be something a cabinet member said and then cross-referenced. and i thought if i'm a writer and i footnote this, it looks like i've done this for six months. so for all of these books we read -- this is why my book "chasing history," i dedicate to the archivist. they may not even be alive anymore when you go to that file, but for the mcculloughs and -- they couldn't do what they do without their work. and why do they do it? in this world where everything is self-aggrandizement, and as i drove across the country and met archivists, never met so many people who loved

franklin roosevelt would be remembered today for nothing but winning world war ii.nt, but no domestic achievements of any lasting value. quieting down a president is not easy. no one would have bet that the first woman cabinet member was going to quiet down a president like franklin roosevelt who had good reason to believe he was smarter than most everyone else in government. but she did. she quieted down one of the strongest presidents in our history, and got him to think about the realities. the realities of poverty and old age, the realities of old age in america without an income. franklin roosevelt thanked francis perkins for quieting him down and getting him to think about those realities. but the country never has thanked her. >> she gave me like a long list of possible women to put on our dollar bills and quarters and stuff. which i thought was a pretty good idea. >> yep, it's a pretty good idea. beginning with francis perkins. ♪ [ girl ] my mom, she makes underwater fans that are powered by the moon. ♪ she can print amazing things, right from her computer.

festival david kaiser recounts president roosevelt's preparations for america's entry into world war ii. >> i am bob clarke and i'm the deputy director of the franklin d. roosevelt presidential library and museum and is my pleasure to welcome you to the session of the 11th annual was about reading festival. as an archivist myself this is one of my favorite events of the year because it's an opportunity for all of the wonderful research from to show off the fruits of their labor. we are happy to have you and all of them participating today. just a couple of housekeeping matters. will everyone please take out their electronic devices and turn them off so our presentation is not interrupted today. thank you. for those of you who haven't had a chance to see the exhibits that opened last year this time of year please come and find one of the library staff and we will give you one of these franklin d. roosevelt initial buttons that you can wear and it will get you into our exhibit galleries for free. thank you to our colleagues at c-span. they are always great supporters of our programs than we are happy to have them back. but make tell you a little bit a

he wants to add or reagan and franklin roosevelt. icons from either party to try to solve the polarization. well, a journalist, a nasty guy. i have some history around crack roosevelt. you don't want upon amount. the speaker to be safe context the fbi and says i have to find out about this. ordered reluctantly, does not like to do this kind of work, but he is off to find out. he is rejected but initially he goes back and finds out what he knows. and he goes back -- is a journalist as an art. so he is ready to give up on the case. the speaker says i have to know what the journal's new or i can't go ahead with my project. so the fbi agent has to find out why the journalist was killed and with the back story, so he goes off initially to see what he can find out about the treasure. they're is a subplot that runs through both books, a terrorist in this country who tries to disrupt america by attacking its monuments. we call him the monument. in the first book the lincoln memorial is in jeopardy. the second book mount rushmore which is the

i am the director of the franklin roosevelt library and museum. it is my pleasure to welcome you to the key note address of the 11 annual roosevelt reading festival. when fdr created the library and gave home to the american people his home was people would visit and learn from the past so they would be able to create a better future for themselves. that mission of discovery and learning is something we take serious here. by welcoming visitors from all over we try hard to make that vision. it is our way to show how roosevelt's vision for the library as a research institution is being fulfilled boy a variety of authors who write books of all kinds. the work is evidence that there can be much learned and great inspiration drawn from the roosevelt area. i thank them all for being with us today. and through c-span we are able to share the roosevelt reading festival with a grand audience across the country. none of this would be possible without the dynamic staff of the roosevelt library and our volunteers that i thank for their help. the museum opened

he wanted to expand mount rush rushmore and add ronald reagan and franklin roosevelt. i try to snowfall polarization. well, there's a journalist, kind of a nasty guy, who says, i've got some history on franklin roosevelt you don't want to put him up on the mountain so the speaker to be safe, contacts the fbi and says i have to find out about this, and zane rigby is ordered, reluctantly, doesn't like to do this work, but is off to find -- initially rejected by the journalist but determined find out what hes no, and when he goes back he finds the journalist has been murdered. so, he is a ready to give up on the case but the speaker says, have to know what the journalist knew or i can't go ahead with my project. so the fbi agent has to find out why the journalist was killed and what is the back story with fdr hat the journalist was going to use to undercut the speaker's plan. so he goes off to cocoa island initially to see what he can find out about the treasure. and then there's a subplot that runs through this -- runs through both books -- a terrorist in this country wh

hopkins was a friend of both franklin roosevelt and eleanor, valerie jarrett is best friends with both michelle obama and barack obama. she lives in the white house. i mean, by that, she literally has a suite of rooms that she occupies permanently in the white house. she has a secret service detail. she eats with the president and first lady every night that they're in the white house. she goes on vacations with them. she goes to whatever meet showing wants to attend, and she carries the president's message to cabinet ministers and other people in the administration. there's been no one since harry hopkins, way back in the '40s, who has this kind of power. >> host: you write of her, from your book, saying she watched over him and made him feel safe. he was her special charge, the chosen one. she focused on him, doted on him, and devoted her entire life to him and gave him the kind of unconditional love he never received from this mother, who frequently abandoned him as a child. >> guest: that's right. now there have been several, as you know, biographies of barack obama, and there has

i am the director of the franklin roosevelt library and museum. it is my pleasure to welcome you to the key note address of

here we are at the franklin roosevelt library. and before i launch into however autograph it novel with a brilliant artist that the and i would give you president roosevelt and ask you how -- how many of you think he is to mean in this picture? did i character chair and badly? raise your hand. do we get the cigarette wrong? some people said we drew the wrong kind of cigarette holder. did we get it wrong? so when we first used to this picture he had no pupils in his eyes. so it was sort of more blank sort of more blank. he was a noble because you could not see anything behind the glasses. the artist who is a genius. want to say that a few times. and i talked back and forth. and i kind of have the impression that to make him an allies was to make into creepy, to make a president to creepy, and i did not like it. my name with this particular book was to convey knowledge, not just opinion. i don't think he was a creep. so when you have a creepy looking president that attracts some readers. readers like violence, sex, villains and heroe

can say this, that the clintons have a marriage that is somewhat similar to the marriage of franklin rooseveltand eleanor roosevelt. it's essentially a working relationship. they have gone their separate ways in many ways. they don't live together often. but they are colleagues and collaborators on policy. as eleanor and franklin were. on the other side -- excuse me. the obama side. we have a first lady in michelle obama who is best friends with valerie jarrett and who is a behind the scenes adviser to her husband in a way that's quite different because in many respects, michelle behaves toward her husband as though she knows better. he has said in public that she's the boss. he often sounds like a henpecked guy, i must say. i know that's very radical to say that, but i think there's a lot of truth to that. these women, both michelle and valerie, have enormous influence over his policy decisions. another concrete example, when bill daley was the chief of staff of the obama white house, he said after he resigned that he and obama would come to an agreement and then valerie jarrett would go upst

roosevelt preparation for american entry into world war two. >> before today. bob clark. the deputy director of the franklin d. roosevelt presidential library and museum. my pleasure to welcome you to this session of the 11th annual roosevelt really festival. as an archivist myself this is one of my favorite events of the year because it is an opportunity for all of the wonderful authors to show off the fruits of their labor. so we're happy to have you and all of them participating today. just a couple of housekeeping matters. will everyone please take of their electronic devices and turn them also that our presentation is not interrupted? thank you. for those of you have not had a chance yet to see the new permanent exhibit that opened here last year this time of year, please come and find one of the library staff and we would give you one of these initial buttons we will get you into our exhibit galleries for free. thank you to our colleagues. there are great supporters of our programs. happy to have them back. let me tell you a little bit about how the program will go this afternoon. our speaker will speak f

is hopingre gone, he and praying franklin roosevelt will sign a peace treaty with japan that will leave him and control the pacific. las vegas has not been created yet. if there have been makers at the time and las vegas, they would have given all of the advantages to the japanese. they were like a football team that was 16 and oh. the japanese do not win the battle of midway and partially that is because we had great leadership ourselves. this is a photo of a man who was able to restore morale i quickly after pearl harbor. not only laboring under a handicap of a lack of resources and man our mama but he also has another challenge. we have not yet broken japan's naval code. harbor, we got smart and began to apply more resources to break in the military code. there were any number of organizations devoted to doing just that. out in the world -- out in pearl harbor, working every day to break the japanese naval systems , doing the very same ring. work a lot of very tough in may of 1940 two, they achieve a breakthrough and begin to bring portions to the point where they can ascertain what

the book opens with a beautiful sentence which is franklin roosevelt was an unusual sound sleeper. cribe roosevelt being awaken by the u.s. ambassador of france who told them troops advanced to the border of poland and were a advancing. moe is someone that many have gotten to know. as my colleagues writes, whom i regard as a preeminent political writer in the country, said dick understands presidential decision making and applies his talents to probe the roosevelt presidency in fresh ways. richard was president of the natural trust of presservation. his books are the life and death of the first minnesota volunteers and changing places and rebuilding community in the age of sprawl. please give a warm national book festival welcome to richard moe. [applause] >> thank you, kevin, very much for that kind introduction. it is an honor to be here and introduced by kevin who i have admired for a very long time. let me tell you how happy i am here tebow -- to be here. i am a huge fan of the library of congress as i know many of you are. i cannot tell you how much i ad mire and appreciate the

soldiers discuss their memories of world war ii, including pearl harbor, d-day and president franklin roosevelt's death. that's followed by author rick atkinson on the significance of the allied invasion of sicily and the italian campaign, to the eventual liberation of europe. friday, 8:00 p.m. eastern, a history tour looking at the civil war. saturday 6:30 p.m. eastern, the communicators visits a technology fair on capitol hill. sunday on q&a, political commentator, author and former presidential candidate pat buchanan. hillary clinton, barack obama, and edward snowden. saturday at 10:00 p.m. eastern, daniel hellber. and saturday morning at 10:30, we visit the sites of casper, wyoming. and the negro league's

here we are, at the franklin roosevelt library, and before i launch into how i wrote the novel with a brilliant artist issue thought eye i'd give you president roosevelt and ask you, how many of you think he is too mean in picture? and does anyone -- nobody thinks he is too mean? anyone think he is too nice? does anyone have an objection to the cigarette? [inaudible] >> did we get the cigarette wrong? some said we had the wrong kind of cigarette holder. so, when we first drew this picture, he had no pupils in his eyes. so sort of more blank. you see president roosevelt, more blank. he was unknowable because you couldn't see anything behind the glasses. and the artist, a genius -- i want to say that a few times -- and i talk back and forth, and i kind of had the impression that to make him have no eyes was to maim him too creepy, to make a president too creepy, and i didn't like it. my aim with this particular book is to convey knowledge, not just pinch. i don't think roosevelt was a creep so -- but when you have a creepy looking president -- well-that attracts some readers. readers li

and theodore roosevelt, and of course crichton roosevelt, -- franklin roosevelt, they were all governors of new york. in those positions, don't with the press on a regular basis. -- they dealt with the press on a regular basis. theodore roosevelt when governor of new york used to meet regularly with the press. with a see pictures bunch of correspondence standing on his desk when he is talking to them about what he is doing. he brings that into the white house. if you go into the 20th century, woodrow wilson was governor of new jersey. that also was a large state. it still is. but it was a large state at the time. he had a good sense of publicity. when he came in, one of the first things he did was create the presidential press conference. he did that knowing he was going to have to deal with reporters because he had dealt with reporters in new jersey, so he knew what he had to do. he had to spend time thinking about his publicity. in fact, he wrote his own press releases, not just his own speeches, but he wrote his own press releases as he came in. deal knew he wanted to with reporters i

where he really showed in my view after the election, he said we only have one president now, franklin roosevelt, and he has my support and they have a famous dinner together just the two of them the night before roosevelt was inaugurated for the third time and roosevelt sent a handwritten message to church sylvia wendell willkie who was on his way to london. wendell willkie was so moved by what he saw during the blitz in london that he testified passionately and effectively and fdr never forgot, he said we never could have -- made the united states the great arsenal of democracy during world war ii, made a huge difference and it was a marvel he probably ruined his chances for the 1944 nomination in that act alone because virtually every republican leader in the country and urged him not to do it. winston churchill played a very key role. they had only met once at a dinner in london in 1918 during world war i. churchill never remembered the encounter. roosevelt never forgot that churchill never remembered the encounter but roosevelt was -- churchill was courting roosevelt very heavily during thi

. >> guest: the uss houston was a cruiser, franklin roosevelt's favorite warship. took it out a number of times. went on fish can expeditions on the uss houston, and in fact he took it three times to cocoa's island off of costa rica, and it's about 300 miles west in the pacific off costa rica, and supposedly there are number of buried treasures on the island. now, mr. roosevelt was a fisherman, he liked to fish in those waters and in fact caught a 110-pound sail fish that is with the something i sewnan today. -- something i sewnan today -- signature sewnan today. and one time he had entertained a couple of british treasure hunters on the houston on whether they can find treasure on cocoa island. the houston was sunk by the japanese, went down with the hmm perking dhmsperth.

he said, that was the greatness of franklin roosevelt.he knew we'd win just listening to this guy declare ware. and my dad told me that. he always thought we'd win the war. where's that optimism today about winning the big fights we have today about the world? >> well, there's no optimism because of what's been happening in this town since 2010. and that is a legislative branch that has decided to block everything that the executive branch is trying to do. one thing that i want to push back against, and that is this sort of collective notion that we have to find the one. the leader who is going to lead us out of this malaise and into sunshine and happiness again and i wonder, i think people -- >> what is it otherwise? >> say that again? >> when has it been otherwise we got somewhere without a leader? >> well, the point i'm getting to, chris, is that we have to start looking at, you know, the president is only -- we're a democracy, not a monarchy. the president is very powerful but only as powerful as the legislative branch will allow him

what would you ask of franklin roosevelt? i guess of franklin roosevelt it may well be empowered as i just went to the holocaust museum today, i would want to ask you when you think back, is there more you could have done, i understand once world war ii once world war ii have been, hitler close for a per, but is there more you could've done to bring more jewish refugees to the country before that moment. [applause] >> what would u.s. eleanor roosevelt? >> i think what i would ask eleanor, in fact it happened when i was working on the boat. they were so many times what i felt there what i thought they were such love between eleanor and franklin in as such hurt because he had had an affair so many years before. i would ask her again, just forget that affair. i know he loves you. i would talk to her when i would write the book could just tell her, just remember you are so much better than any other women in his life. just absorbed the fact that you are eleanor and just be closer to him because he was boldly in those years and th

can sat this that the s clintons have as marriage that is somewhat similar to the marriage of franklin roosevelt and eleanor roosevelt. hav it's essentially a working relationship. they have gone do their separa ways in many ways. they don't live together often.s but they are colleagues and collaborators on policy, as eleanor and franklin were. on the other side -- we have a first lady in michelle obama wht is best friends with valerie jarrett and who is a behind-the-scenes advisor to her husband in a way that's quite different because in many respects, michelle behaves s toward her husband as though she knows better. he has set in public that she's the boss. he often sounds like a henpecked guy, i must say. i know that's very radical to say that. but i think there's a lot of truth to that. these women, both michelle and e valerie, have enormous influence over his policy decisions. another concrete example, when bill daley was the chief of staff of the obama white house, he said after he resigned that he and obama would come to an pr agreement and then valerie nigt jarrett would go, upstairs to

it was commissioned around 1919 by franklin roosevelt when he was then assistant secretary of the navy. roosevelt selected about 20 great american warships, which he wanted models made. the uss constitution would be one of them. it was given special care in terms of the detail. 1812, he had of met the british [indiscernible] guerrier andthe socket. the old -- sunk it. the old ironside moniker comes from that battle. cannonballs bounced off the whole of the uss constitution -- hull of the uss constitution. the amazing thing about the constitution's first victory over the guerrier is that it came within days of william hall's surrender of fort detroit. the commander of the uss constitution was a man named isaac hall. name is not coincidental. he was the nephew of william hall. days after william hall had surrendered for detroit, isaac hall the news comes right after the surrender of detroit. ,t has the opposite reaction has buoyed american hopes that success -- of success. this is winfield scott, a famous american general. more people are familiar with the scary looking early photographs

in its library are the recorded voices of such well-known americans as theodore roosevelt and franklinroosevelt. >> the principles for which we stand are the principles of fair play and a square deal for every man and every woman in the united states. >> first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. >> in this theater, historical films are shown on request to those who need to study them. these scenes are from the inaugurations of presidents mckinley and wilson. this laboratory makes reproductions of archival materials. it are as microfilm or photo stats. here we see the making of a microfilm, a very small reproduction. here is the photostat machine in operation. making a reproduction of the exact size of the original. records in great demand for research are printed on microfilm. all of the volumes on this table are reproduced on microfilm rolls in six small boxes. to those who want reproductions of the great documents, faithful facsimiles are sold out moderate prices. the emancipation proclamation, washington's first inaugural address

unlike every other american president, at least since franklin roosevelt, it's not what gets him up in the morning. his first thought is not what threats does the united states face today? he's much more concerned with reordering our country domestically. so he looks at this act -- >> but he's not doing a good job of that either, ambassador. >> well, that depends on how you look at it. he says his aim w fundamentally transform america, and i'm worried that he may be succeeding. but the point is he's just not concerned with threats to the united states. it's part ideology, because he thinks we're too powerful as it is. and his part, as you rightly said, he loves in a dream world. he has no concept of how international affairs works, or the kinds of threats we face from evil people like those in isis. >> and you know, i mean, even a statement itself like oh, these people fail in the end, you know, talk about hope and change. that's wishing and hoping. and the optics of his playing golf, i mean, people are outraged. people are fuming about that. does he have no sense of humanity? >> well,

economy was falling apart wall street obviously the villain you know what does he do you know franklin roosevelt came into office in a very similar situation right and behave very differently and took that system apart and actually the week that f.d.r. was inaugurated it was the third day of housing thanks close if you know it was that they were basically every bank economy comes legally stopped in america when he was inaugurated they closed the banks of this country there was no economy what he did is is amazing and we you know and this is now i you know barack obama. very talented man highly intelligent man you know everybody tells you that i thought that it was fair to expect similar things from him i was i thought that was good roosevelt came into office with an overwhelming democratic majority in the senate overwhelming democratic majority in the senate because i he had he had well know if i'm really serious but you want to and i mean you go back and read the the new york times i'm forgetting her name this is a woman who was one of the first really big. female reporters wrote these front pa

of 1940, during a fireside chat, franklin roosevelt tells the nation that the dark storm clouds that have broken over europe are going to soon darken our shores. >> but all of our present efforts are not enough. we must have more ships, more guns, more planes, more of everything. we must be the great arsenal of democracy. us, this is an emergency as serious as war itself. >> america must become the arsenal of democracy, he says, a year before pearl harbor. m1's anddo we make colt m111 revolvers and that's the firearms, we make enough to arm and equip the men uniform and put in million dollars -- millions of to defeat fascism in europe in 1945. this industrial revolution that gives us the a century almost later maintain the freedom that americans have so hard fought in the intervening years. >> in part two of our tour of firearms museum, we'll see guns of the civil war, thosed

this tide this high tide of the , so-called imperial presidency has been going on since franklin roosevelt. it has been carried on to its , bymate extreme, i think mr. nixon. it is no accident that jon n said, of course we have one-man rule, because he is the only national elected officer. that was the state of mind. i think you will get a new ballot. mr. ford now becomes president. he comes in with one great advantage. the people will wish him well. he has the sympathy of the country. his great disadvantage will be that he will be the first president not elected either as vice president or president by the people, and the man he picks as vice president presumably also will not have been elected. we have never had a situation like this. and he of course will have the congress against him politically. mr. nixon was the first man to take over the presidency in his first term, with both houses against him. the same will be true of mr. ford. he will have maybe a bigger democratic majority after the election in november. but there will be this kind of a balance, at least for some time. congress

. >> i'm not talking about franklin roosevelt's political platform. i'm talking about a new organization in washington, led by wall street democrats like cory booker of new jersey, they formed recently a group that can raise campaign cash secretly from anonymous donors. and so far, they've raised it from some of the same big corporations that are also contributing to republicans -- wal-mart, pfizer, big pharma, comcast and others, friendly corporate lobbyists help run this. one of its board members is a lobbyist for the us chamber of commerce and they call themselves the new deal. >> that is exactly what's wrong and why people are sick of politics that you would think that the answer, that a democratic organization would think that the answer is for them to get corporate money as well. that's what happened in texas. the people didn't turn right wing. they quit voting because the democrats quit being democrats for exactly the reason that, of what cory booker is doing there. they went out and got the corporate money. and you take that check, you know, y

this tide and high tide of the so-called imperial presidency has been going on since franklin roosevelt and carried to the ultimate extreme by mr. nixon. not no accident that his man said of course we have one man rule because he's the only nationally elected officer that was the state of mind. this has gone to the brink and over. i think you'll get a new balance if mr. ford now becomes president. he comes in with one great advantage that people will wish him well. he'll have the sympathy of the country. all of that will be the case as has been before. the great disadvantage will be he'll be the first president not elected either as vice president or president by the people. and the man he picks as vice president the next few days presumably also will not have been elected. we've never had a situation like this. and he of course will have the congress against him politically in party terms. mr. nixon was thehóqjq;ut man t take over the presidency in his first term with both houses against him, first man for over 100 years. same will be true with mr. ford and he'll have maybe even a bigg

>> theodore roosevelt and franklin roosevelt. they put public service first.hey cared about the country. tr was more conservative. their pragmatism and love of the land. both tr and fdr loved rivers and lakes. they thought in order to love america, you had to be a custodian. >> i knew that about tr but not about fdr. >> he planted for the civilian conservation corps. was shut out and fdr created bird flight a waste -- fly ways. america owes a lot to that family. ken burns is doing a documentary on the roosevelt. >> i have talked to him about it. there is -- who is the smartest? >> in the nixon tapes? have all the people that occupied that you know about? with historians agree on one person? sheer brainpower. >> i would go with these or -- theodore roosevelt. thomas jefferson. george washington in his own way. there are only a few intellectual events. >> fdr was not that. >> jimmy carter was marred. he is very smart. >> clinton? some said it was the smartest -- he was the smartest president he had ever met. >> nixon was very smart. kennedy, not bookish smart. i

it involves a story with franklin roosevelt. you want to tell this story? >> sure. >> you knew this was coming. >> i knew this was coming. this is john's favorite story. norman's causes in the 1930s was he was working on behalf of sharecroppers in the who were being murdered and lynched. unbelievable things were happening. laws were happening in cities that he couldn't meet and groups and there were drive-by and unbelievable situations. when they tried to unionize, it got much, much worse. and he got it out of the south town by been run out of a man carrying shot guns and the whole thing. roosevelt letter after letter and saying you've got do something. he gets to the meeting at the house. he goes -- roosevelt, you got to do something. unconscionable. and roosevelt looks across the desk and says, you know what, norman? i'm a damn sight better politician than you are. and we've got le to wait. people are doing good work down there. to take some g time. saying, it can't wait. know, it was -- this is what the response of some pacifists would say. ou can't wait

. >> you will find out a a lot about franklin roosevelt unsavory. good president. bill clinton, obviously, okay? effective president. i don't know if it always mixes and match. >> it doesn't always. >> because barack obama, as you just said. >> is respectful. >> perfect record but is having all kinds of trouble governing. >> but we need to look at track record. if you look at his track record then you should form certain conclusions about whether he should be president. so, you have -- just when you choose a friend, when you choose a new employee, you do look at these things, you look at character. you treat -- you look at how they treat other people. you look at whether they accomplished anything. that's what we should be focusing on as opposed to how well he smiled on tv and what they promise. by the way, another example of nonpartisanship is the book exposes the reagan white house staff for overruling the secret service to allow spectators to get within 15 feet of reagan when he came out of the washington hilton. >> and that's why he got shot by john hinckley. >

and when they're gone, he is hoping and praying that franklin roosevelt will throw in the towel and sign a peace treaty with japan that will leave them in control of vast regions of the pacific. now, las vegas hadn't been created yet, it was a bus stop in the desert, but if there had been odds makers in vegas at the time, they would have given all the advantages to the japanese. they were like a football team that was 16-0 and barely scored upon. but amazingly the japanese do not win the battle of midway and partially that's because we had great leadership ourselves. this is a photo of admiral chester nimitz, a man who was able to restore morale quickly not win the battle of midway and after pearl harbor, but nimitz is not only laboring under a handicap of a lack of resources and manpower, but he also has another challenge, and that is this. we have not yet broken japan's naval code. now, after pearl harbor, we got smart, we began to apply more manpower and resources to breaking the military codes, and there were any number of organizations that were devoted to doing just that. station h