in the hat on the right is rick, frederick olmsted jr., you know, collectively, with their partners and their associates, and some people who died prematurely, this office was in business successfully from 1858 to 1960. just over a hundred years. it's a remarkable feat for a design firm, frankly, with a strong identity and with such brilliance. an extraordinary number of campus projects the olmsted firm worked on extends to a list of seven closely spaced pages. the first of these pages is shown on the left there. and what you can see in it if you read closely with one of their very first projects which is the university of california, berkeley, 1865, and one of the very last, the university of alabama in 1956. by my count, between 1865 and 1900, the period super intended by flo sr., they worked on many college campuses. during the 1890s, princeton, smith, harvard, mount holyoke, vassar. between 1900 and 1960 after olmsted sr.'s departure, the firm worked on more than 180 campuses. just between 1900 and 1915 alone up to the first world war

congress and a contemporary of frederick law olmsted. moral was moving first between behind adoption of the land grant college act of 1862, which is set aside federal lands to create colleges. president lincoln signed the bill and we are dulles site delighted that this bicentennial has been reason for connecting the morrow which is a celebration partner for the olmsted. we think of olmsted as a park meter and that he was but one of the goals of the bicentennial was to explore the many other aspects of his multi faceted career. to day, we will zero in on campus design. in the wake of the civil war, american universities emerged as important, national institutions. olmsted believe that the physical environment of learning, buildings and grounds, played a significant role in the success of education. he planned campuses for stanford and cornell. and successor olmsted firms undertook projects at scores of institutions including duke, harvard, gallaudet, wellesley, sophomore and johns hopkins. today, practitioners and scholars will discuss ol

tell us more about frederick mertz. how will hee different to angela merkel?> i think he will be very, if not to say totally different from anga merkel, because he is from character totally different. he is very aggressive, not only from the right, but has a very strong rhetoric. merkel was very moderate. she was smooth all the time and now, there will be a very op aggressive -- very aggressive opposition leader, which is not a bad thing. they are now the opposition and you have to be aggressive, you must be strong, and that's what frederick mertz is. phil: he is 66 years old, long been a significant figure in the party. are we looking at a new era for the cdu, or a return to the past? >> it's absolutely a new era, because it is now opposition time. that's different to the merkel era. we have 16 years of angela merkel, strong leadership for a long time, the last year, not as strong, b if she had been a candidate, she would have won another time and olaf scholz would not have been chancellor. that's another reason the era is another one. i don't think she will

and of course charles olmsted was the nephew of frederick as will as his son frederick after olmsted senior married his brother's widow in homestead junior was a half-brother and john became an apprentice for his stepfather's firm after he graduated from yale in the scientific academy and rick followed suit and became a partner in the firm after graduating from harvard in 1894, together the olmsted brothers continue the legacy of their father taking on scores of planning and design projects including many college and university campuses. and they advance the work, although one thing to differentiate them from their father is the father had a very deep knowledge of agriculture in the sun had an appreciation for agriculture but did not have the background and farming that the seniors had. the father did not lay out the original plan for iowa state, the brothers did report the plan and the report laid out the future of the campus but was not adopted like your father's plan by the trustees continuing a trend established by their father of trustees rejecting their plan, however, the olmst

[applause] >> beginning on american history tv a conference on frederick law the founder of american landscape architecture to mark the 200th anniversary of his birth. coming up you hear about his influence on the landscapes of colleges across the country including at stanford and duke. up next landscape architect lori ellen talks about the design of college campuses. >> good morning i am the presidency of the national association for homestead park. i am delighted to welcome all of you today to the campus design. overall the last 18 months we have felt mighty grateful whose parks made our lives lovable, it's indeed wonderful to see everyone together in this room today. this podium as part of the 200th the national and local celebration in 2022 of the bicentennial of the birth of frederick homestead visionary reformer and founder of the profession of landscape architecture. the national association is proud to be the managing partner of the celebration working with nine other fantastic national partners across the country. as you can see here we invite everyone to join us in the year

we have just released a special online exhibit frederick law olmstead lands gate for the public good and partnership for the garden foundation. you can see some of the extraordinary panels outside today. we are urging communities, parks, libraries to download this exceptional exhibit inside or out during the bicentennial year. we also ask you to follow us on social media. this program is the first of an opportunity in person and otherwise around the country through 2022 that you can find on a national calendar. it caused 47 of the 50 states, we can literally find olmstead landscape from coast to coast. speaking of individuals from around the country i want to give a shout out to our audience today. mike from atlanta member of the 200 outerbridge committee, mike and his daughter rebecca were responsible for the great documentary olmstead americas urban parks which we are continuing to encourage communities to show around the country. working with georgia tech mike is also supported widely and thoughtful discussions about urban planning which we will also be featuring as part of our ol

frederick. the chair recognizes mr. robinson for five minutes. >> thank you for having me here today. i'm the president of color of change. we host the nation's largest racial justice organization. i also cochaired the aspen institute commission on information which released our recommendations for effectively tackling misinformation and disinformation. i want to think this committee and its leaders for your work introducing justice against malicious algorithm act, the civil rights modernization act and the protecting americans from algorithms act. each one is essential for reducing the tech industry effect on our lives. congress is rightly called to major action when industry business model is at odds with the public interest. when it generates its greatest profits only by causing the greatest harm. big tech corporations like facebook, amazon and google maintain near total control over all three areas of online life. online commerce, content and social connection. to keep control they lie about

of course, john charles olmsted was the nephew of frederick as well as his son frederick after his brother married olmsted's widow. and olmsted junior was the after other of john c homes. -- after he graduated from yale sheffield scientific academy and rick followed suit. together, the olmsted brothers continued the legacy of their father, taking on scores of planning and design projects, including many college and university campuses. they advanced the work of land grant institutions, although i think that one thing that differentiates them from the father is that the father had a very deep knowledge of the agricultural. and the sons had an appreciation for agricultural but did not have the background in farming that the seniors had. whereas their father did not lay out the original plan for iowa state. the brothers did a report to update the welch plan and the report laid out the future of the campus. it was not adopted, like the father's plan, by the trustees, continuing a trend established by their father of trustees rejecting their plans. however, the olmsted brothers did have an effe

even within his party, some of question, frederick mats, his motives suggesting he's driven mainly by personal ambition. that ambition has now given him the see to use top job enabling mets, to be the face of conservative opposition to the government of olaf shots. earlier we spoke to political scientist or russia for look and asked him how free dish math would be different to anger back. i think you believe very, if not to say a totally different to angle american because he's from character totally different . he's very aggressive. he is not only from the right, as you said, he's more near a liberal but he's a very has a very strong with tory and merkle. yes, you know, was very moderates. he was not as he was smooth all the time. and now there will be a very aggressive opposition leader, and i think it's not a bad thing for the see you because now the position has changed. now they opposition and now you have be aggressive, you must be strong. and that's what the rec mouth is. now we have 16 years of anglo merkel, a very strong leadership from long time after the last year is not a

the birth of frederick law olmsted known as the father of american landscape architecture. beginning at 8:00 p.m. eastern, frederick steiner, dean of the university of pennsylvania school of design, talks about the landscape design legacy of brothers john hall and frederick law olmsted at land grant universities. then landscape architect michael ferguson discusses how to adapt frederick law olmsted's 19th century design principles for contemporary campus design. and later, landscape architect laurie olin weighs in on olmsted's effect on the design of college campuses. every saturday on c-span2. >>> we are now going to zero in and look at a few campuses in particular. and our next speaker is cathy blake, federal -- federal. fellow of the american society of landscape architects who has been active in landscape architecture for 40 years and director of campus planning for the last 25. cathy's white paper is the guiding philosophy for all landscape within the central campus at stanford and she is responsible for bridging the campus's frederick law olmsted's significant infrast

some of question. frederick mats, his motives suggesting he's driven, namely by personal ambition. that ambition has now given him the cd used talk job enabling mets to be the face of conservative opposition to the government of olaf shots. or earlier we spoke to political scientists to al, crashed on looker and asked him how frederick mats would be different anglo mabel. i think he will be very, if not a say, a totally different to angle american because he's from character totally different . he's very aggressive. he is not only from the right, as you said, he is more nearly liberal but he's very has a very strong with tory and merkle. yes, you know, was very moderates. he was not says he will smooth all the time. and now that will be a very aggressive opposition leader, and i think it's not a bad thing for the see you because now the position has changed. now they opposition and now you have be aggressive, you must be strong. and that's what flick mouth is on. we have 16 years of anglo merkel, a very strong leadership from long time after the last year's not a strong, but i thin

and after frederick lost this is pretty much the main one.ve the museum james stanford the first concrete building and it survived the earthquake. in later years we had an addition to the museum, modern contemporary terms how to add-on and the idea is how to work with the historic not to copy the historic. here's a building they ran out of room that is the atrium to create a new teaching space which is become the school and then sustainability is really important at the main premise of what were doing now, you can see from bought of the original basis, you follow the principles of the old plan you will be a sustainable campus. about five years ago or maybe a little longer our president declared that sustainability would be accorded value of the institution. that means purchasing, permeates teaching, education, development, all of our decisions, it's no longer a thing as a core value in all departments in all areas should be looking to that is the primary thing. we have achieved with two universities of platinum and not only highly develop a c

back to those my family has experienced in the way they tell their stories. >> how important was frederick douglass in terms of your journey, reading and literacy skills? >> his story is extremely important to me. to read about someone who was enslaved but had a brilliant mind someone who just have the opportunity to learn how to read in the way the reading transformed his life, that inspired me to go after contemporary frederick douglass is in my area. >> we are getting questions about this question is for all of us, you put this quote in the tracking the question, excuse me i'll just leave it in case, the society capable of sustaining concentric concept like woke leaders? steve, you've been working in the capitalist society most of your life, you been on the board of companies that did eight, find billing dollars in business, large companies. what is your answer for capitalist society, a brand of leadership such as we have been talking about for the past 30 or 40 minutes? >> i think it is an outstanding question. i believe it is hard work. as i stated earlier, you and i have circulated,

it is of aps of the frederick. -- it is of a piece of the frederick douglass quote. we are making constitutional errors and does have consequences. i am not saying this guy should be executed because i am being consequentialist. we are making errors that are harming real people, and we need to stop. we need to return to a proper understanding of the constitution. it is important to make a distinction between what justice thomas is doing when he is talking about consequences and a call for a consequentialist constitutional law. they are not the same thing. it is good to acknowledge decisions have consequences. it is bad to say we should decide what the law is based on what those consequences are. >> maybe i misinterpreted your glance over at me, breath think you might have something to say. >> the justice teachers classes with a lot of former clerks. he does teach a class where he talks about some famous cases and digs into the facts. i think he has always shown an interest, both as a personal mentor and a jurist, that cases involve real people. they are not just abou

wrote him a letter after the dissent in the civil rights case of 83 which is a crushing blow and frederick douglass said i'm reminded of something during the time people filled abolition would never happen and i say this to you one man was thought as a majority. and i think harlan came to believe that if you are on god's side, you are good. >> a couple of people have asked similar questions, asking about whether or not what was the biggest challenge in researching this book and i want to know what was the biggest surprise. you are in there trying to sort of dig through history to create a mental picture of a man. what were the biggest challenges and was there anything that just shocked you? there were no letters between the second half of their life and with no idea why it could be just shoddy records. john marshall had spotty letters it could be that they didn't talk or he was traveling to washington regularly because his son was living there and they didn't have a chance to write about it. we know things from third parties that it wasn't harlan stopped talking to roberts. a surprise to m

frederick olmsted sr. had been offered the agriculture colleges and that predated the land grant act, but it provided a stimulus for devoted to teaching the mechanical arts or what we call engineering. in the south, black citizens were denied access to these land grant colleges prompting their champion vermont senator justin smith moral to sponsor a second land grant act in 1890. it established 19 black land grant institutions in the former confederate states. olmsted with his long involvement in scientific farming was a supporter of the new schools as evident by the offer at ohio state and with considerable interest and energy, he would become i would say somewhat involved in the design of five land grant institutions. cal berkeley, maine, massachusetts, cornell and rhode island. now, his sons were involved in another nine land grant schools including alabama a&m which is a black land grant school, plus they revived their father's work at the university of maine. in addition to their campus planning proje

university campus and frederick law olmsted late 19th century master plan. >> we are going to zoom in and look at a few campuses in we are now going to zero in and look at a few campuses in particular. and our next speaker is cathy blake, fellow of the american society of landscape architects, who has been active in landscape architecture for 40 years and stanford university's landscape architect for the last 45. she is responsible for bridging the campuses frederick law olmsted and thomas church heritage is with modern resigns, environmental concerns and significant circulation and infrastructure needs. campus landscape and infrastructure have received awards and acknowledgments in all arenas, including sustainability for higher education. kathy is a fellow, as i say, as the american society of landscape architects and vice chair of the harvard alumni council. she will be talking to us right now about stanford's campus. welcome, cathy. >> [applause] thank you everyone for having me today. and as people filed in i will make a couple of comments. we saw a great overview this morning an

[applause] >> beginning on american history tv a conference on frederick law the founder of americanrchitecture to mark the 200th anniversary of his birth. coming up you hear about his influence on the landscapes of colleges across the country including at stanford and duke. up next landscape architect lori ellen talks about the design of college campuses. >> good morning

screeching the most anti-semitic and anti-black frederick in history -- rhetoric in history. hundreds and hundreds of them. when asked what he thought about it, he said there are some very good people there. they are racist, fascist. folks, that was four years ago. i never thought i would see that. in my career. the violent and deadly instruction on capitol hill on january 6. i'm going to say something self-serving, i know a lot about foreign policy. i'm not every major world leader in the last 40 years. i've spoken to over 140 heads of state since i become president. you know what they all asked me? is america going to be all right? what about democracy in america, did you ever think you would be asked that question? i'm not exaggerating, gentlemen. the leader of china, xi jinping where i met with more than any other world leader -- who i met with more than a other world leader. and putin, are very straightforward. democracy can't function in the 21st century, things are too complicated, they moved too fast. the time to get a consensus, which -- too hard to get a consensus,

counsel to all follows rofield on the maintenance and upkeep of this historic acreagedesigned by frederick olmsted junior . miguel is a proud partner of olmsted 2000 and one of his major projects was to restore the olmsted woods which was not called the olmsted woods until this restoration project occurred. it's five acre woodlands at the base of the cathedral. michael was chosen to be architect for the amphitheater located located there, and amphitheater which was part of the original design by frederick olmsted junior and a subsequent design by frederick bratton and through the realization of this beautiful piece ofone of the most exciting aspects of the project . miles has taken two of his three triplets to two of three different colleges for their freshman year so it is no wonder he is interested in campus design. we look forward to his presentation . [applause] >> thank you dd for that. let me say first it's a privilege to be here with you today. i'm going to talk about our work on three projects, three olmsted campuses. campuses that the olmsted offices worked on in the late 19th and

design legacy of john law olmsted and frederick law stead. my next speaker has been the university landscape architect since 2000 where he oversees massive planning design a natural resource management and district preservation. previous with several significant landscapes with campus, urban design and historic cultural landscape. it was a major force behind the symposium and good thing thanks to zoom with imposing him. [applause] >> after all we've been through it's nice to be here and have everybody here in person. i came to do like you said in 2000 from central park. i have two homestead i will say something about central park, it's not just learning about the greensburg plan but we were learning about the impact of betsy rogers and maryam cramer and realizing these places are so important because of their design and their stewardship and how generations of people tend to these places over time and i think that's really driven me professionally. i think duke and stanford were interested because their similarities and very much different al

people who paid more attention, people like frederick douglass would write about the tremendous courage and willingness to stand up to all of his colleagues that is a consistent theme. i will say there's nothing in his letters or his written records that's available now to show that he was himself ostracized for these positionst that he was receiving death threats and getting harassed. there isn't any evidence of them that leads me to believe two things. no one felt threatened byby it. i think there was this assumption because they were politically inclusion and essentially closing their eyes and voting in cases they felt like theyt kind of knew they we doing the wrong thing but felt like it was to repair relations. and yet they may have seen it as a more insidious conspiracy than actually someone like john marshall. >> wasn't there a gratuitous sentiment in plessy versus ferguson? >> i think that's a fair comment but it's part of a more complicated story. there's a lion in harlem's famous dissent. by far his most famous dissent and one frequently included today neither knows nor tolera

frederick, talk to us about the compilation of work.ited to be here to talk this up because this is a landmark moment for us. anjelique roche, the visionary behind the comics, we've done indigenous comics, we've done asian pacific islander, we've done a whole different series of these. what's incredible about it is not only bringing together these incredible artists and writers to bring into the contemporary moment all of these incredible latinx, latino, latina superheroes but it includes in its 90-plus pages, which is unusual for a floppy, a lot of information. even if you're not totally, like, immersed in the marvel superhero spaces, you're going to get something out of this because there's history built in. george perez, others talking about things like white tiger that my friend and colleague here, daniel, has been a big part of. >> dan, i want you to tell me about white tiger. >> white tiger is such a special character because this is the first marvel latino superhero. and he's from harlem from back in the day. he's a regular dude

think at the crystal, not the way the romantics look that the crystal, not the way come for david. frederick looked at the crystal. i look at the chris and the fallen gray. it has a millions of facets. it's kind of the symbol of democracy because you can see right through it. but there are so many different angles, and there's always this kind of center that to lead you to, of a sort of an infinite dispersal point to hold. the chris focus is in a way to hold the dna, which is a crystal is to hold the stars which are crystal is to hold the world. ah ah ah ah ah ah ah ah, farming and can without harmful chemical pesticides, not feasible new you don't, you can produce enough of a to be able to with ada cbs farming into bravery become really while the politicians are still debating. the 1st farmers are very successful with discovery degree. we cannot understand that you are wondering that these no town phone through our cost or mike eco. d w o. the crystal pico, a german tradition. ah we want to discover its origin and follow the sentence roasted almond, black forest, and vine to the christmas m

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and that's not to denigrate frederick douglass, but to say he was of a different class and that played out in their relationship. hamer, it was the same thing, she had a sixth grade education, but her genius was so vast, but she lived in a world where men, white and black men still were in control in their own worlds and elite men didn't want hamer rising to the top. they thought she was uncouth and unsophisticated. and they didn't want her image in the national news, on the newspapers, on television. they wanted to be the ones that were doing that. but she did the work. she was on the ground. she was bearing the brunt of all of that violence. and she was determined to bring the people up. and the elites sometimes did not see the faces or hear the voices of the average mississippi delta farmer, that's the truth. >> i was going to say that with tubman, she knew how to own the room, okay? when she needed to get her point across, she knew how to -- you know, we know with the photograph, kate, that you and i authenticated of the young harriet, she knew that that was the attire she would we

the next generation of the family went its own way. horatio and anna's daughter, beth married, frederick vesta, a gym and swiss. she to fight her mother's policy celibacy and the couple had 6 children. there was also bertha who decided to take in more visitors to the commune . in asking actual pronouncing it took off with the 1st wave of tourists beginning in 19031904. when the american company clark tours brought mostly wealthy american travellers to jerusalem tables at him cracked. mm. the financial groundwork for the hotel had been laid several years earlier in 1896 more than a 100 sweets drawn in by an spf, it's vision and ideas joined the community. the sweets contributed much needed practical skills and help boost to communities, economic prospects, agriculture and handy crafts became an important source of income. the american colony began to flourish and prosper. by then, the community had more than a 150 members. the american colony was bursting out of its household city after the sweets had got there. they were very wealthy at the time they were looking for somewhere that they

vel and frederick are newly engaged. how would you rate frederick's hugs? of 10. >> reporter: researchers in london studied the science behind the most satisfying squeeze. >> the very short hugs, the one-second hugs, they were perceived as less pleasant. >> reporter: to better reveal the sensations behind touch, psychologists at goldsmith university of london blindfolded 48 women willing to be hugged by a stranger. >> one-second hug, a five-second hug and 10-second. >> the ten-second hug was rated the most pleasurable. >> which was surprising to us because we thought ten seconds was so long, surely at some point people might find it less pleasant. >> reporter: in a second experiment, researchers watched nearly 200 people hug in social settings, something that could prove challenging in the uk. >> this is london. we're not very good at the touchy-feely stuff. >> reporter: psychologists found crisscross hugs are more common and gender also made a difference. >> men are more likely to use the kind of chris-cross arms with other minute than women are on each ot

in addition to like people like frederick douglas. there were the christian missionaries, who wanted to have good relations with chinese who did not think that they were evil or enslaved. there were men that i describe as liberal who upheld the constitution, who believed in principles of freedom and equality. but they were not a match for bigler risen, the native hatred that gets whipped up by politicians. their voices were drowned out. >> one of the examples that you talk about a trial that you and i were talking about earlier. when chinese gold digger killed another chinese gold digger treat his principal argument was self-defense. there is fascinating discussion of picketing which the judge and the prosecutor spoke to the defendant in pidgin english. probably not in a demeaning way but they thought that they could reach and communicate better. he wound up being convicted and sentenced to death and then you leave it at that and a couple of chapters later. you come back and you talk about how these people came, what did they do, all

design legacy of john law olmsted and frederick law stead. my next speaker has been the university landscape archite ctmark hough, our next speaker, has been the landscape university architect at duke since 2000, where he oversees planning, design and resource management. he worked previously for the central park conservancy in new york city, where he assisted the restoration of several significant olmsted landscapes. mark is a frequent lecturer, a published photographer and an award-winning writer who has written extensively on campus urban design and historic cultural landscapes. mark is also the major force behind this symposium and a good friend, thanks to zoom. it is a pleasure to stand with him in person at the symposium. so, mark, take it away. [applause] >> thank you, dede all, and after all we have been through it's nice to be here in person. i came to duke from central park in 2002. i have to olmsted landscapes to work from. and i will say one thing about central park that were important to me. it was not just learning about the --

and frederick douglass made this amazing speech and 86 uniting is the chinese exclusion and he said that it is true, there is a very large population of chinese, this is true, but he said that let them, and human rights and let them come and they will just join with us and they will be part of making this country great ally this together and i think that is astounding. and inside that he had that he was not afraid of so-called seeing the chinese coming and he said look at this together the paraphrasing. >> that is a great segue to our first question it over there groups both within and outside of the chinese community that were advocating for acceptance and fair treatment of chinese immigrants. >> is a great question and there were in addition to people and frederick douglass and there were the missionaries the christian missionaries who wanted to have frustration for chinese who did not see that they worker evil or enslaved and there were men who i describe this kind of liberal and who upheld the constitution and who believed in it, principles of freedom andin equality and they were not

this year marks the 200th anniversary of the birth of frederick law olmsted, the landscape architectost famous for his work on new york city's central park. saturday at 3:15 p.m. eastern, a conference on his legacy, including his design for college campuses such as stanford. exploring the american story. watch american history tv saturdays on c-span2 and find a full schedule on your program guide or watch online anytime at c-span.org/history. >> the u.s. secretary of state antony blinken held a news conference to outline the work of his agency over the past year, including efforts to combat the coronavirus pandemic. in addition, he answered reporter's questions concerning the u.s. withdraw from

and that's just not frederick douglass he was of a different class. that played out in their relationship. she had a same thing should a sixth-grade education, but her genius was so vast. she lived in a world workmen white and black men were in control in their own world and elite men did not want hamer rising to the top. they thought she was uncouth and unsophisticated. they did not want her image in the national news, and the newspapers on television. they wanted to be the one doing that. she did the work, she was on the ground she was bearing the brunt of all of that violence. and she was determined to bring the people up. sometimes the elite did not see them or hear the voices of the average mississippi delta farmer, that is the truth. >> i was going to say that with tubman, she knew how to own the room. when she needed to get her point across, she knew how we know the photograph kate you and i were educated of the young harriet. she knew what to wear to go to stewards manchin or one of the abolitionist to get her point across. i know from the wor

[cheering and applause] and from frederick, maryland, it's the whiten family.trying to win theirself a lot cash, and somebody might have a shot at driving out of here in a brand-new car. [cheering and applause] well, let's go meet them, everybody. it'e

young muslims are listening to us right now to know the majority of congress do not support that frederickkind of islam a phobic trope that we are dangerous to our country and all the things that come out from just -- i hear you because folks constantly ask us that question. of course we worry about this but those folks continue and this isn't the first time and it won't be the last time until she's held accountable and then to send a message to the rest of the colleagues that this is unacceptable and again i want my sons that are watching right now to know that you belong here and you are loved. you do not deserve this. you can't raise money off of violence towards us, so i'm proudly standing here saying i would rather us speak out and do what's right van to worry about some of those kind of dynamics that continue to play behind the closed doors anyway so it's important i think especially to all the muslims out there that need us to speak out against it. >> i'm so proud. thank you to both congresswoman and congressman for showing up. i want to say this to our republican buddies obsessed w